Jane Austen (English: Jane Austen, possibly spelled Austen, 1775–1817) - English writer, the herald of realism in British literature, the founder of the family, “ladies' novel”. Her books are recognized masterpieces and captivate with their artless sincerity and simplicity of plot against the backdrop of deep psychological insight into the souls of the characters and ironic, soft, truly “English” humor.
Jane Austen is still rightfully considered the “First Lady” of English literature. Her works are required reading in all colleges and universities in the UK.
Women place too much importance on a single admiring glance. And men try to support them in this delusion
Austin Jane
Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 in the town of Steventon, Hampshire. Her father, George Austin, was a parish priest.
He came from an old Kentish family and was an enlightened and widely educated man. His wife, Cassandra Lee, also belonged to an old but impoverished family. In addition to Jane, the family had six boys and one girl (Cassandra). Jane Austen was the second to last child.
Given the high infant mortality rate in those years, they all survived. The older brother, James, had a penchant for literary studies: wrote poetry, prose, but followed in his father’s footsteps.
A person can be proud without being vain. Pride is more likely associated with our own opinion of ourselves, while vanity is associated with the opinion of other people that we would like them to form about us.
Austin Jane
The family preferred not to talk about their second brother, George: he was mentally disabled and never learned to speak. For his sake, Jane learned the alphabet of the mutes. The third brother, Edward, was adopted by wealthy childless relatives of the Austin Knights, which opened up wide opportunities for him - he moved from the gentry class to the nobility class.
The brightest and most romantic fate was that of Jane Austen's fourth, beloved brother, Henry Thomas. A passionate and not very practical man, he tried many professions in his life: he served in the army, was a banker, at first he was successful, but then he went bankrupt and was ordained. He was married to Eliza de Feyde, the widow of a French nobleman who ended his days in the guillotine.
Eliza had a lot of influence on Jane. It is Eliza who owes her good knowledge French and French authors: La Rochefoucauld, Montaigne, La Bruyère, as well as a love for the theater.
Anyone who is interested in dancing has no trouble falling in love.
Austin Jane
Two other brothers, Francis and Charles, were sailors who rose to the rank of admiral.
But Jane and Cassandra had a special friendship. She shared all her plans with her. Cassandra, of course, knew the name of the man to whom Jane Austen remained faithful; Jane died in Cassandra's arms. Cassandra, like her sister, did not marry.
Her chosen one, the young priest Thomas Fowle, died of yellow fever in the West Indies, where he went in the hope of earning money for the upcoming wedding. When he died, Cassandra was only twenty-four years old.
Austin Jane
Much less definite information is available about the writer herself. The opinions of contemporaries even about her appearance are contradictory. Jane “is not at all pretty, she is prim for her twelve years, capricious and unnatural,” as her cousin Philadelphia said.
“She is attractive, good-looking, thin and graceful, only her cheeks are somewhat round,” said the brother of her close friend. Cassandra's portrait of Jane is similar to this description. Jane Austen loved dresses, balls, and fun.
Her letters are full of descriptions of hat styles, stories about new dresses and gentlemen. Fun was combined in her with a natural intelligence and a very good education, especially for a girl of her circle and position, who had not even graduated from school.
... neglecting common sense is the surest path to happiness.
Austin Jane
In the period from 1783 to 1786, she studied with Cassandra at Oxford, Southampton and Reading. Jane had no luck with schools; in the first, she and Cassandra suffered from the despotic temper of the headmistress and almost died after contracting typhus. Another school in Reading, on the contrary, was run by a very good-natured person, but the knowledge of the students was the last concern of her life.
Having returned his daughters home, George Austin decided to educate them himself and was very successful in this. Skillfully guiding their reading, he instilled in the girls a good literary taste and taught them to love classical authors, whom I knew well from the nature of my own occupation. Shakespeare, Goldsmith, Hume were read.
We must forgive selfish people. They are terminally ill.
Austin Jane
The formation of Jane Austen's personality took place in an intelligent environment - among books, constant conversations about them, discussions of what was read and what was happening.
Although the writer spent her entire short life in the provinces, Steventon, Bath, Chotin, Winchester, only occasionally traveling to London, the big world with its events and cataclysms: wars, uprisings, revolutions - constantly broke into the seemingly calm and measured existence of the daughter of an English priest.
The Napoleonic Wars were going on, the War of Independence in North America, England was gripped by the industrial revolution, the first Luddite speeches had already swept through it, Ireland was gripped by uprisings. Jane Austen maintained a lively correspondence with her brothers, their wives, children, distant relatives, and some of them were direct participants in historical events.
A man with nowhere to go own time, always, without the slightest twinge of conscience, encroaches on someone else’s property.
Austin Jane
The French Revolution radically changed the fate of Eliza de Feyde, brothers Charles and Francis went to war with France. Cassandra's fiancé died in the West Indies; For several years, the Austin family raised the son of former Indian governor Warren Hastings.
