Julie Karagina is one of the minor characters in the book by Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy called “War and Peace”.
The girl comes from a noble and wealthy family. About Us early childhood is friends with Marya Bolkonskaya, but over the years they have practically stopped communicating.
Julie is approximately twenty years old. She is still unmarried, which at the time described in literary work, it was very late, so the girl passionately wanted to go down the aisle as quickly as possible. In order to meet someone, Karagina constantly attends various exhibitions, theaters and other social events. Karagina really doesn’t want to become an “old maid” and makes every effort to turn into a married lady. She has a huge inheritance, which was left after the death of her parents and brothers: two luxurious mansions and land, as well as cash savings.
Julie is in love with Nikolai Rostov and would willingly marry him, because she believes that this sympathy is absolutely mutual. But the young man behaves nobly towards her and does not want to tie the knot just for the sake of his potential bride’s money, because as a lover and future wife he doesn't perceive it. The girl continues to be jealous of Nikolai, but she was never able to win his favor. Boris Drubetskoy, on the contrary, diligently looks after Julie in order to take possession of her fortune. He doesn’t like her at all, but Boris proposes marriage to her, pursuing exclusively selfish goals, and Karagina agrees.
The girl is stupid and narcissistic. She pretends to be another person, tries to seem better than she really is. Karagina even demonstrates her feigned patriotism to others in order to earn public approval and praise. Julie knows how to play the harp and often entertains guests of her estate with various musical compositions. Karagina is constantly among representatives of the Moscow elite and knows the rules of conduct in secular society but she is not interesting conversationalist, so many people are friends with her solely out of politeness.
The girl considers herself a real beauty, but others have a different opinion. She has a round face big eyes, short stature. She spares no expense on her outfits and is always dressed in the latest fashion.
Julie doesn't have her own own point view on various topics and imitates the reasoning and opinions of others. This pushes people away from her, because, for example, Julie’s husband secretly hates his wife, considers her a burden and feels only irritation towards her, even her long-time friend Marya Balkonskaya stopped seeing and communicating with her because Karagina became uninteresting to her.
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MARRIAGES BUILDED BY CALCULATION (BASED ON THE NOVEL BY L.N. TOLSTOY'S "WAR AND PEACE")
Konstantinova Anna Alexandrovna
2nd year student of group S-21 GOU SPO
"Belorechensky Medical College" Belorechensk
Maltseva Elena Alexandrovna
scientific supervisor, teacher of Russian language and literature highest category, Belorechensk
Every girl dreams of marriage. Some people dream of a happy family life with a chosen partner once and for all, while others find happiness in profit. Such a marriage, concluded by mutual consent, where each party pursues material wealth instead of love, is usually called a marriage of convenience.
There is an opinion that such marriages are extremely popular right now because people have become more materialistic, but in fact this concept appeared a long time ago. For example, in ancient times, kings married their daughters to the sons of another king in order to receive more from this union. strong army to destroy a common enemy or to make peace between kingdoms. At that time, children did not really decide anything; more often than not, their marriage was planned even before they were born. It would seem that with the advent of democracy, equal rights for men and women , marriage of convenience should have disappeared. Unfortunately no. If earlier parents were the initiators, now children calculate their fate. Their calculations when concluding a marriage are very different. Some want to raise their status and increase their well-being; others - to get the opportunity to register and improve their living conditions. Girls are afraid of being left alone, being branded as “old maids,” and “the child needs a father.”
There are other reasons to enter into a marriage of convenience: the desire to gain fame, a higher social status, marry a foreigner. In the latter case, the calculation is not material, but rather psychological. Financial condition the future spouse is important, but not paramount; In a “prudent” union, women hope to find psychological comfort and stability. According to statistics, marriages of convenience are more durable, but if other people’s money is involved, then there is no need to talk about happiness. This is a deal that benefits both. Unfortunately, Russian statistics say: more than half of marriages break up.
