The image of a Russian woman occupies a significant place in Nekrasov’s work. The heroines of his poems and poems were both simple peasant women and princesses. They all created unique image Nekrasov’s “majestic Slavic woman”, in appearance which embodied popular ideas about a real beauty:
Gorgeous the world is a wonder
Blush, slim, tall,
She is beautiful in any clothes,
Dexterous for any job.
Nekrasov’s Russian woman is also distinguished by her spiritual wealth. In the image of a Russian peasant woman, the poet showed a person of high moral qualities, who does not lose faith, and is not broken by any sorrows. Nekrasov praises her fortitude in life trials, pride, dignity, care for family and children.
These qualities of a Russian woman are most fully revealed in the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” This woman herself tells us from the pages of the poem about her difficult fate. Her story contains the everyday hardships of all Russian peasant women of that time: constant humiliation, separation from her husband, the suffering of a mother who lost her son, eternal poverty... But she can endure everything:
I went with anger in my heart,
And I didn’t say too much
A word to no one.
But Matryona Timofeevna has not lost her self-esteem; in her story one can also hear protest (“They have no soul in their chest... There is no cross on their neck!”). Not easy woman's destiny she compares white, red and black silk with three loops and says to the wanderers: “You have not started a business - to look for a happy woman among women!”
This is confirmed by the fate of Daria, described by Nekrasov in the poem “Frost, Red Nose”. We see the difficult lot of a peasant woman who has taken on all the men’s work and dies as a result. Her fate is also perceived as a typical fate of a Russian woman:
Fate had three hard parts,
And the first part: to marry a slave,
Second- to be the mother of a slave's son,
And the third is to submit to the slave until the grave,
And all these formidable shares fell
To a woman of Russian soil.
Taking care of the family, raising children, working around the house and in the field, even the hardest work - all of this fell on Daria. But she did not break under this weight. In the image of Daria Nekrasov showed best features a Russian woman in whom external attractiveness was combined with internal moral wealth.
This is exactly what the poet admires. He says about Russian peasant women that “the dirt of the wretched situation does not seem to stick to them.” Such a woman “endures both hunger and cold.” There is still room for compassion in her soul. Daria went many miles behind miraculous icon, which could cure her husband, and Matryona Timofeevna forgives Savely the hero for his mistake, which led to the death of her child.
The heroine Nekrasova is capable of moral feat. This is confirmed by the images of princesses Trubetskoy and Volkonskaya, created in the poem “Russian Women”. In this poem, Nekrasov sang the feat of the wives of the Decembrists, who divided sad fate their husbands. We see how all the governor’s arguments in a conversation with Princess Trubetskoy (“Let the husband be the one to blame... But why should you endure... why?”, “You run after him. Like a pathetic slave”) are broken by the firmness of the princess’s acceptance solutions. In difficult times, she should be next to her husband. And no hardships along this path will stop her. The same can be said about Princess Volkonskaya, whose life is full of “sad losses.” “I shared the joy with him, I must share the prison... So heaven wills it!..” says the heroine. Her words contain both love and a sense of duty.
The fact that Nekrasov replaced the original title of the poem “Decembrists” with the generalized “Russian Women” speaks for itself. Best qualities inherent in the heroines of this poem - fortitude, the ability to sacrifice oneself, will - these are the traits of a Russian woman, no matter what social class she belongs to. The poet pays tribute to the moral beauty and feat of the Russian woman:
And if I filled my life with struggle
For the ideal of goodness and beauty
And bears the song composed by me
Living love has beautiful features.
O my mother, I am moved by you,
You saved the vital soul in me.
(Based on the poems "Frost, Red Nose", "Russian Women")
A beauty that is a wonder to the world, Blush, slender, tall, Beautiful in all clothes, Dexterous in any work.
N. A. Nekrasov
“The Great Slav” became the heroine of many poems and poems by N. A. Nekrasov; they are all imbued with deep compassion for her fate. The poet suffers with her from backbreaking work and moral humiliation. However, it cannot be said that the Russian woman appears in Nekrasov’s poems only in the image of a peasant woman tortured by work, whose fate was reflected in all the social contradictions of the country. There is another type of woman in Nekrasov’s poetry, in which folk ideas about a real beauty are embodied, strongly built, ruddy, lively, hardworking. Nekrasov draws attention to inner beauty, the spiritual wealth of a Russian peasant woman:
There are women in Russian villages With calm importance on their faces, With beautiful strength in their movements, With a gait, with the look of queens.
