(According to the text by B. Vasiliev)
essay-reasoning
I think B. Vasiliev, saying that
meant that Anna Fedotovna, struck by the cruel, inhuman act of the children, as a result of which she lost her only material connection with her deceased son, died spiritually.
As proof of this idea, we will give examples from the text. Thus, the author writes about how the old woman did not like the girl’s tone, “defiant, full of pretension that was incomprehensible to her,” and also that the girl’s voice was so “officially inhuman.” The insult inflicted on Anna Fedotovna by the children was very rude, cruel and insulting, so the old woman’s soul could not bear it.
And in the continuation of the text B. Vasiliev says:
To summarize, it can be argued that when B. Vasiliev wrote how the soul of the main character became blind and deaf, he wanted to say that this happened not only because of the loss of precious letters, but, first of all, because of the behavior of the guys, whose unacceptable act so wounded Anna Fedotovna’s soul.
Humanity is a set of traits that defines a person as an individual and distinguishes him from a beast, combining such concepts as kindness, compassion, sincerity, and empathy. Humanity, or humanity, is the most important component of human essence. Lack of humanity entails selfishness and cruelty. The very definition of “humanity” carries a fairly clear meaning: a quality that is inherent in a person, in other words, a human quality. That is why it is brought up in children: from a very early age we learn not to offend kittens, empathize with a friend, learn to be kind and sincere towards people.
As evidence of what has been said, we can cite an excerpt from the text of B. Vasiliev, where we see an example of inhumanity:
The children, showing such heartlessness, hurt the old woman very much. For the grandmother, these letters were too precious, but the guys did not understand her grief and stole them, depriving her of the only opportunity to experience the death of her dear son, who died in the war. Her soul became blind and deaf, as the author says. The pain that a loving mother experienced for the second time is difficult to describe in words, and even more difficult to survive.
Another example, but an example of true humanity, can be the hero of the story L.N. Tolstoy "After the Ball". Ivan Vasilyevich, after seeing violence against a guilty soldier, refuses successful public service, so as not to take part in the physical and spiritual humiliation of other people, even by accident. This is a deeply humane and courageous act - to give up a successful career, money, lover for the sake of your principles, in order to live according to your conscience.
To sum up all that has been said, we can say that humanity is a gift that not everyone has. Kindness and sincerity are instilled from childhood; without these qualities, the world would have collapsed long ago. Intelligence is given not for destruction, but for creation, and understanding of this is achieved thanks to the humanity in each of us.
Humanity is one of the most important and at the same time complex concepts. It is impossible to give it an unambiguous definition, because it manifests itself in a variety of human qualities. This is the desire for justice, honesty, and respect. Someone who can be called humane is capable of caring for others, helping and patronizing. He can see the good in people and emphasize their main advantages. All this can be confidently attributed to the main manifestations of this quality.
What is humanity?
There are a large number of examples of humanity from life. These are the heroic actions of people in wartime, and very insignificant, seemingly insignificant actions in everyday life. Humanity and kindness are manifestations of compassion for one's neighbor. Motherhood is also synonymous with this quality. After all, every mother actually sacrifices the most precious thing she has - her own life - as a sacrifice to her baby. The brutal cruelty of the fascists can be called a quality opposite to humanity. A person only has the right to be called a person if he is capable of doing good.
Dog rescue
An example of humanity from life is the act of a man who saved a dog in the subway. Once upon a time, a stray dog found itself in the lobby of the Kurskaya station of the Moscow metro. She ran along the platform. Maybe she was looking for someone, or maybe she was just chasing a departing train. But it so happened that the animal fell on the rails.
There were many passengers at the station then. People were scared - after all, there was less than a minute left before the next train arrived. The situation was saved by a brave police officer. He jumped onto the tracks, picked up the unlucky dog under his paws and carried him to the station. This story is a good example of humanity from life.
Action of a teenager from New York
This quality is not complete without compassion and goodwill. There is a lot of evil in real life these days and people need to show each other compassion. An indicative example from life on the topic of humanity is the action of a 13-year-old New Yorker named Nach Elpstein. For his bar mitzvah (or coming of age in Judaism), he received a gift of 300 thousand shekels. The boy decided to donate all this money to Israeli children. It's not every day that you hear about such an act, which is a true example of humanity from life. The amount went towards the construction of a new generation bus for the work of young scientists on the periphery of Israel. This vehicle is a mobile classroom that will help young students become real scientists in the future.