Marriages of convenience are not only unions entered into for the sake of money. These are weddings played after analysis and reflection, when it is not the heart that pushes down the aisle, but the mind. People who are tired of looking for an ideal soul mate and are ready to take what at least suits them, or those who did not have a good relationship with their mother in childhood, who saw the tragedy of their parental family, are prone to such enterprises. By choosing a person on whom they have little emotional dependence, they seem to insure themselves against possible pain.
If for one spouse marriage is just a calculation, and for the other it is feelings, then you will hear about them famous saying: “One loves, the other allows himself to be loved.” The danger of such a union is that it rests on the will and mind of one of the partners. If both people deliberately enter into an arranged marriage, then the danger lies mainly in love! If she “unexpectedly turns up” and one of the spouses decides that the marriage is not beneficial for him, then it will be almost impossible to prevent him from leaving for his lover. As life shows, unions concluded wisely, into which love and affection then came, are the most viable.
In our article we would like to compare how the calculation in the construction differs modern family and the heroes of Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". Having collected and systematized material about arranged marriages and families in the novel, we aimed to show young people negative sides marriage of convenience, because marriage is a serious act that determines the fate of later life.
How was this life experience reflected in L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”?
The author realized that the truth of life lies in maximum naturalness, and the main thing life value- family. There are many families in the novel, but we will focus on those that are opposed to Tolstoy’s favorite families: the “mean breed of Kuragins,” the cold Bergs and the calculating Drubetsky. An officer of not very noble origin, Berg serves on the headquarters. He always ends up in right time and in in the right place, makes the necessary contacts that are beneficial to him, so he has advanced far in his career. He told everyone for so long and with such significance about how he was wounded in Battle of Austerlitz, that he still received two awards for one wound. “According to Tolstoy’s classification, he belonged to the little “Napoleons”, like the vast majority of staff workers.” Tolstoy denies him any honor. Berg has no “warmth of patriotism”, so during Patriotic War 1812 he is not with the people, but rather against them. Berg is trying to make the most of the war. When everyone was leaving Moscow before the fire and even noble, rich people abandoned their property in order to free the carts and transport the wounded on them, Berg bought furniture at bargain prices. His wife is a match for him - Vera, eldest daughter in the Rostov family.
The Rostovs decided to educate her according to the then existing canons: from French teachers. As a result, Vera completely falls out of the friendly, warm family where love reigned supreme. Even her mere appearance in the room made everyone feel awkward. Not surprising. She was beautiful girl, who regularly attended social balls, but received her first proposal from Berg at the age of 24. There was a risk that there would be no new proposals for marriage, and the Rostovs agreed to marry an ignorant person. And here it is necessary to note Berg’s commercialism and calculation: he demanded 20 thousand rubles in cash as a dowry and another bill for 80 thousand. Berg's philistinism knew no bounds. This marriage is devoid of sincerity; they even treated their children unnaturally. “The only thing is that we don’t have children so soon.” . Children were considered a burden by Berg; they contradicted his selfish views. Vera fully supported him, adding: “Yes, I don’t want this at all.” The Berg family is an example of a certain immorality. Tolstoy really doesn’t like that in this family everything is assigned, everything is done “like people”: the same furniture is bought, the same carpets are laid, the same evening parties are held. Berg buys expensive clothes for his wife, but when he wanted to kiss her, he first decided to straighten the curled corner of the carpet. So, Berg and Vera had neither warmth, nor naturalness, nor kindness, nor any other virtues that were so important for the humanist Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
According to the Bergs, Boris Drubetskoy. The son of Princess Anna Mikhailovna was raised from childhood and lived for a long time in the Rostov family. “A tall, blond young man with regular, delicate features of a calm and beautiful face", Boris has been dreaming of a career since his youth, he is very proud, but he accepts his mother’s troubles and is lenient with her humiliations if it benefits him. A.M. Drubetskaya, through Prince Vasily, gets her son a place in the guard. Once in military service, Drubetskoy dreams of making it in this area brilliant career. In the world, Boris strives to make useful contacts and uses his last money to give the impression of a rich and successful person. Drubetskoy is looking for a rich bride, choosing at the same time between Princess Marya and Julie Karagina. The extremely rich and wealthy Julie attracts him more, although she is already somewhat older. But for Drubetsky, the ideal option is a pass into the world of “light.”