In the image of a Russian woman, Nekrasov glorifies perseverance, pride, dignity, care for the family and children.
This type was most fully revealed by Nekrasov in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” in the image of Matryona Korchagina.
One of the parts is called “Peasant Woman,” in which Matryona herself talks about her fate. This story reflects all the life hardships of a Russian woman: separation from
husband, eternal humiliation, suffering of a mother who lost her son, fires, loss of livestock, crop failure. However, these trials did not break her spirit; she retained her human dignity.
The image of Matryona Timofeevna is presented in the poem in dynamics, in development. So, for example, in the story with Demushka, at first, in a fit of despair, she is ready to endure everything:
And then I submitted, I bowed at my feet...
The character of the heroine is tempered precisely in these difficult trials. This is a woman of great intelligence, selfless, strong-willed, decisive. In the characteristics of Matryona they are widely used folklore genres: songs, cries, lamentations. They help to express pain and melancholy, to show more clearly the bitter life of Matryona Timofeevna.
In her speech there are folklore features: repetitions, constant epithets, exclamation forms, addresses, an abundance of diminutives. These features make Matryona’s speech uniquely individual and give it a special liveliness and emotionality. This is the image of a peasant woman not only strong spirit, but also gifted and talented.
Matryona's story about her life is a story about the fate of any peasant woman, a long-suffering Russian woman. The chapter itself is not named after her, but “Peasant Woman.” This emphasizes that Matryona’s fate is not an exception to the rule, but a typical fate of millions of Russian peasant women.
Describing the type of “stately Slavic woman,” Nekrasov finds such women not only among peasants. The best spiritual qualities- willpower, ability to love, loyalty - make Matryona similar to the heroines of the poem “Russian Women”.
This work consists of two parts: the first is dedicated to Princess Trubetskoy, and the second to Princess Volkonskaya.
Nekrasov shows Princess Trubetskoy as if from the outside, depicts the external difficulties encountered on her
ways. No wonder central place This part is occupied by a scene with the governor frightening the princess with the deprivations awaiting her:
With careful, hard crackers, And with life locked up, With shame, with horror, with the labor of a staged path...
All the governor’s arguments about the hardships of life in Siberia fade away and lose their strength in front of the heroine’s courage, her ardent willingness to be faithful to her duty. Serving a higher goal, fulfilling a sacred duty for it is higher than everything purely personal:
But I know: my love for my homeland is my rival...
The narration in the second part of the poem is told in the first person - on behalf of Princess Volkonskaya. Thanks to this, you understand more clearly the depth of suffering that the heroine endured. In this part there is also a dispute equal in tension to the conversation between the governor and Trubetskoy:
- - You are recklessly abandoning everyone, for what? - I am doing my duty, father.
At the same time, the predestined fate of the heroine is emphasized:
I must share the joy with him, I must share the prison, it’s heaven’s will!
The description of the Decembrists is similar to the description of the Christian martyrs and Christ himself:
I will not appear to be the executioner of the Free and the Saints.
ANDI loved him like Christ
In his prison clothes
Now he constantly stands in front of me,
Shining with greatness to the meek.
A crown of thorns over his head,
In the gaze - unearthly love...
The actions of the wives of the Decembrists are painted in sublime religious tones.
Replacement original name"Decembrists" on "Russian Women" emphasized that heroism, fortitude, moral beauty inherent in Russian women from time immemorial.
We must pay tribute to N.A. Nekrasov, who managed to create in Russian literature such a wonderful image of a woman, faithful to duty, who amazes with her integrity.
Nekrasov showed that the image of the “majestic Slavic woman” does not belong to one social stratum. This type of woman is popular among all people; it can be found in peasant hut, and in a high society living room, since its main component is spiritual beauty.
"There are women in Russian villages.""
(Based on the works of N. A. Nekrasov)
I dedicated the lyre to my people.
N. A. Nekrasov
In many of the works of N. A. Nekrasov, the main characters are Russian women. With exhaustive completeness and clarity, in images and paintings that amaze with their truthfulness and strength, Nekrasov depicted the thoughts and feelings, work and struggle, everyday suffering and rare joys of a Russian woman.