The letters were connected English province with revolutionary France, unfamiliar and distant America, exotic India and gave Jane Austen invaluable material for her novels.
But in none of them can you find a story about wars or revolutions, and the actions are never taken outside of England. But the fact that she was oriented in what was happening was especially noticeable in her last novel, Persuasion, where there were many sailors who had just returned to land after hostilities, distinguished themselves in battles, and sailed to the West Indies.
In anyone who has a desire to do something pleasant, much should be forgiven and much is forgiven.
Austin Jane
However, Austen did not consider herself competent to write in detail about the military operations and the beginning of the colonial expansion of England. Restraint is not only a trait creative appearance this writer, restraint is the basis of all her life position. And in this regard, it is important that Jane Austen came from a family that was very English in the atmosphere that reigned in it.
Here they knew how to feel deeply, but at the same time they were restrained in expressing feelings. Reverend George Osteen raised his daughters not only with Sunday sermons, but also with an everyday example - the spirit of a person should be above the hardships of life, illness, hunger, poverty, death.
Life hasn't been too kind to Austen. At thirty, Jane put on a cap, thereby announcing to the world that from now on she was an old maid, saying goodbye to hopes for personal happiness, although she had once been proposed to. The Austins were never rich, and after the death of their father, their circumstances became even more constrained. Jane took care of the family and helped her mother with housework.
It’s better to have no brains at all if you find a bad use for them.
Austin Jane
The writer died on July 18, 1817 in Winchester, where she went to be treated for Addison's disease. Before her death, she was trying to finish her last novel, Sanditon.
Juvenilia
* Three Sisters (story) (eng. The Three Sisters)
* Love and Freindship, with the famous misspelling of the word “friendship” in the title.
* The History of England
* The Beautifull Cassandra
Novels
* Sense and Sensibility, in Russian translation “Sense and Sensibility” (1811)
* Pride and Prejudice (1813)
* Mansfield Park (English: Mansfield Park) (1814)
* Emma (English: Emma) (1816)
* Persuasion (1817), published posthumously
* Northanger Abbey (1818), published posthumously
It is always unclear to one half of humanity why the other half likes something.
Austin Jane
Unfinished works
* Lady Susan, epistolary novel, unfinished
* The Watsons, not completed
* Sanditon, unfinished
There were two periods in Austen's work: 1795-1798. were created early novels; 1811-1816 - the period of writing famous novels such as Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility.
Film adaptations
* "Reason and Sensibility":
* “Sense and Sensibility”, 1971, TV movie, UK. Dir. - David Giles. Starring: Michael Eldridge, Sheila Ballantyne, Esme Church and others.
* “Sense and Sensibility”, 1981, mini-series, UK. Dir. - Rodney Bennett. Starring: Irene Richard, Tracy Childs, Bosco Hogan and others.
* “Sense and Sensibility”, 1995, UK, USA. Dir. - Ang Lee. Starring: Emma Thompson, Kate Winslet, Alan Rickman, Hugh Grant. (Oscar Award - Best Adapted Screenplay).
* “Find Yourself” (ind. Kandukondain), 2000, film, India. Dir. - Rajeev Mennon. Cast: Mammooti, Ajith, Tabu, etc.
* “Sense and Sensibility”, 2008, mini-series, UK. Dir. - John Alexander. Starring: Hattie Morahan, Charity Wakefield, David Morrissey, Dan Stevens, Janet McTeer and others (Premiere (world) - January 1, 2008).
* "Pride and Prejudice":
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1938, TV movie, UK, b/w. Elizabeth Bennet is played by Curigwen Lewis.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1940, USA. Laurence Olivier plays Mr. Darcy and Greer Garson plays Elizabeth Bennet. (Academy Award" - Best work production designer).
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1952, TV series, UK, b/w. Peter Cushing plays Mr. Darcy and Anne Baskett plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1958, TV series, UK, b/w. Starring Elizabeth Bennet as Jane Downs.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1967, TV series, UK. Celia Bannerman plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1980, TV series, UK. Elizabeth Garvie plays the role of Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1995, TV series, UK. Jennifer Ealy plays Elizabeth Bennet and Colin Firth plays Mr. Darcy.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 2003, USA. (Adaptation with a transfer of the scene to modern times). Cam Heskin plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* Bride and Prejudice, 2004, UK, USA. (Adaptation with a transfer of the scene to India). Starring Aishwarya Rai.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 2005, France, UK. Keira Knightley plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Lost in Austen”, 2008, TV series, UK. (Adaptation).
* "Mansfield Park":
* “Mansfield Park”, 1983, TV series, UK. Dir. - David Giles. Cast: Sylvester Le Touzel, Nicholas Farrell, Samantha Bond, Liz Crowther, Angela Pleasence, Anna Massey, Bernard Hepton.
* "Mansfield Park", 1999, UK. Frances O'Connor plays Fanny.