An example of humanity from life: donation
There is no nobler act than giving your blood to someone else. This is real charity, and everyone who takes this step can be called a real citizen and a person with a capital “P.” Donors are strong-willed people who have a kind heart. An example of the manifestation of humanity in life is Australian resident James Harrison. He donates blood plasma almost every week. For a very long time he was awarded a unique nickname - “The Man with the Golden Arm.” After all, blood was taken from Harrison's right hand more than a thousand times. And in all the years that he has been donating, Harrison has managed to save more than 2 million people.
In his youth, the hero donor underwent a complex operation, as a result of which he had to have his lung removed. His life was saved only thanks to donors who donated 6.5 liters of blood. Harrison never knew the saviors, but decided that he would donate blood for the rest of his life. After talking with doctors, James learned that his blood type was unusual and could be used to save the lives of newborn babies. His blood contained very rare antibodies that could solve the problem of incompatibility of the Rh factor of the mother’s blood and the embryo. Because Harrison donated blood every week, doctors were able to constantly produce new batches of the vaccine for such cases.
An example of humanity from life, from literature: Professor Preobrazhensky
One of the most striking literary examples of possessing this quality is Professor Preobrazhensky from Bulgakov’s work “The Heart of a Dog.” He dared to challenge the forces of nature and turn a street dog into a man. His attempts failed. However, Preobrazhensky feels responsible for his actions, and tries with all his might to turn Sharikov into a worthy member of society. This shows the highest qualities of the professor, his humanity.
Source: fb.ruCurrent
Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous
1. The concept of humanism.
2. Pushkin as a herald of humanity.
3. Examples of humanistic works.
4. The writer’s works teach you to be human.
...By reading his works, you can perfectly educate the person within you...
V. G. Belinsky
In the dictionary of literary terms, you can find the following definition of the term “humanism”: “humanism, humanity - love for a person, humanity, compassion for a person in trouble, in oppression, the desire to help him.”
Humanism arose as a certain trend of advanced social thought, which raised the struggle for the rights of the human person, against church ideology, the oppression of scholasticism, in the Renaissance in the struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism and became one of the main features of advanced bourgeois literature and art.
The work of such Russian writers who reflected the liberation struggle of the people as A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, I. S. Turgenev, N. V. Gogol, L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov is imbued with humanism.
A. S. Pushkin is a humanist writer, but what does this mean in practice? This means that for Pushkin the principle of humanity is of great importance, that is, in his works the writer preaches truly Christian virtues: mercy, understanding, compassion. In each main character one can find traits of humanism, be it Onegin, Grinev or an unnamed Caucasian prisoner. However, for each hero the concept of humanism changes. The content of this term also changes depending on the periods of creativity of the great Russian writer.
At the very beginning of the writer’s creative career, the word “humanism” was often understood as a person’s internal freedom of choice. It is no coincidence that at a time when the poet himself was in southern exile, his work was enriched by a new type of hero, romantic, strong, but not free. Two Caucasian poems - “Prisoner of the Caucasus” and “Gypsies” - are clear confirmation of this. The nameless hero, captured and held captive, however, turns out to be freer than Aleko, choosing life with the nomadic people. The idea of individual freedom occupied the author’s thoughts during this period and received an original, non-standard interpretation. Thus, the defining character trait of Aleko - egoism - becomes a force that completely steals a person’s inner freedom, while the hero of “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” although limited in movement, is internally free. This is precisely what helps him make a fateful but conscious choice. Aleko craves freedom only for himself. Therefore, the love story between him and the gypsy Zemfira, who is completely free spiritually, turns out to be sad - the main character kills his beloved, who has stopped loving him. The poem "Gypsies" shows the tragedy of modern individualism, and in the main character - the character of an extraordinary personality, which was first outlined in "Prisoner of the Caucasus" and finally recreated in "Eugene Onegin".
The next period of creativity gives a new interpretation of humanism and new heroes. “Boris Godunov” and “Eugene Onegin,” written between 1823 and 1831, give us new food for thought: what is philanthropy for a poet? This period of creativity is represented by more complex, but at the same time integral characters of the main characters. Both Boris and Evgeniy - each of them faces a certain moral choice, the acceptance or non-acceptance of which depends entirely on their character. Both individuals are tragic, each of them deserves pity and understanding.