Constant attention the poet's reflection on Russian women
was even included in the titles of Nekrasov’s poems: “Russian Women”, “Orina, Mother of a Soldier”, “Who Lives Well in Russia”.
There's no side peasant life, which would have been ignored by the poet. With all his heart and mind he worried peasant grief. He was especially concerned about the fate of the oppressed peasant woman:
You are all fear embodied, You are all age-old languor! -
Nekrasov said, addressing the peasant woman. The poem “In the Village” depicts an old peasant woman who has lost her only son, the breadwinner. She is forced to walk around the world in her old age. The same theme - the grief of a peasant mother - is revealed in the poem "Orina, the soldier's mother." The poem is based not on fiction, but on reality. Orina talks about “her great sadness”: her only son, tortured as a soldier, returned home and died:
Ivanushka was ill for nine days, On the tenth day he died... Of heroic build, He was a hefty little boy.
In the poet’s works, the image of a peasant woman, warmed by the author’s love, appears, pure of heart, bright in mind, strong in spirit. This is exactly what Daria is, the heroine of the poem “Frost, Red Nose”, in spirit - the sister of Nekrasov’s Decembrists.
Once in her youth she:
She marveled at her beauty, she was both dexterous and strong,
but she, like every peasant woman, had her share of a life “that would hardly be more difficult to find.” The poet could not indifferently see how a powerless Russian woman, crushed by slavery and overwork, was suffering; he said, addressing the peasant woman:
He did not carry a heart in his chest, Who did not shed tears over you.
Nekrasov dedicated many poems to Russian life village woman.
The fate of the peasant woman is described in many separate episodes of the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia,” and the entire second part is entirely devoted to her. Using the example of the fate of Matryona Timofeevna, the heroine of the second part of the poem, the poet shows typical biography Russian peasant woman. Her life was joyful only in early childhood and that’s because she “had luck in girls”: she had “a good, non-drinking family,” says Matryona. But even in this caring affectionate family she had to start working “in her fifth year.”
Hard work, however, did not break her:
And a kind worker
And the sing-dance huntress
I was young... -
Matryona speaks about herself.
In accordance with popular performance O female beauty Nekrasov lovingly paints a portrait of a working woman:
Matryona Timofeevna A dignified woman, broad and dense, about thirty years old, beautiful, with graying hair, large, stern eyes, rich eyelashes, stern and dark.
Little happiness befell her. After getting married, she “went to hell on her maiden holiday.” Bullying by her husband's relatives, the death of her beloved child, beatings, eternal hard labor, constant need - this is how her life turned out. "In my, -
says Matryona Timofeevna, “no bone is unbroken.” There is no unstretched vein."
The long-suffering peasant woman has no happiness in Rus' - Nekrasov leads the reader to this conclusion. Matryona herself says: “It’s not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women.”
But a painful life, full of hardships and suffering, did not break the character of the peasant woman, did not turn her into a dumb, obedient slave. A protest is brewing in her, she lives “with anger in her heart.” This holy anger is the guarantee of the future happiness of the Russian woman, in whose soul hidden treasures of goodness, love, fidelity, intelligence and nobility.
In his poems and poems, Nekrasov showed the wonderful characters of Russian women. I compared their fate with future life, depicted the hard work of peasant women in corvée. Reflected in his poetry an entire era social development. Nekrasov was the poetic leader of the generation of the 60-70s of the 19th century. The poet brought poetry closer to the people, introduced new themes and images into literature. His works remain relevant in our time.
Russian woman in the poem N. A. Nekrasova "Who Lives Well in Rus'"
Share you! - Russian female share! Hardly any more difficult to find.
N. A. Nekrasov
WITH early years I fell in love with the poetry of N. A. Nekrasov. All his life he served "the great purposes of the century." His muse is Native sister disadvantaged. Especially dear to me are the poems dedicated to the hopelessness of the lot of the Russian peasant woman. It seems to me that this best poems poets talking about the bitter, long-suffering fate of a working woman.
It’s no wonder that you wither until time, the All-bearing Russian tribe, Long-suffering mother!