How much irony and sarcasm sounds from the pages of the novel when we read the declaration of love of Boris Drubetsky and Julie Karagina. Julie knows that this brilliant but poor handsome man does not love her, but demands a declaration of love according to all the rules for his wealth. And Boris, uttering the right words, thinks that it is always possible to arrange it so that he rarely sees his wife. For people like the Kuragins and Drubetskys, all means are good, just to achieve success and fame and strengthen their position in society.
The Kuragin family also turns out to be far from ideal, in which there is no homely warmth or sincerity. Kuragins do not value each other. Prince Vasily notices that he does not have “the lump of parental love.” "My children are the burden of my existence". Moral underdevelopment, primitiveness vital interests- these are the features of this family. The main motive accompanying the description of the Kuragins is “imaginary beauty”, external shine. These heroes shamelessly interfere in the lives of the Bolkonskys, Rostovs, Pierre Bezukhov, cripple their destinies, personifying lies, debauchery, and evil.
The head of the family, Prince Kuragin, typical representative secular Petersburg. He is smart, gallant, dressed in the latest fashion, but behind all this brightness and beauty hides a completely false, unnatural, greedy, rude man. The most important thing in his life is money and position in society. For the sake of money, he is even ready to commit a crime. Let us remember the tricks he goes to in order to bring the rich but inexperienced Pierre closer to him. He successfully gets his daughter Helen married. But behind her beauty and the sparkle of diamonds there is no soul. She is empty, callous and heartless. For Helen family happiness consists not in the love of the husband or children, but in the spending of the spouse’s money. As soon as Pierre starts talking about offspring, she laughs rudely in his face. Only with Natasha is Pierre truly happy, because they “made concessions to one another, merged into one harmonious whole.”
The author does not hide his disgust for the “vile breed” of the Kuragins. There is no place for good motives and aspirations in it. “The world of the Kuragins is a world of “secular rabble,” dirt and debauchery. The selfishness, selfishness and base instincts that reign there do not allow these people to be called a full-fledged family. . Their main vices are carelessness, selfishness and an insatiable thirst for money.
Tolstoy, assessing the lives of his heroes from a moral point of view, emphasized the decisive importance of the family for the formation of a person’s character, his attitude to life, to himself. If there is no moral core in the parents, then there will be none in the children.
Many of our contemporaries choose arranged marriage. The most correct calculation is one that takes into account the interests of everyone, including children. If it is based on mutual respect and even benefit, then such a marriage can turn out to be durable. Statistical data also speaks to this. According to Western psychologists, arranged marriages break up only in 5-7% of cases. At the end of the 20th century, 4.9% of Russians married for financial reasons, and now almost 60% of young women marry for convenience. But men are not averse to joining “ unequal marriage" It is no longer uncommon for a pretty young man to marry a successful, wealthy lady who is old enough to be his mother. And - imagine! - according to statistics, such marriages do not fall into the “short-term” category.
At the end of the 20th century, an interesting survey was conducted among married couples with great experience. 49% of Muscovites and 46% of St. Petersburg residents surveyed claimed that the reason for getting married was love. However, opinions about what exactly holds a marriage together have changed over the years. IN Lately only 16% of men and 25% of women consider love to be the bonding factor of a family. Others put other priorities first: good job(33.9% of men), material wealth (31.3% of men), family well-being (30.6% of women).
The disadvantages of arranged marriages include the following: lack of love; total control of who finances the marriage; life in a “golden cage” is not excluded; in case of violation of the marriage contract, the “offending party” risks being left with nothing.
We conducted a sociological survey among Belorechensky students medical college, in which 85 people took part, 1st and 2nd year students aged 16 to 19 years. Young people preferred marriage based on material convenience, and this once again proves that our contemporaries strive for financial stability, even at the expense of others. This is exactly what Tolstoy was afraid of when speaking about the loss moral principles. The exception was 1% of those who believe that the calculation can be noble (help to a loved one, sacrificing his future fate).