* “Mansfield Park”, 2007, TV film, UK, BBC. Billie Piper plays Fanny and Blake Ritson plays Edmund.
* "Emma":
* “Emma”, 1948, TV film, UK, b/w. Judy Campbell plays Emma.
* “Emma”, 1960, TV film, UK, b/w. Emma is played by Diana Fairfax.
* “Emma”, 1972, TV series, UK. Emma is played by Doran Godwin.
* “Clueless”, 1995, USA. (Adaptation with a transfer of the scene to modern times).
* “Emma”, 1996, UK, USA. Emma is played by Gwyneth Paltrow. (Oscar Award for Best Music).
* “Emma”, 1996, TV film, UK. Kate Beckinsale plays Emma.
* “Emma”, 2009, TV series, UK. Dir. - Jim O'Hanlon, George Ormond. Cast: Romola Garai, Jonny Lee Miller, Christina Cole.
* "Northanger Abbey":
* “Northanger Abbey”, 1986, TV series, UK.
* “Northanger Abbey”, 2007, TV film, UK.
* "Reason":
* “Persuasion”, 1960, TV series, UK, b/w. Starring Anne Elliot as Daphne Slater.
* “Persuasion”, 1971, TV series, UK. In the role of Anne Elliot - Anne Firbank.
* “Persuasion”, 1995, TV film, UK. Amanda Root plays Anne Elliot and Ciaran Hinds plays Captain Wentworth.
* “Persuasion”, 2007, TV film, UK. Sally Hawkins plays Anne Elliot and Rupert Penry-Jones plays Captain Wentworth.
Filmography
Films about Jane Austen:
* “Miss Austen Regrets”, 2007, UK. Directed by Jeremy Lovering and starring Olivia Williams as Jane.
* “Jane Austen”, 2007, UK. Directed by Julian Jarrold, Anne Hathaway stars as Jane.
Jane Austen (possibly spelled Austen, 1775-1817) - English writer, herald of realism in British literature, the founder of the family, “ladies' novel”. Her books are recognized masterpieces and captivate with their artless sincerity and simplicity of plot against the backdrop of deep psychological insight into the souls of the characters and ironic, soft, truly “English” humor.
Jane Austen is still rightfully considered the “First Lady” of English literature. Her works are required reading in all colleges and universities in the UK.
Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 in the town of Steventon, Hampshire. Her father, George Austin, was a parish priest.
He came from an old Kentish family and was an enlightened and widely educated man. His wife, Cassandra Lee, also belonged to an old but impoverished family. In addition to Jane, the family had six boys and one girl (Cassandra). Jane Austen was the second to last child.
Given the high infant mortality rate in those years, they all survived. The elder brother, James, had a penchant for literary pursuits: he wrote poetry and prose, but followed in his father’s footsteps.
The family preferred not to talk about their second brother, George: he was mentally disabled and never learned to speak. For his sake, Jane learned the alphabet of the mutes. The third brother, Edward, was adopted by wealthy childless relatives of the Austin Knights, which opened up wide opportunities for him - he moved from the gentry class to the nobility class.
The brightest and most romantic fate was that of Jane Austen's fourth, beloved brother, Henry Thomas. A passionate and not very practical man, he tried many professions in his life: he served in the army, was a banker, at first he was successful, but then he went bankrupt and was ordained. He was married to Eliza de Feyde, the widow of a French nobleman who ended his days in the guillotine.
Eliza had a lot of influence on Jane. It is to Eliza that she owes a good knowledge of the French language and French authors: La Rochefoucauld, Montaigne, La Bruyère, as well as a love of theater.
Two other brothers, Francis and Charles, were sailors who rose to the rank of admiral.
But Jane and Cassandra had a special friendship. She shared all her plans with her. Cassandra, of course, knew the name of the man to whom Jane Austen remained faithful; Jane died in Cassandra's arms. Cassandra, like her sister, did not marry.
Her chosen one, the young priest Thomas Fowle, died of yellow fever in the West Indies, where he went in the hope of earning money for the upcoming wedding. When he died, Cassandra was only twenty-four years old.
Much less definite information is available about the writer herself. The opinions of contemporaries even about her appearance are contradictory. Jane “is not at all pretty, she is prim for her twelve years, capricious and unnatural,” as her cousin Philadelphia said.
“She is attractive, good-looking, thin and graceful, only her cheeks are somewhat round,” said the brother of her close friend. Cassandra's portrait of Jane is similar to this description. Jane Austen loved dresses, balls, and fun.
Her letters are full of descriptions of hat styles, stories about new dresses and gentlemen. Fun was combined in her with a natural intelligence and a very good education, especially for a girl of her circle and position, who had not even graduated from school.
In the period from 1783 to 1786, she studied with Cassandra at Oxford, Southampton and Reading. Jane had no luck with schools; in the first, she and Cassandra suffered from the despotic temper of the headmistress and almost died after contracting typhus. Another school in Reading, on the contrary, was run by a very good-natured person, but the knowledge of the students was the last concern of her life.