The image of a working woman, a “sufferer, a sad woman,” created by the poet, forever sinks into the soul. The peasant woman experienced not only social oppression, but also everyday oppression. This is how the poet writes about it in the poem “Frost, Red Nose”:
Fate had three hard times. And the first share is to marry a slave, the second is to be the mother of a slave’s son. And the third is to obey the slave until the grave.
In the gallery of wonderful female images A special place is occupied by the image of Matryona Timofeevna, the heroine of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
Popular rumor brings truth-seeking peasants to the village of Klin. Here they hope to meet a happy peasant woman. Matryona Timofeevna herself tells them about her difficult life. How much severe suffering befell this “happy” woman! But her entire appearance emanates such beauty and strength that one cannot help but admire her. As she reminds me of “the type of majestic Slavic woman” about whom the poet wrote with delight:
In trouble he will not break down, he will save him, he will stop a galloping horse, in a burning the hut will enter!
Natural beauty And physical strength to match her spiritual beauty.
How quickly they flashed by happy years childhood and girlhood. Matryona Timofeevna, according to her, was lucky as a girl:
I was lucky in the girls: We had a good, non-drinking family.
The family surrounded their beloved daughter with care and affection. However, the time of serene childhood quickly passed. In her “seventh year,” says Matryona Timofeevna, “she ran after the beetle herself... among the herd, took it to her father for breakfast, and tended the ducklings.” So she "got used" to the matter that all later life worked tirelessly.
But physical labor did not bring Matryona Timofeevna any grief. The worst thing is spiritual slavery. Matryona Timofeevna, having worked hard in the field, washes herself in the bathhouse and is ready to sing and dance:
And a good worker
And the sing-dance huntress
I was young.
But how few bright moments there are in her life! One of them is an engagement to her beloved Philippushka. Matryona did not sleep all night, thinking about her upcoming marriage: she was afraid of “captivity,” And yet love turned out to be stronger than the fear of falling into slavery, And then, after marriage, she ended up “from her maiden holiday to hell.” “Exhausting work”, “mortal grievances”, severe misfortunes with children, separation from her husband, who was illegally recruited, and many other adversities - such is the bitter life path Matryona Timofeevna. She speaks with pain about what is in her:
There is no unbroken bone, no unstretched vein.
I am amazed at the fortitude, the courage with which this wonderful woman endured suffering, without bowing down. proud head. Your heart bleeds when you read the lines of the poem about inconsolable grief mother who lost her first-born son Demushka:
I rolled around like a ball, I curled up like a worm, I called and woke up Demushka - But it was too late to call!..
The mind is ready to be clouded by a terrible misfortune. But enormous spiritual strength helps Matryona Timofeevna to survive, return to life again and actively fight against all everyday adversities. She sends angry curses to her enemies, the guard and the doctor, who are tormenting the “white body” of her son: “Villains! Executioners!” Matryona Timofeevna wants to find justice for them, but her fellow villagers do not advise her to enter into a fight with them: “God is high, the king is far away... We won’t find the truth.” When a misfortune happens to her second son, she decisively knocks down the headman of Silantia, saving Fedotushka from punishment.
Matryona Timofeevna is ready to withstand any test, inhuman torment, in order to defend her children and husband from everyday troubles. Which enormous strength A woman must have the will to go alone into the frosty winter night tens of miles away provincial town in search of the truth. “I walked all night and didn’t meet a living soul,” Matryona Timofeevna tells the wanderers.
Her love for her husband is boundless, having withstood such a severe test. The governor's wife, amazed by her selfless act, rendered " great mercy":
They sent a messenger to Klin, found out the whole truth - Filippushka was saved.
The sense of self-esteem that Matryona Timofeevna developed in her girlhood helps her move majestically through life. This feeling protects her from the arrogant claims of Sitnikov, who seeks to make her his mistress.
Anger against her enslavers gathers like a cloud in her soul. She is ready to take revenge on them for her grievances.
I have my head down, I carry an angry heart!
- she says. When grandfather Savely teaches his beloved granddaughter to endure, declaring that a man’s heroism lies in his endurance, Matryona Timofeevna remarks ironically:
You're joking, grandpa! -
Such a mighty hero,
Guy, the mice will eat you!"