And yet our contemporaries would like to get married for love. Some out of a desire to quickly escape from parental care, others - succumbing to a bright feeling. More and more often modern people they prefer to live in a civil marriage, without burdening themselves with the burden of responsibility for the fate of another person, they build families according to convenience, without “including feelings,” with a sober head. At the same time, they do not suffer from love and inattention; they enter into marriage contracts, eliminating possible risks.
Our respondents believe in love as a bright, all-consuming feeling and do not want to build their families on the basis of commercialism. Main components happy family they consider love, mutual respect, trust. A family cannot be considered happy if there are no children in it.
So what is more important: feeling or reason? Why are there more and more people agreeing to arranged marriages? On human relations the era leaves its mark. People value predictability and convenience more, and a marriage of convenience guarantees the future. Everyone will decide for themselves what kind of marriage to enter into and with whom. The strength of both marriages will become approximately the same in a few years. It all depends on how to build a relationship with your loved one. And the truth is: “Find golden mean between heart and mind - and be happy!”
Bibliography:
- Enikeeva Y.S. Which calculation is the most correct? - [ electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.yana.enikeeva.ru/?p=510
- Roman L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" in Russian criticism / Comp., intro. Art. and comment. I.N. Sukhikh. - L.: Publishing house Leningr. state University, 1989. - 407 p.
- Roman L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” / Historical, moral, aesthetic in the “great work of the great writer” - Russian literature of the 18th-19th centuries. Reference materials. - M., “Enlightenment” 1995. - 463 p.
- Tolstoy L.N. Selected works in three volumes. - M., “ Fiction" 1988. - vol. 1, - 686 p.
- Tolstoy L.N. Selected works in three volumes. - M., “Fiction” 1988. - vol. 2, - 671 p.
Women's theme occupies important place in the epic novel by L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. This work is the writer's polemical response to supporters of women's emancipation. At one of the poles artistic research there are numerous types of high society beauties, hostesses of magnificent salons in St. Petersburg and Moscow - Helen Kuragina, Julie Karagina, Anna Pavlovna Scherer; Cold and apathetic Vera Berg dreams of her own salon...
Secular society is immersed in eternal vanity. In the portrait of the beautiful Helen Tolstoy sees the whiteness of her shoulders, the shine of her hair and diamonds, her very open chest and back, and her frozen smile. Such details allow the artist to emphasize the inner emptiness and insignificance of the high society lioness. The place of genuine human feelings in luxurious living rooms is taken by monetary calculation. The marriage of Helen, who chose the rich Pierre as her husband, is a clear confirmation of this. Tolstoy shows that the behavior of Prince Vasily’s daughter is not a deviation from the norm, but the norm of life of the society to which she belongs. In fact, does Julie Karagina, who, thanks to her wealth, have a sufficient selection of suitors, behave differently? or Anna Mikhailovna Drubetskaya, placing her son in the guard? Even before the bed of the dying Count Bezukhov, Pierre's father, Anna Mikhailovna experiences not a feeling of compassion, but fear that Boris will be left without an inheritance.
Tolstoy shows high-society beauties and in family life. Family and children do not play a significant role in their lives. Helen seems funny words Pierre that spouses can and should be bound by feelings of heartfelt affection and love. Countess Bezukhova thinks with disgust about the possibility of having children. With amazing ease she leaves her husband. Helen is a concentrated manifestation of complete lack of spirituality, emptiness, and vanity.
Excessive emancipation leads a woman, according to Tolstoy, to an incorrect understanding of her own role. In the salon of Helen and Anna Pavlovna Scherer there are political disputes, judgments about Napoleon, about the situation of the Russian army... Feeling false patriotism forces them to broadcast only in Russian during the French invasion. High-society beauties have largely lost the main features that are inherent a real woman. On the contrary, in the images of Sonya, Princess Marya, and Natasha Rostova, those traits that constitute the type of woman in the true sense are grouped.