Having returned his daughters home, George Austin decided to educate them himself and was very successful in this. Skillfully guiding their reading, he instilled in the girls a good literary taste and taught them to love classical authors, whom he knew well from his own occupation. Shakespeare, Goldsmith, Hume were read.
The formation of Jane Austen's personality took place in an intelligent environment - among books, constant conversations about them, discussions of what was read and what was happening.
Although the writer spent her entire short life in the provinces, Steventon, Bath, Chotin, Winchester, only occasionally traveling to London, Big world with its events and cataclysms: wars, uprisings, revolutions - constantly burst into the seemingly calm and measured existence of the daughter of an English priest.
There were Napoleonic Wars, the War of Independence in North America, England was gripped by the industrial revolution, the first performances of the Luddites had already swept through it, Ireland was gripped by uprisings. Jane Austen maintained a lively correspondence with her brothers, their wives, children, distant relatives, and some of them were direct participants in historical events.
The French Revolution radically changed the fate of Eliza de Feyde, brothers Charles and Francis went to war with France. Cassandra's fiancé died in the West Indies; For several years, the Austin family raised the son of former Indian governor Warren Hastings.
Letters connected the English province with revolutionary France, unfamiliar and distant America, exotic India and provided Jane Austen with invaluable material for her novels.
But in none of them can you find a story about wars or revolutions, and the actions are never taken outside of England. But the fact that she was oriented in what was happening was especially noticeable in her last novel, Persuasion, where there were many sailors who had just returned to land after hostilities, distinguished themselves in battles, and sailed to the West Indies.
However, Austen did not consider herself competent to write in detail about the military operations and the beginning of the colonial expansion of England. Restraint is not only a feature of this writer’s creative appearance; restraint is the basis of her entire life position. And in this regard, it is important that Jane Austen came from a family that was very English in the atmosphere that reigned in it.
Here they knew how to feel deeply, but at the same time they were restrained in expressing feelings. Reverend George Osteen raised his daughters not only with Sunday sermons, but also with an everyday example - the spirit of a person should be above the hardships of life, illness, hunger, poverty, death.
Life hasn't been too kind to Austen. At thirty, Jane put on a cap, thereby announcing to the world that from now on she was an old maid, saying goodbye to hopes for personal happiness, although she had once been proposed to. The Austins were never rich, and after the death of their father, their circumstances became even more constrained. Jane took care of the family and helped her mother with housework.
The writer died on July 18, 1817 in Winchester, where she went to be treated for Addison's disease. Before her death, she was trying to finish her last novel, Sanditon.
— Youth works
* Three Sisters (story) (eng. The Three Sisters)
* Love and Freindship, with the famous misspelling of the word “friendship” in the title.
* The History of England
* The Beautifull Cassandra
— Novels
* Sense and Sensibility, in Russian translation “Sense and Sensibility” (1811)
* Pride and Prejudice (1813)
* Mansfield Park (English: Mansfield Park) (1814)
* Emma (English: Emma) (1816)
* Persuasion (1817), published posthumously
* Northanger Abbey (1818), published posthumously
— Unfinished works
* Lady Susan, epistolary novel, unfinished
* The Watsons, not completed
* Sanditon, unfinished
There were two periods in Austen's work: 1795-1798. early novels were created; 1811-1816 - the period of writing famous novels such as Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility.
— Screen adaptations
* "Reason and Sensibility":
* “Sense and Sensibility”, 1971, TV movie, UK. Dir. — David Giles. Starring: Michael Eldridge, Sheila Ballantyne, Esme Church and others.
* “Sense and Sensibility”, 1981, mini-series, UK. Dir. — Rodney Bennett. Starring: Irene Richard, Tracy Childs, Bosco Hogan and others.
* “Sense and Sensibility”, 1995, UK, USA. Dir. — Ang Lee. Starring: Emma Thompson, Kate Winslet, Alan Rickman, Hugh Grant. (Oscar Award - Best Adapted Screenplay).
* “Find Yourself” (ind. Kandukondain), 2000, film, India. Dir. — Rajeev Mennon. Cast: Mammooti, Ajith, Tabu, etc.
* “Sense and Sensibility”, 2008, mini-series, UK. Dir. — John Alexander. Starring: Hattie Morahan, Charity Wakefield, David Morrissey, Dan Stevens, Janet McTeer and others (Premiere (world) - January 1, 2008).
* "Pride and Prejudice":
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1938, TV movie, UK, b/w. Elizabeth Bennet is played by Curigwen Lewis.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1940, USA. Laurence Olivier plays Mr. Darcy and Greer Garson plays Elizabeth Bennet. (Oscar Award - Best Production Design).