Huge inner strength, hatred of oppressors and the ability to protest are those wonderful qualities that distinguish Matryona Timofeevna. The image of Matryona Timofeevna is very close, understandable and dear to me. People like her testified to the heroic, indestructible power hidden in people's soul. The poet believes that
People's power, mighty power- A calm conscience - the truth is tenacious!
Nekrasov is convinced of the powerful moral strength people. She believes that “the keys to women’s happiness,” “abandoned and lost from God himself,” will be found. This faith turned out to be prophetic. Our people, as the poet dreamed, have taken the “broad and clear” road of life. The poet was right when he asserted that “the Russian people do not need limits.”
"I dedicated the lyre to the people to his own
Go into the fire for the honor of the Fatherland.
N. A. Nekrasov
The work of N. A. Nekrasov constitutes an entire era in the history of Russian literature. His poetry was an expression of a new time, when the outgoing class of nobles in social life commoners came to the country.
For the poet, the concepts of the Motherland and the working people - the breadwinner and defender of the Russian land - merged together. That is why Nekrasov’s patriotism is so organically combined with a protest against the oppressors of the peasants.
In his work N. Nekrasov continued the traditions of the
distinguished predecessors - M.V. Lomonosov, K.F. Ryleev, A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov - who considered the “civil rank” to be the highest.
Back in 1848, in one of his poems, the author compared his poetry with the image of a peasant woman. His muse is close to troubles and suffering ordinary people. She herself is one of many thousands of disadvantaged and oppressed:
Yesterday at six o'clock,
I went to Sennaya;
There they beat a woman with a whip,
A young peasant woman.
Not a sound from her chest
Only the whip whistled as it played,
And I said to the Muse: “Look!
Your dear sister."
With this poem, Nekrasov began his path in poetry, from which he never turned back.
In 1856, the poet’s second collection was published, which opened with the poem “The Poet and the Citizen,” printed in a larger font. This seemed to emphasize the role of verse in the collection.
“A noble and strong thing! The motive of his entire muse hums,” wrote one of the poet’s contemporaries A. Turgenev, having become acquainted with the works of this book.
"Poet and citizen" is the most vivid, clear and definite expression civic position Nekrasov, his understanding of the goals and objectives of poetry. The poem is a dialogue between the Poet and the Citizen, from which it becomes clear that the Citizen is sensitive to the changes taking place in society.
“What a time it is,” he says enthusiastically.
The citizen believes that everyone’s duty to society is not to be indifferent to the fate of their homeland. Moreover, this is the duty of a poet, whom nature and fate have awarded with talent and who must help discover the truth, ignite the hearts of people, and lead them along the path of truth.
“Boldly smash the vices,” the Citizen Poet calls.
He tries to awaken the indifferently sleeping soul of the Poet, who explains his social passivity by the desire to create “real,” “eternal” art, far from the burning issues of our time.
Here Nekrasov is very concerned important problem, generated new era. This is the problem of contrasting socially significant poetry" pure art". The dispute between the heroes of the poem is an ideological dispute about the poet’s life position, but it is perceived more broadly: not only the poet, but any citizen, a person in general. A true citizen “bears all the ulcers of his homeland on his body like his own.” The poet should be ashamed
... in a time of grief
The beauty of the valleys, skies and sea
And sing of sweet affection.
Nekrasov’s lines became an aphorism:
You may not be a poet, but you must be a citizen.
Since then everyone a real artist checks them true value of your creativity. The role of the poet-citizen especially increases during periods of great social storms and social upheavals. Let's turn our gaze to today. With what passion, despair and hope, with what fury our writers and poets, artists and performers rushed to fight against outdated dogmas for the creation of a renewed, humane society. And even though their views are sometimes diametrically opposed and not everyone can agree with them, the attempt itself is noble with difficulty, making mistakes and stumbling, find the right path to move forward. For them, the “rank of citizen” is as high as in Lomonosov, Pushkin and Nekrasov times.
Nekrasov called “Elegy,” one of his last poems, “the most sincere and beloved.” In it, the poet reflects with deep bitterness on the causes of disharmony in society. Life has been lived, and Nekrasov has come to a wise, philosophical understanding of existence.
But the powerless situation of the people, their life, the relationship between the poet and the people still worries the author.
Let changing fashion tell us, That the theme is old - “the suffering of the people” And that poetry should forget it, - Do not believe, young men, it does not grow old,
- he claims.