At the same time, Tolstoy does not try to create ideals, but takes life as it is. In fact, there are no consciously heroic elements in the work. feminine natures, similar to Turgenev’s Marianna from the novel “Nov” or Elena Stakhova from “On the Eve”. Is it necessary to say that Tolstoy’s favorite heroines are devoid of romantic elation? Women's spirituality is not contained in intellectual life, not in the passion of Anna Pavlovna Scherer, Helen Kuragina, Julie Karagina for political and other men's issues, but only in the ability to love, in devotion family hearth. Daughter, sister, wife, mother - these are the main positions in life in which the character of Tolstoy’s favorite heroines is revealed. This conclusion may begin to be doubted upon a superficial reading of the novel. Indeed, the actions of Princess Marya and Natasha Rostova during the French invasion are patriotic, and Marya Bolkonskaya’s reluctance to use the patronage of the French general and the impossibility of Natasha to remain in Moscow under the French are also patriotic. However, the connection female images the image of war in the novel is more complex; it is not limited to the patriotism of the best Russian women. Tolstoy shows what was needed historical movement millions of people so that the heroes of the novel (Marya Bolkonskaya and Nikolai Rostov, Natasha Rostova and Pierre Bezukhov) could find a way to become friends.
Tolstoy's favorite heroines live with their hearts, not their minds. All of Sonya's best, cherished memories are associated with Nikolai Rostov: common childhood games and pranks, Christmastide with fortune telling and mummers, Nikolai's love impulse, the first kiss... Sonya remains faithful to her beloved, rejecting Dolokhov's proposal. She loves uncomplainingly, but is unable to give up her love. And after Nikolai’s marriage, Sonya, of course, continues to love him.
Marya Bolkonskaya, with her evangelical humility, is especially close to Tolstoy. And yet, exactly her image personifies the triumph of natural human needs over asceticism. The princess secretly dreams of marriage, of her own family, of children. Her love for Nikolai Rostov is a high, spiritual feeling. In the epilogue of the novel, Tolstoy paints pictures of family
of the Rostovs’ happiness, emphasizing that it was in the family that Princess Marya found the true meaning of life.
Love is the essence of Natasha Rostova's life. Young Natasha loves everyone: the uncomplaining Sonya, and the countess mother, and her father, and Nikolai, and Petya, and Boris Drubetsky. The rapprochement and then separation from Prince Andrei, who proposed to her, makes Natasha suffer internally. An excess of life and inexperience are the source of mistakes and rash actions of the heroine (the story with Anatoly Kuragin).
Love for Prince Andrey with new strength awakens in Natasha. She leaves Moscow with a convoy, which includes the wounded Bolkonsky. Natasha is still overcome by an exorbitant feeling of love and compassion. She is selfless to the end. The death of Prince Andrei deprives Natasha's life of meaning. The news of Petya's death forces the heroine to overcome her misfortune in order to keep her old mother from insane despair. Natasha “thought that her life was over. But suddenly love for her mother showed her that the essence of her life - love - was still alive in her. Love woke up and life woke up.”
After marriage, Natasha refuses secular life, from “all its charms” and completely surrenders family life. Mutual understanding between spouses is based on the ability “to understand and communicate each other’s thoughts with extraordinary clarity and speed in a way that is contrary to all the rules of logic.” This is the ideal of family happiness. This is Tolstoy’s ideal of “peace.”
Tolstoy’s thoughts about the true purpose of a woman, it seems, are not outdated today. Of course, a significant role in today's life is played by women who have devoted themselves to political or social activities. But still, many of our contemporaries choose what Tolstoy’s favorite heroines chose for themselves. And is it really so little to love and be loved?
L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” shows the life of Russian society early XIX century during the War of 1812. This is a time of active social activity for the most different people. Tolstoy is trying to comprehend the role of women in the life of society, in the family. To this end, he writes in his novel a large number of female images, which can be divided into two large groups: the first group includes women - bearers of folk ideals, such as Natasha Rostova, Marya Bolkonskaya and others, and the second group includes women high society, such as Helen Kuragina, Anna Pavlovna Scherer, Julie Kuragina and others.