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1952, TV series, UK, b/w. Peter Cushing plays Mr. Darcy and Anne Baskett plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1958, TV series, UK, b/w. Jane Downs plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1967, TV series, UK. Celia Bannerman plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1980, TV series, UK. Elizabeth Garvie plays the role of Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 1995, TV series, UK. Jennifer Ealy plays Elizabeth Bennet and Colin Firth plays Mr. Darcy.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 2003, USA. (Adaptation with a transfer of the scene to modern times). Cam Heskin plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* Bride and Prejudice, 2004, UK, USA. (Adaptation with a transfer of the scene to India). Starring Aishwarya Rai.
* “Pride and Prejudice”, 2005, France, UK. Keira Knightley plays Elizabeth Bennet.
* “Lost in Austen”, 2008, TV series, UK. (Adaptation).
* "Mansfield Park":
* “Mansfield Park”, 1983, TV series, UK. Dir. — David Giles. Cast: Sylvester Le Touzel, Nicholas Farrell, Samantha Bond, Liz Crowther, Angela Pleasence, Anna Massey, Bernard Hepton.
* "Mansfield Park", 1999, UK. Frances O'Connor plays Fanny.
* “Mansfield Park”, 2007, TV film, UK, BBC. Billie Piper plays Fanny and Blake Ritson plays Edmund.
* "Emma":
* “Emma”, 1948, TV film, UK, b/w. Emma is played by Judy Campbell.
* “Emma”, 1960, TV film, UK, b/w. Emma is played by Diana Fairfax.
* “Emma”, 1972, TV series, UK. Emma is played by Doran Godwin.
* “Clueless”, 1995, USA. (Adaptation with a transfer of the scene to modern times).
* “Emma”, 1996, UK, USA. Emma is played by Gwyneth Paltrow. (Oscar Award for Best Music).
* “Emma”, 1996, TV film, UK. Kate Beckinsale plays Emma.
* “Emma”, 2009, TV series, UK. Dir. — Jim O'Hanlon, George Ormond. Cast: Romola Garai, Jonny Lee Miller, Christina Cole.
* "Northanger Abbey":
* “Northanger Abbey”, 1986, TV series, UK.
* “Northanger Abbey”, 2007, TV film, UK.
* "Reason":
* “Persuasion”, 1960, TV series, UK, b/w. Anne Elliot is played by Daphne Slater.
* “Persuasion”, 1971, TV series, UK. Anne Firbank plays Anne Elliot.
* “Persuasion”, 1995, TV movie, UK. Amanda Root plays Anne Elliot and Ciaran Hinds plays Captain Wentworth.
* “Persuasion”, 2007, TV film, UK. Sally Hawkins plays Anne Elliot and Rupert Penry-Jones plays Captain Wentworth.
— Filmography
Films about Jane Austen:
* “Miss Austen Regrets”, 2007, UK. Directed by Jeremy Lovering and starring Olivia Williams as Jane.
* “Jane Austen”, 2007, UK. Directed by Julian Jarrold, Anne Hathaway stars as Jane.
Other:
* 1980 - “Jane Austen in Manhattan.” UK-USA film. Director: James Ivory. Cast: Anne Baxter, Robert Powell, Michael Wager and others.
* 2002 - The Real Jane Austen. UK, TV movie. Directed by Nicky Pattison. Starring: Anna Chancellor, Gillian Kearney and others.
* 2007 - “The Jane Austen Book Club.” Directed by Robin Swicord. Starring: Maria Bello, Emily Blunt, Kathy Baker and others.
* 2008 - “Jane Austen's Book Comes to Life.” UK, mini-series. Directed by Dan Zeff. Starring: Jemima Rooper, Elliot Cowan, Hugh Bonneville, Christina Cole and others.
— Bibliography
* Kettle A., Introduction to the history of the English novel, M., 1966;
* Belsky A. A., English novel of the 1800-1810s, Perm, 1968, p. 47-107;
* Jane Austen. The critical heritage. Ed. by B. C. Southam, L.-N. Y., (1969);
* Mansell D., The novels of Jane Austen, L., 1973;
* Chapman R. W., Jane Austen. A critical bibliography, 2 ed., L., 1969;
* Hardwick M., The Osprey guide to Jane Austen, Reading, (1973).
Jane Austen is still rightfully considered the “First Lady” of English literature. She tried all forms of novelistic prose. Her works are included in the compulsory curriculum in all colleges and universities in the UK. Her most famous works considered: , (a novel that impressed Walter Scott himself), “Persuasion.”
Childhood
In the winter of 1775, or rather on December 16, Jane Austen was born in the town of Steventon, Hampshire (in South-Eastern England). Her father was a local priest, her mother came from an ancient impoverished small noble family. The Austin family had eight children (among them only two daughters - Jane and Cassandra). Jane was the second to last child in the family. Despite the difficult time, none of the children in the family died in infancy. In the priest's house, no one was kept at bay, but on the contrary, amateur performances were staged there. From time to time they read novels, and young Jane read out her comic stories there.