Responding to all those who hesitate and doubt that poetry can somehow seriously influence people’s lives, he wrote:
Let not every warrior harm the enemy, but everyone go into battle! And fate will decide the battle...
And Nekrasov before last moments Throughout his difficult life, he remained a warrior, striking blows at the tsarist autocracy with every line of his works.
Nekrasov’s muse, so sensitive to the pain and joy of others, has not laid down her poetic weapons even today; she is at the forefront of the struggle for a free, happy, spiritually rich person.
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What is Nekrasov’s view of a woman?
In his lyrical love poems, Nekrasov defended a woman’s right to freedom of feeling, sang “a union free at heart”, based on love and equality (poems “When it burns in your blood...”, 1848, “You are always incomparably good,” 1847. , etc.) With sincere participation, the poet painted a “fallen” woman, rejected in a noble-bourgeois society (“When from the darkness of error” 1845, “Am I driving along a dark street at night...”) He showed how, under the rule of serfdom Morality distorts the best human inclinations and aspirations.
In a wonderful realistic poem about the work and life of the Russian peasantry - “Frost the Red Nose”, Nekrasov, masterfully using themes and techniques folk poetry, showed a difficult lot - the lot of a village woman - mother, wife, worker, revolutionary. A realistic figure of a peasant woman is given in the work “Orina, Mother of a Soldier.” But all these images seem to be only sketches for what was created in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” heroic image Matryona Timofeevna, strong in spirit, endowed with high moral qualities Russian woman.
And here’s how a woman is depicted in Nekrasov’s poems, where the poet shows a Russian village beauty - abundant, portly, powerful flesh.
"A dignified woman"
Wide and dense, "
- he says about Matryona Korchagina. And about Daria in the poem “Red Nose Frost”:
". . . blooms
Beauty, the world is a wonder
Blush, slim. high,
He sits like a two-year-old on a chair,
The child is on her chest..."
And this child is the same:
"It will grow strong and dense,
A gentle son will grow up. "
Such is Pelageya in his early poems: “Black-browed, fresh and dense.” This is the same Volga beauty in the poem “On the Volga”:
“…. she
Sweet, portly and red."
"Wait, naughty girl, already
I’ll catch up!”... I caught up, caught, -
And their kiss sounded
Above the Volga is tasty and fresh.
No one has ever kissed us like that!
Yes in toasted lips
Our city ladies
And there are no such sounds. »
Sometimes Nekrasov himself pointed out that these were the tastes of the people. The peasants of the village of Nagozhina speak with admiration about Matryona:
"Kholmogory cow,
Not a woman! Kinder
And smoother - there is no woman! »
And with the same admiration, the village matchmaker says to the groom in the poem “The Matchmaker and the Groom”:
“Marya is broad in bone,
Tall, slender, smooth!
- Oh yes Marya! Marya - treasure
Match Marya. Maryu matchmaker!
We can't drink water from our faces,
And you can live with a clumsy one,
Yes, so that there is meat on the bones,
So that the powerhouse is in your hands! "
And who will forget these famous lines about a woman in the poem “Red Nose Frost”!! Even after decades of the past, they have reached us in their polyphonic, charming, admirable colors:
"There are women in Russian villages
With calm importance of faces,
With beautiful strength in movements,
With the gait, with the look of queens...
In the game the horseman will not catch her,
In trouble, he will not fail, he will save;
Stops a galloping horse
He will enter a burning hut. "
But the more Nekrasov admires the luxuriantly flourishing life, the more painful her too early death in the tragic Russian life was for him. As soon as she appeared before him (in the poem “Troika”, a beauty bursting with health, vitality which is so overflowing, as he already knows that this flowering of life is destined to bloom ahead of time:
“And in your face full of movement,
Full of life - will suddenly appear
An expression of dull patience
And senseless eternal fear. "
And yet, Nekrasov nowhere showed the life of a Russian peasant woman so well as in his heroic poem“Who lives well in Rus'.” In this poem we meet the Russian woman mentioned above - the peasant Matryona Timofeevna. Its advantages have already been mentioned. And the life of Matryona Timofeevna turned out the same way as the life of many Russian peasant women. She considers the time when she was in girls to be happy. “I was lucky in girls” and further:
“For father, for mother,
Like Christ in his bosom,
I lived..."