One of the most striking female images in the novel is the image of Natasha Rostova. Being a master of depicting human souls and characters, Tolstoy embodied the most best features human personality. He did not want to portray her as smart, calculating, adapted to life and at the same time completely soulless, as he made the other heroine of the novel, Helen Kuragina. Simplicity and spirituality make Natasha more attractive than Helen with her intelligence and good social manners. Many episodes of the novel tell how Natasha inspires people, makes them better, kinder, helps them find love for life, and find the right solutions. For example, when Nikolai Rostov, having lost a large sum money into cards for Dolokhov, returns home irritated, not feeling the joy of life, he hears Natasha singing and suddenly realizes that “all this: misfortune, and money, and Dolokhov, and anger, and honor - all nonsense, but here she is real ....”
But Natasha not only helps people in difficult life situations, she also simply brings them joy and happiness, gives them the opportunity to admire herself, and does this unconsciously and disinterestedly, as in the episode of the dance after the hunt, when she “stood up and smiled solemnly, proudly and cunningly.” - fun, the first fear that gripped Nikolai and everyone present, the fear that she would do the wrong thing, passed, and they were already admiring her.”
Just as she is close to the people, Natasha is close to understanding amazing beauty nature. When describing the night in Otradnoye, the author compares the feelings of two sisters, closest friends, Sonya and Natasha. Natasha, whose soul is full of bright poetic feelings, asks Sonya to go to the window, peer into the extraordinary beauty of the starry sky, and inhale the smells that fill the quiet night. She exclaims: “After all, such a lovely night has never happened!” But Sonya cannot understand Natasha’s enthusiastic excitement. She does not have the inner fire that Tolstoy sang in Natasha. Sonya is kind, sweet, honest, friendly, she does not commit a single bad act and carries her love for Nikolai through the years. She is too good and correct, she never makes mistakes from which she could learn life experience and get an incentive for further development.
Natasha makes mistakes and draws from them the necessary life experience. She meets Prince Andrei, their feelings can be called a sudden unity of thoughts, they suddenly understood each other, felt something uniting them.
But nevertheless, Natasha suddenly falls in love with Anatoly Kuragin, even wants to run away with him. An explanation for this can be that Natasha is the most a common person, with their weaknesses. Her heart is characterized by simplicity, openness, and gullibility; she simply follows her feelings, not being able to subordinate them to reason. But real love I woke up in Natasha much later. She realized that the one she admired, who was dear to her, lived in her heart all this time. It was a joyful and new feeling that absorbed Natasha entirely, bringing her back to life. Pierre Bezukhov played an important role in this. His “childish soul” was close to Natasha, and he was the only one who brought joy and light into the Rostov house when she felt bad, when she was tormented by remorse, suffered, and hated herself for everything that happened. She did not see reproach or indignation in Pierre's eyes. He idolized her, and she was grateful to him for being in the world. Despite the mistakes of her youth, despite the death of her loved one, Natasha’s life was amazing. She was able to experience love and hate, create wonderful family, finding in her the much desired peace of mind.
In some ways she is similar to Natasha, but in some ways she is opposed to Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. Main principle, to which her whole life is subordinated, is self-sacrifice. This self-sacrifice, submission to fate is combined in her with a thirst for simple human happiness. Submission to all the whims of her domineering father, a ban on discussing his actions and their motives - this is how Princess Marya understands her duty to her daughter. But she can show strength of character if necessary, which is revealed when her sense of patriotism is offended. She not only leaves family estate, despite Mademoiselle Burien's offer, he also forbids him to let his companion in when he learns about her connections with the enemy command. But to save another person, she can sacrifice her pride; this is evident when she asks for forgiveness from Mademoiselle Bourrienne, forgiveness for herself and for the servant on whom her father’s wrath fell. And yet, by elevating her sacrifice to a principle, turning away from “living life,” Princess Marya suppresses something important in herself. And yet, it was sacrificial love that led her to family happiness: when she met Nikolai in Voronezh, “for the first time, all this pure, spiritual, inner work, with which she had lived until now, came out.” Princess Marya fully revealed herself as a person when circumstances prompted her to become independent in life, which happened after the death of her father, and most importantly, when she became a wife and mother. About harmony, wealth inner world Marya Rostova is spoken of both by her diaries dedicated to her children and by her ennobling influence on her husband.