There is not enough information about the writer, and even that information does not agree even with regard to Jane’s appearance. Based on information from some sources, she was quite attractive; based on others, she was plain. The writer loved masquerades and balls, colorful dresses and various fashionable outfits. IN school years The Austen sisters contracted typhus, which nearly killed the girls. In addition, the quality of their education did not suit the father; As a result, he took up their science himself, in which he achieved stunning success. Jane also owes her education to Eliza, the wife of her most beloved brother Henry. She taught the young writer French skills and a love of good books. Jane Austen was formed thanks to an intelligent environment - among books, constant conversations about them, discussions of what was read and what was happening.
Creation
Austen's work can be divided into two periods. Between these periods there is a fairly large 10-year gap, during which 25-year-old Jane had to leave family nest. The first period is 1795-1798, when the early novels were created, and the second is 1811-1816, a remarkably rich period of first successful works and deepening mastery.
Jane never married, although in 1795 she had an affair with law student Thomas Lefroy, who later became Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. The young people never got engaged because it would have been impractical for their families. At thirty, Jane put on a cap, which meant only one thing: from now on she was an old maid who no longer hoped to acquire her own happiness.
Death
The legendary English writer passed away from our world on July 18 in Winchester in 1817 in the arms of her closest sister, Cassandra. The cause of her death is so unknown. According to some surviving descriptions, she showed signs of a cancerous tumor, according to another it was Addison’s disease, according to a third, from tuberculosis, which she contracted from cows. Jane Austen is buried in Winchester Cathedral, near the middle of the north nave, in the building she so admired. Unfortunately, she was never able to finish work on her last novel -.
Interesting Facts:
For the sake of her second brother George, Jane learned the alphabet of the mutes, since he had mental disabilities.
At age fourteen, Jane wrote her first skit, a joke called "Love and Friendship."
Austen's favorite poet was Cowper.
My father was very supportive young talent, buying writing materials with the last money.
Jane was a very good sewer, so she sewed for the whole family.
During her lifetime, the young writer published her works under the pseudonym: “a certain Lady D”
Surprisingly, the first collection of Jane Austen's works was published exactly one hundred years after her death.
Jein Austen Career: Writer
Birth: Great Britain" Steventon, 16.12.1775 - 18.7
Jane Austen is an English writer, a classic of English and world literature, the founder of the family, “ladies' novel.” Born on December 16, 1775. Jane Austen's books “Sense and Sensibility” (1811), “Pride and Prejudice” (1813), “Mansfield Park” (1814) “Emma” (1815) are considered recognized masterpieces and captivate with their artless sincerity and simplicity plot, against the backdrop of deep psychological insight into the souls of the characters and ironic, soft, truly “English” humor. Jane Austen is still rightfully considered the “First Lady” of English literature. Her works are required reading in all colleges and universities in the UK. Austen's work is distinguished by a constant striving for perfection. For the first time, she used the “outside view”, “voice of the author” in the novel genre. She died at the age of 42 years. Her last novel, “Senditon” (1817), even as an unfinished excerpt, arouses genuine interest among the reader.
She was called: “the incomparable Jane,” English young ladies of noble and ignorant families were brought up and tested on her novels, their literary taste was honed, she still attracts and enchants filmmakers, memorial centers and museums and literary clubs named after her are being created all over the world. Moreover, there is a website on the Internet, one that is updated every day - weekly critical articles and essay, dedicated to creativity Miss British Novel!
But, I’m afraid that her existence is still the same mystery for us as it once was, as it was more than two hundred years ago!
Not much is known about her, although Jane’s family, devoted to her memory, reverently preserved her writings: all of them, including unfinished passages!
But here’s the thing: she didn’t keep any diaries, and her letters were either not preserved or were buried in archives. And translating documents from almost three hundred years ago into Russian seems boring to many, if not worthless. I will try to tell you the little that I managed to discover, compose, systematize, and generalize. What I had a chance to reflect on and managed to draw conclusions. It's up to you to judge whether it worked:
Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire, England, in the family of a rural pastor. Besides her, there were six more brothers and a sister in the family. Due to lack of funds, Jane could not accept a systematic education, but, possessing remarkable talent and strong will, an open and cheerful character, she did a lot of self-education, read and, together with her brothers and sister, analyzed what she read, writing everything down in notebooks. In the family of a rural priest, they not only read the Bible and spiritual books, but also performed performances - charades, jokes and skits, read novels and argued about what they read, enthusiastically and sympathetically listening to the opinion of Jane, who could capture the essence of the book she read in two or three words and with an indescribable sense of humor in their faces, retell a few scenes from the novel from memory.
At the age of fourteen, Jane wrote her first parody - a joke called "Love and Friendship" - on 18th century didactic opuses with sentimentally dull heroes and heroines smelling roses, sobbing over them, and fainting every five minutes!