Matryona Timofeevna remembers this time as a distant, happy and gone dream. It’s sad... And yet it’s nice to remember those times. Infancy... It was short:
“On the day of Simeon, father
He put me on a burushka
And brought me out of infancy
By the fifth year
……………………
Then take a rake
Yes, turn up the hay.
So I got used to the matter...”
So in work, round dances and festivities, “At the spinning wheel with girlfriends” - the girlhood years passed. And the day came when:
"And the wolf rolled down
From a girl's head."
They took Matryona Timofeevna away from her parents' house. Korchagin took her to his house. Philip Korchagin - Matryona Timofeevna's husband was:
“Pretty - ruddy, wide - powerful,
Rus hair, quiet voice."
Matryona Timofeevna had a hard time in new family:
“The family was huge,
Grumpy... I'm in trouble
Happy maiden holiday to hell
Matryona Timofeevna began a difficult life, full of all sorts of hardships and trials. It is here that Nekrasov reveals in all its diversity the life of a serf woman. This life is visible both in the stories of Matryona Timofeevna and in ancient Russian songs. After Philip went to work again, Matryona Timofeevna became a mother. Her son Dyomushka was born:
“Beauty is taken from the sun,
The snow is white,
Maku's lips are red,
The sable has a black eyebrow,
In Siberian sable,
The hawk has eyes! "
With the birth of her son, all the anger of Matryona Timofeevna, which had boiled over during these truly martyrdom years, was forgotten. She gave all her warmth, all her affection to her first-born, just as a wide river gives its waters to the mighty ocean. Matryona's maternal happiness did not last long. Her Dyomushka died while still an infant, due to the oversight of her grandfather Savely, her adviser and friend in this evil family. Matryona Timofeevna’s grief was strong:
“I rolled around like a ball,
I was curled up like a worm,
She called and woke up Demushka -
Yes, it was too late to call!..”
But even stronger was the insult that the headman inflicted on her, accusing her, along with Savely, of murdering Dema. But when their innocence was proven, Matryona decided to complain, find justice for the evil headman, find an intercessor, but it turns out there is no such intercessor:
“High God. The king is far away...” Savely tells her. But Matryona firmly decides to achieve the truth. And the deep meaning is revealed by Nekrasov, who speaks through the lips of Savely:
“...Be patient, many-armed one!
Be patient, long-suffering one!
We can't find the truth"
- Why not, grandfather? –
“You are a serf woman! “Savelyushka said.
And these words “You are a serf woman!” “ - became an insurmountable wall for Matryona. So you need to be patient. And Matryona endured until a new injustice fell on her. Her husband is illegally taken into the army. Matryona was left alone with her children and her grief. Why alone? She has become unnecessary in this family, the reason is the children, because they need to be clothed and fed:
“And they began to pinch them,
Beat on the head -
Be silent, soldier mother! "
Matryona did not remain silent. I went to the governor. And happiness smiled at her:
“- They sent a messenger to Klin,
I told you the whole truth -
Philippushka was saved."
In the image of Matryona Timofeevna, Nekrasov showed the life of serf peasant women. In Matryona's speeches this life is shown with deep meaning. In Matryona's words:
“For me, grievances are mortal
Gone unpaid
And the whip passed over me! "
- he seems to generalize the fate of serf peasant women that befell them. And in the words:
"The keys to women's happiness"
From our free will
Abandoned, lost
From God himself And further:
“Yes, they are unlikely to be found
What kind of fish swallowed
Those keys are reserved,
In what seas is that fish
Walking - God forgot!..”
He talks about the eternal doom of a serf woman. From the works of Nekrasov listed above, it is clear that Nekrasov pays great attention to women's issue. But he does not find a way out of the difficult situation in which the serf woman finds herself. And Nekrasov writes works full of compassion for the serf woman. His works expose the system that existed during his lifetime and the old regime in relation to serf women. In Nekrasov’s works there seems to be a subtext that calls on the progressive people of Russia to find ways to emancipate women, to make her a free man, equal in all respects and rights.
Essay by a 10th grade student. Homework.
Velsk, Arkhangelsk region.
Night school. 1971
Essay grade: Excellent
For the Russian language: Satisfactory.
Teacher of Russian language and literature Klimovskaya Nina Georgievna