The pinnacle of humanism in Pushkin’s works was the closing period of his work and such works as “Belkin’s Tales”, “Little Tragedies”, “The Captain’s Daughter”. Now humanism and humanity are becoming truly complex concepts and include many different characteristics. This includes the free will and personality of the hero, honor and conscience, the ability to sympathize and empathize and, most importantly, the ability to love. The hero must love not only man, but also the world around him, nature and art, in order to become truly interesting to Pushkin the humanist. These works are also characterized by the punishment of inhumanity, in which the author’s position is clearly visible. If previously the hero’s tragedy depended on external circumstances, now it is determined by the internal capacity for humanity. Anyone who meaningfully leaves the bright path of philanthropy is doomed to severe punishment. An antihero is a bearer of one of the types of passions. The Baron from “The Stingy Knight” is not just a stingy man, he is the bearer of the passion for enrichment and power. Salieri longs for fame; he is also oppressed by envy of his friend, who is luckier in talent. Don Guan, the hero of The Stone Guest, is the bearer of sensual passions, and the inhabitants of the city, destroyed by the plague, find themselves in the grip of the passion of intoxication. Each of them gets what he deserves, each of them is punished.
In this regard, the most significant works for revealing the concept of humanism are “Belkin’s Tales” and “The Captain’s Daughter”. “Belkin’s Tales” is a special phenomenon in the writer’s work, consisting of five prose works united by a single concept: “The Station Agent”, “The Shot”, “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”, “The Blizzard”, “The Undertaker”. Each of the short stories is dedicated to the hardships and suffering that befell one of the main classes - the small landowner, peasant, official or artisan. Each of the stories teaches us compassion, understanding of universal human values and their acceptance. Indeed, despite the difference in the perception of happiness by each class, we understand the undertaker’s nightmare, the experiences of the loving daughter of a small landowner, and the recklessness of army officials.
The crowning achievement of Pushkin's humanistic works is The Captain's Daughter. Here we see the author’s already matured, formed thought concerning universal human passions and problems. Through compassion for the main character, the reader, along with him, goes through the path of becoming a strong, strong-willed personality who knows first-hand what honor is. Over and over again, the reader, together with the main character, makes a moral choice on which life, honor and freedom depend. Thanks to this, the reader grows with the hero and learns to be human.
V. G. Belinsky said about Pushkin: “...By reading his works, you can excellently educate a person within yourself...”. Indeed, Pushkin’s works are so full of humanism, philanthropy and attention to enduring universal human values: mercy, compassion and love, that from them, as from a textbook, you can learn to make important decisions, take care of honor, love and hate - learn to be human.
Essays on the topic “What is humanity”
Humanity is a figurative concept that highlights the best aspects of human qualities. These include the ability to love and understand the people around you.
The humanity of man is widely described in Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. The author describes the difficult life of the population in the second half of the 19th century, when disappointment and oppression grew among people.
The main character, student Rodion Raskolnikov, observing the unjust oppression of some and the carelessness of others, asks himself questions about his own belonging. Does he belong to a submissive caste or can he be superior to others and administer justice to them? Dostoevsky in his novel describes the state of mind of the main character, her experiences. After committing the murder, Rodion Raskolnikov withdraws into himself, and severe mental anguish awaits him. Thanks to his love for Sonya, he returns to people and confesses to the crime, after which relief awaits him.
“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” is one of the most humane works in world literature. It contains a large number of strong and exciting feelings. Reading the author’s lines, you can feel his grief and perception of someone else’s grief.
The humanity in the work is strongly evident in various forms. It is shown between the characters in their relationships with each other. Igor and Vsevolod are brothers, between whom there is a feeling of mutual respect. In relation to their father Svyatoslav, the relationship is paternally warm. The author placed the greatest emphasis on the relationship between Igor and Olga, which is based on mutual love feelings and respect.
In every person there is a certain share of humanity, which, to one degree or another, has developed or decreased during life. The reason for this was the people around him and the actions he performed. This is why in order to increase kind and compassionate people, you need to start with your personal humanity. By doing good deeds, set an example for others.
The question of humanity as the ability to resist world injustice with the help of internal spiritual qualities has always interested writers. The creators put their heroes in the most acute, most unimaginable situations in order to clarify the “question of humanity,” about how much a person can remain himself when the whole world is against him.