Why - novels! She also composed a great parody - a pamphlet on O. Goldsmith's "History of England" - the fundamental work of a historian and political scientist! This dusty tome was kept in a closet in her father’s office, and Jane took the time to examine it, meticulously and sensitively. A local doctor who came to visit her father listened for a long time and with interest to Jane’s reading, praised her for reading interesting, serious books, and when he learned that the girl presented to his attention her personal humorous work, he laughed in amazement, shaking his white-haired head in amazement , and later he spent a long time telling his neighbors-patients about how smart little Jane, the pastor’s daughter, is, not only can she collect bouquets and pour tea into porcelain cups!
However, housework also gave Jane pleasure. There is evidence that, living quite secluded and secluded, rarely traveling outside the estate, she nevertheless maintained a smooth and amiable disposition, a smile under no circumstances left her face, and until the end of her days, darkened serious illness - no matter how much it is forbidden to judge from the documents, she had signs of a cancerous tumor, with severe metastases throughout the body (author) - she remained the favorite of her nephews, brothers, mother and, especially, father!
Neither she nor her sister had a chance to get married. Whether Miss Jane’s meager dowry played a role here, or her outward ugliness, or the great level of independence and intelligence that was almost immediately noticeable in her, is hard to judge.
It is unknown whether Jane herself had sincere feelings for anyone. She preferred to lock her soul and heart, openly, fully, expressing herself only in her books, which became famous during her lifetime. By the way, she published them all under the pseudonym: “a certain Lady D” and, of course, could not fully enjoy her fame, but, nevertheless, having read in English newspapers an analysis of her novel “Emma” by Sir Walter Scott himself, (he reviewed the book almost this minute after its release, in 1816 - the author) she felt truly happy!
Walter Scott, reviewing the writer’s final novel, published during her lifetime, noted that the main thing in Austen’s works is “the subtlest touch, thanks to which, moreover, vulgar events and characters become interesting from the truthfulness of the descriptions and feelings.” Austen doesn't put himself above his characters. She just teases them a little. There are no absolutely bad people in Emma. Even the slob Frank Churchill finds a decent apology and a wonderful missus. Such a complacent attitude towards the characters apparently comes from the character of the author herself - she had a wonderful sense of humor and irony, but she was constantly restrained by tact and rare kindness, as a result - irony could rarely turn into sarcasm.
Another time, Jane is noted to have a certain predilection for the theme of “hunting for suitors,” which she develops and shows from different angles in most of her novels. Even tactlessly, as the reason for such an obsessive plot of the works, the “old maidenhood” of Jane Austen herself is mentioned!
But, I think, the final fact did not have any significance in this place.
Jane Austen - a master of everyday life, a master of the finest depiction of characters and faces through the prism of irony, humor, unobtrusive reasoning, shows us with the help of a “simple chronicle of the life of two or three families” the history of feelings and souls, the struggle between dark and light in a person’s character, somewhere maybe a story national type, the history of the country through a piece of life individual, the whole history of an era in one, roughly outlined, memorable character.
What are the heroes of the novel “Pride and Prejudice” worth: Miss Elizabeth Bennet, her dad, always immersed in thoughts and books; disheveled and always clucking like a hen, a mother concerned only with secular gossip and an easy arrangement for the fate of her daughters! Or the caricature of the young girl from Northanger Abbey, who was obsessed with Gothic horror novels and seriously believed that real life was also full of mystical ghosts!
Jane perfected her close skills all the way. She tried several forms of the novel and they were all finished, moreover, if they remained magically imperfect under her light and flying pen, which increasingly fell out of her thin fingers: due to periodic pain, she could no longer hold it for long!
She tried all forms of novel prose; moreover, she wrote little novel- a short story in letters "Lady Suzanne" - a dazzling and intriguing portrait of a heartless society lady and an epic novel (in small form) "Mansfield Park", with a lot of characters and many storylines. Both novels were extremely popular; London's social drawing rooms never tired of wondering who this mysterious lady was, giving readers a new book every year - one more interesting than the other! They borrowed novels from a friend, read them until they became old, the young ladies reasoned and behaved like the heroines of “Lady D,” and she still enjoyed the silence of the small estate and was quietly fading away, despite all the attempts of her relatives to help her. Outwardly, her existence was uneventful. She lived hundreds of other lives in her books, where her heroines laughed, fell in love, ironized and made fun of themselves and their loved ones, despaired and fought for their love to the end.
Was the “lady of the English novel” happy in her own way? Maybe yes. She did not put herself above her heroines. I didn’t identify myself with them. She effortlessly created her own personal world, in which she lived not only “by the right of the author,” but also “by the right of feeling and heartfelt attraction.” And it continues to exist to this day.
Jane died on July 18, 1817 in Winchester. Before her death, she tried to complete her last novel, Sanditon.
She left only a few pages unfinished, leaving her readers with the eternal mystery of the name: “Jane Austen.” The writer's family conscientiously collected and stored everything she wrote. Even rough scraps. These three thick hand-bound volumes became the basis for the complete works of Jane Austen, published smoothly a hundred years after her death!