These two women, who are similar in many ways, are contrasted with ladies of high society, such as Helen Kuragina, Anna Pavlovna Scherer, and Julie Kuragina. These women are similar in many ways. At the beginning of the novel, the author says that Helen, “when the story made an impression, looked back at Anna Pavlovna and immediately took on the same expression that was on the maid of honor’s face.” The most characteristic sign of Anna Pavlovna is the static nature of words, gestures, even thoughts: “The restrained smile that constantly played on Anna Pavlovna’s face, although it did not match her outdated features, expressed, like spoiled children, the constant consciousness of her sweet shortcoming, from which she wants, cannot, does not find it necessary to get rid of it.” Behind this characteristic lies the author's irony and hostility towards the character.
Julie is a fellow socialite, “the richest bride in Russia,” who received a fortune after the death of her brothers. Like Helen, who wears a mask of decency, Julie wears a mask of melancholy: “Julie seemed disappointed in everything, told everyone that she did not believe in friendship, love, or any joys of life and expected peace only “there.” Even Boris, preoccupied with searching for a rich bride, feels the artificiality and unnaturalness of her behavior.
So, women close to natural life and folk ideals, such as Natasha Rostova and Princess Marya Bolkonskaya, find family happiness after going through a certain path of spiritual and moral quest. And women who are far from moral ideals, cannot experience true happiness because of their selfishness and adherence to the empty ideals of secular society.
Target: reveal depth and originality inner life heroes.
Tasks:
- educational - synthesis and deepening of knowledge about the images of the characters in the novel;
- developmental – develop thinking skills;
- educating - to cultivate the desire to know oneself, love for literature and the art of words.
Types of work with students:
- group
- collective
- individual.
Lesson equipment: screen, computer, projector, presentations, film fragments, novel texts, portrait of a writer.
During the classes
The essence of her life is love...
L.N. Tolstoy.
I.Organizational moment
(checking readiness for the lesson).
II. Teacher's word.
Every person is a diamond who can purify or not purify himself. To the extent that it is purified, it shines through eternal light. Therefore, a person’s job is not to try to shine, but to try to purify himself...
L. N. Tolstoy.
We can correlate these words with the heroes of the novel “War and Peace”, with the best of them. The purity of their moral character is manifested in everything: in family life and in everyday life.
Let's remember the topic of the previous lesson: “Life landed nobility" Currently at the implementation stage homework we will listen to the band perform. And you guys, write down the most character traits Rostov family.
III. Implementation of homework.
Conversation (speech in groups).
A) Tell us what aspects of the Rostovs’ life Tolstoy portrays in Part IV, Vol. II? What is the main thing Tolstoy emphasizes in the life of the landed nobility?
What does this great word “love” mean?
To do this, look carefully at the screen.
“Love” is a feeling of selfless, heartfelt affection.
We find this interpretation in the “Dictionary of the Russian Language” by S.I. Ozhegova.
“Love” is the state of a lover, passion, affection.
And we see this in “ Explanatory dictionary" IN AND. Dalia.
Let's follow the development of a great feeling among our heroes.
Students list scenes of hunting, Christmas entertainment, a trip to their uncle, scenes of his singing and Natasha’s dancing, and the Rostovs’ home way of life. Their family still has cordiality, cordiality, sensitivity, naturalness, hospitality, and purity of moral character. In all scenes, Tolstoy emphasizes the closeness of the local nobility to nature and to the common people. This is what allows Tolstoy to see positive heroes in Rostov.
The hunting scene reflects the theme of “man and nature”; the author interestingly shows the similarities in the behavior of people and animals (“the hunter Danila gallops towards the notch just like Karai (the dog) – across the path of the beast, choosing the only right direction).