I would like to consider the topic given in the title using the example of the story “Heart of a Dog” by Bulgakov. This work is considered one of the pinnacles of satirical fiction. In it, Bulgakov talks about the tragic discrepancy between the achievements of science - man’s desire to change the world - and his contradictory, imperfect essence, inability to foresee the future, here he embodies his conviction in the preference of normal evolution over a violent, revolutionary method of invading life, about the responsibility of a scientist and the terrible, the destructive power of self-righteous aggressive ignorance. These themes are eternal, and they have not lost their significance even now.
But one of the fundamental themes of Bulgakov’s work is the theme of man and humanity. “Heart of a Dog” expresses the idea that naked progress, devoid of morality, brings death to people.
At the heart of carry lies a great experiment. Everything that was happening around and what was called the construction of socialism, was perceived by Bulgakov precisely as an experiment - huge in scale and more than dangerous. The writer was extremely skeptical about attempts to create a new perfect society using revolutionary (not excluding violence) methods, and about educating a new, free person using the same methods. For him, this was an interference in the natural course of things, the consequences of which could be disastrous, including for the “experimenters” themselves. The author warns readers about this with his work.
The hero of the story, Professor Preobrazhensky, came to Bulgakov’s story from Prechistenka, where the hereditary Moscow intelligentsia had long settled. A recent Muscovite, Bulgakov knew and loved this area. He settled in Obukhovaya (Chisty) Lane, where “Fatal Eggs” and “Heart of a Dog” were written. People who were close to him in spirit and culture lived here. The prototype of Professor Philip Filippovich Preobrazhensky is considered to be Bulgakov's maternal relative, Professor N. M. Pokrovsky. But, in essence, it reflected the type of thinking and the best features of that layer of the Russian intelligentsia, which was called “Prechistenka” in Bulgakov’s circle.
Bulgakov considered it his duty to “stubbornly portray the Russian intelligentsia as the best layer in our country.” To some extent, Professor Preobrazhensky, the hero of Bulgakov’s story, is the embodiment of the outgoing Russian culture, the culture of the spirit, aristocracy. Professor Preobrazhensky, an elderly man, lives alone in a beautiful, comfortable apartment. The author admires the culture of his life, his appearance - Mikhail Afanasyevich himself loved aristocracy in everything, at one time he even wore a monocle.
The proud and majestic Professor Preobrazhensky, who spouts ancient aphorisms, is a luminary of Moscow genetics, a brilliant surgeon engaged in profitable operations for the rejuvenation of aging ladies and lively old men: the author's irony is merciless - sarcasm in relation to the prosperous Nepmen.
But the professor plans to improve nature itself; he decides to compete with Life itself and create a new person by transplanting part of the human brain into a dog.
The professor who transforms the dog into a human bears the name Preobrazhensky. And the action itself takes place on Christmas Eve. Meanwhile, by all possible means the writer points out the unnaturalness of what is happening, that this is an anti-creation, a parody of Christmas. The relationship between the scientist and the street dog Sharik-Sharikov forms the basis of the plot outline of the story.
The basis of the story is the internal monologue of Sharik, an eternally hungry, miserable street dog. He is not very stupid, in his own way he evaluates the life of the street, life, customs, characters of Moscow during the NEP with its numerous shops, teahouses, taverns on Myasnitskaya “with sawdust on the floor, evil clerks who hate dogs”, “where they played the accordion and it smelled like sausages.”
The completely chilled, hungry dog, also scalded, observes the life of the street and draws conclusions: “Out of all proletarians, street cleaners are the most vile scum.” “The chef comes across different people. For example, the late Vlas from Prechistenka. How many lives have you saved? “He sympathizes with the poor young lady-typist, frozen, “running into the gateway in her lover’s assistant’s stockings.” “She doesn’t even have enough for cinema, they deducted money from her at work, fed her rotten meat in the canteen, and the caretaker stole half of her canteen forty kopecks.” In his thoughts and ideas, Sharik contrasts the poor girl with the image of a triumphant boor - the new master of life: “I am now the chairman, and no matter how much I steal, it’s all on a woman’s body, on cancerous necks, on Abrau-Durso.” “I feel sorry for her, sorry. And I feel even more sorry for myself,” complains Sharik.
Sharik is, in essence, a good dog. And his “dog” behavior ultimately turns out to be better than “human” behavior. Professor Preobrazhensky transplants the pituitary gland into the dog Sharik from a man who died a few hours before the operation. This man is Klim Petrovich Chugunkin, twenty-eight years old, convicted three times. “Profession is playing the balalaika in taverns. Small in stature, poorly built. The liver is dilated (alcohol). The cause of death was a stab in the heart in a pub.”