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English novelist, famous for her witty and insightful depictions of provincial society.
Born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon (Hampshire), in the family of a priest. In the priest's house there were not at all prim morals; amateur performances were staged there; read novels with enthusiasm when reading novels was still considered a dubious activity; the youth listened enthusiastically comic writings Jane.
Having received almost no formal education, Jane read widely and, at the age of fourteen, could write funny and edifying parodies of various recognized examples of 18th-century literature. – from sentimental novels to O. Goldsmith's History of England.
In Austen's work, two periods of fruitful activity are clearly visible, separated by a rather long break: 1795-1798, when the early novels were created, and 1811-1816, a strikingly intense period of first dizzying successes and deepening mastery, when Sense and Sensibility was revised and prepared for publication. and Pride and Prejudice and wrote the last three completed novels - Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion.
Since all of Jane Austen’s novels were published anonymously, on behalf of a certain “lady,” she, of course, could not enjoy great literary fame, but three novels went through two editions during her lifetime; Pride and Prejudice was especially praised, and Walter Scott himself spoke approvingly of Emma.
However, her success and creativity do not seem to have had much influence on Miss Austen’s life. As far as one can judge from her letters and the memories of her relatives, until the very end she remained, first of all, a cheerful, attentive, gentle and affectionately ironic daughter, sister and aunt in her great and loving family. Jane Austen died in Winchester on July 18, 1817.
The youthful works of Jane Austen differ from the first experiences of most other authors in that they are often funny in themselves, regardless of the features of her later work discernible in them. For example, Love and Friendship, a work composed at the age of fourteen, is a hilarious parody of melodramatic opuses of the 18th century. Among Jane's youthful writings, preserved by her family and published in three volumes more than a hundred years after her death, there are other rather witty works. These, without detracting from its literary merits, include Northanger Abbey (published 1818), since this novel was written as a parody of the then very popular “Gothic novel” and in style, material and time of writing is close to Jane’s youthful works Osten. In Northanger Abbey we are talking about a naive young lady who went crazy reading “Gothic novels” and imagined that in real life, if you look at it, sinister mysticism also reigns.
Sense and Sensibility (1811) begins as a parody of the melodramatic works of the last century, which the writer had already ridiculed in Love and Friendship, but then develops in a completely unexpected direction. The message of the novel, lying on the surface, is that sensitivity - enthusiasm, openness, responsiveness - is dangerous if it is not tempered by caution and prudence - a warning that is quite appropriate from the lips of a writer who grew up in a priest's house. Therefore, Marianne, the embodiment of sensitivity, passionately falls in love with a charming gentleman, who turns out to be a scoundrel; Meanwhile, her sensible sister Elinor chooses a completely reliable young man as the object of her affection, for which she ultimately receives a reward in the form of a legal marriage.
Pride and Prejudice (1813) - one of the most famous English novels. This is Jane Austen's undisputed masterpiece. Here, for the first time, she is in complete control of her passions and capabilities; moralizing considerations do not intrude into the analysis and characterization of characters; the plot gives scope to her sense of the comic and the author's sympathies. Pride and Prejudice is a novel about the hunt for suitors, and this theme is illuminated by the author from all sides and explored in all outcomes - comic, mundane, emotional, practical, hopeless, romantic, common sense and even (in the case of Mr. Bennet) tragic.
In the interval between two periods, when large-scale works were created one after another, in 1803–1805, Jane Austen wrote two unique opuses: Lady Susannah - a short novel in letters, in the spirit of the merciless humor of her youthful works, bright , a caustic portrait of a heartless society lady; The Watsons - not too much interesting fragment novel, again touching on the theme of hunting for suitors, but in the most serious, strict tone, anticipating her next completed novel. Mansfield Park (1814) – the most major work Jane Austen, with a diverse cast of characters and a wide thematic scope.
Emma (Emma, 1815) is considered the pinnacle of Jane Austen's work, the clearest example of her comic writing. The theme of the novel is self-deception. The reader is given the opportunity to follow the changes that occur with the charming Emma, turning from an arrogant, narcissistic young commander into a humble, repentant young lady, ready to marry a man who is able to protect her from her own mistakes.
Persuasion (Persuasion, publ. 1818), Jane Austen's last completed novel, is again radically different from its predecessor. But this is not a turn towards Mansfield Park, but an appeal to as yet unexplored areas, only touched upon in passing by the character of Marianne Dashwood in Sense and Sensibility. The novelty of the Arguments of Reason lies in the serious and compassionate attitude towards feeling. And in Sanditon (published 1925), a work that Jane Austen undertook a few months before her death and which remains an intriguing fragment, it talks about how appearances can be deceptive and how difficult it is to make a fair judgment, all with such technical fearlessness and with such plasticity that, it seems, one could expect even more from this book than was achieved in Pride and Prejudice and in Emma.