As a result of a most complex operation, an ugly, primitive creature appeared, completely inheriting the “proletarian” essence of its “ancestor”. The first words he uttered were swearing, the first distinct word was “bourgeois.” And then the words from the street: “don’t push! ““scoundrel”, “get off the bandwagon”, etc. The result of the experiment was “a man of short stature and unattractive appearance. The hair on his head grew coarse... His forehead was striking in its small height. Almost directly above the black threads of the eyebrows, a thick head brush began.” He “dressed up” in the same ugly and vulgar way.
The monstrous homunculus, a man with a dog's right, the “basis” of which was the lumpen-proletarian Klim Chugunkin, feels like the master of life, he is arrogant, swaggering, and aggressive. The conflict between Professor Preobrazhensky, Bormenthal and the humanoid lumpen is absolutely inevitable. The life of the professor and the inhabitants of his apartment becomes a living hell. “The man at the door looked at the professor with dull eyes and smoked a cigarette, sprinkling ashes on his shirtfront.”
“- Don’t throw cigarette butts on the floor - I ask you for the hundredth time. So that I never hear a single curse word again. Don't spit in the apartment! Stop all conversations with Zina. She complains that you are stalking her in the dark. Look! - the professor is indignant. “Somehow you’re painfully oppressing me, dad,” Sharikov suddenly said tearfully... Why aren’t you letting me live? “Despite the dissatisfaction of the owner of the house. Sharikov lives in his own way, primitively parasitic: during the day he mostly sleeps in the kitchen, sits around, does all sorts of outrages, confident that “nowadays everyone has their right.” The smile of life is that, as soon as he stands up on his hind legs, Sharikov is ready to oppress, drive into a corner the “father” who gave birth to him - the professor.
And this humanoid creature demands from the professor a document on residence, confident that the house committee, which “protects interests,” will help him with this:
- Whose interests, may I ask?
- It is known whose - labor element. Philip Philipovich rolled his eyes.
- Why are you a hard worker?
- Yes, we know, not a NEPman. : From this verbal duel, taking advantage of the professor’s confusion about his origin (“you are, so to speak, an unexpectedly appeared creature, a laboratory one”), the homunculus emerges victorious and demands that he be given the “hereditary” surname Sharikov, and he chooses the name Poligraf Poligrafovich for himself. He organizes wild pogroms in the apartment, chases (in his canine nature) cats, causes a flood... All the inhabitants of the professor's apartment are demoralized, there can be no talk of any reception of patients.
In essence, all of these aspirations of Sharikov to get a last name, to protect his interests, that is, in essence, natural human desires, are just a parody of a person. An essentially good dog turns into a creepy guy.
The scary thing is that the bureaucratic system does not need the science of a professor. It costs her nothing to appoint anyone as a person. Any insignificance, even an empty place, can be taken and assigned. Having formalized this “appointment” accordingly and reflected it in the documents. And Sharikov is such a “designated” person: an artificially created hybrid of a good dog and a bad citizen, he receives human features in appearance and the habits of an animal.
The finest hour for Poligraf Poligrafovich was his “service”. Having disappeared from the house, he appears before the astonished professor and Bormenthal as a sort of young man, full of dignity and self-respect, “in a leather jacket from someone else’s shoulder, in worn leather pants and high English boots. The terrible, incredible smell of cats immediately spread throughout the entire hallway. He presents the stunned professor with a paper that says that Comrade Sharikov is the head of the department for clearing the city of stray animals. Of course, Shvonder got him there. When asked why he smells so disgusting, the monster replies: “Well, well, it smells... well known: in his specialty. Yesterday cats were strangled and strangled...”
So, Bulgakov’s Sharik made a dizzying leap: from stray dogs to orderlies to cleanse the city of stray dogs and cats.
The last, final chord of Sharikov’s activity is a denunciation-libel against Professor Preobrazhensky.
It should be noted that it was then, in the thirties, that denunciation became one of the foundations of a “socialist” society, which would be more correctly called totalitarian. Because only a totalitarian regime can be based on denunciation.
Sharikov is alien to conscience, shame, and morality. He lacks all human qualities except meanness, hatred, malice...
And Bulgakov concludes: wearing pants, having a name, surname and a job is not enough to be called a person. Professor Preobrazhensky is a thinking person, he has achieved a lot in this life, but he made a mistake with his experiment, interfering with nature.