The scenes in the uncle's house are important for understanding the characters. Their uncle’s singing and Natasha’s dancing reflect their closeness to the people, their understanding of the Russian spirit and character (but not as an understanding of the needs of the people) - “Where, how, when did this countess suck into herself from that Russian air that she breathed. .-... and in the aunt, and in the mother, in every Russian person.” “Uncle sang the way the people sing...” Tolstoy solves the problem: is mutual understanding possible between different layers of society (“peace”, “harmony” between them) - and answers that it is possible. “How nice he is, uncle!” - Nikolai Rostov says about him. Tolstoy repeats the words more than once: harmony, charm, happiness, good, excellent. That’s why Natasha is happy because she felt her closeness with the people. “You know,” she suddenly said, “I know that I will never be as happy, as calm as I am now.”
B) Another topic, the resolution of which is included in Volume II, is the depiction of the heroes’ love.
Not only the main characters: Andrei, Pierre, Natasha - experience a feeling of love at this time, but also minor characters: Dolokhov, Denisov, Nikolai Rostov, Sonya, Berg, B. Drubetskoy and others. Without love there is no life.
- Does Helen have a “heart” (in Tolstoy’s understanding)?
Helen Kuragina has never loved anyone, her heart is dead. She doesn’t just get carried away and make mistakes, moving from admirer to admirer, but this is her conscious line of behavior. That is why depravity and evil appear, because she has no shame, but only base instincts. In the novel, Napoleon says about her: “This is a beautiful animal.” The baseness of her behavior with Pierre, her connection with Dolokhov and B. Drubetsky, her ugly role in the story with Natasha and Anatole, her attempt to marry two husbands at once while Pierre was alive - everything creates the image of a depraved and calculating social beauty. “Where you are, there is depravity, evil,” Pierre said about her, and this exhausts her description. Remember the words Pierre said to Anatole: “Oh, vile, heartless breed!”
- Berg and Vera Rostova. Does Berg love Vera?
It’s not a matter of material calculation (Berg could have found a bride even richer) and not only a desire to become related to the counts. Berg loves Vera in his own way, because he finds in her kindred spirit. “And I love her... - which completely personified his dreams of happiness.” The love of these heroes does not elevate them, it also does not come from the heart, because Berg does not have a heart, or he has it as neat and dry as he himself.
- Tell us what guided B. Drubetsky’s relationship with Julie Kuragina.
Related to this turn of the theme of love in the novel is the story of B. Drubetsky’s marriage, using the example of which the author once again emphasizes the falsehood and self-interest in the relationships of people of the world. Tolstoy shows what motivates people high society, entering into marriages (Nizhny Novgorod forests, Penza estates, not love).
- What is the charm of the pages dedicated to the beginning of the love of Natasha Rostova and Prince Andrei?
The charm of this love creates it moral purity. Prince Andrei was attracted to Natasha by her poetry, her fullness of life, purity, and spontaneity. The desire for happiness inherent in her awakens the strength of other people. Her singing gives Prince Andrei pleasure; he is amazed by Natasha’s sensitivity, ability to guess someone else’s mood, and understand everything perfectly. And Natasha fell in love with Prince Andrey, felt him inner strength, nobility. The words of Prince Andrei: “The whole world is divided for me into two halves: one is she, and there is all the happiness, hope, light; the other half is everything where she is not there, everything is dull and dark there...” and Natasha’s: “... but this has never happened to me” - they convince of the strength and seriousness of their feelings.
- How does Tolstoy describe the emergence and development of this love?
Ball scene. We feel Natasha’s subtlest emotions. When Prince Andrei invited Natasha, her smile seemed to tell him: “I’ve been waiting for you for a long time.”
The arrival of Prince Andrei to the Rostovs’ house after the ball is full of poetry, the way he listens to Natasha singing and answers the question of whether he likes her singing. “It never even occurred to him that he was in love with Rostova,” but “his whole life seemed to him in a new light.”
The carefully tender expression on Prince Andrei’s face and bright light Natasha’s inner fire at the evening at the Bergs’ – a new step in this love. Their explanation, conversations, Prince Andrei’s departure - all this is remembered. The author follows all the shades of thoughts and feelings of his characters.
- Natasha's betrayal. How do you explain and evaluate this act?
The power of Natasha’s own repentance is great, the moral consequences of her betrayal for her and others are grave, the grief that she caused to Prince Andrei is great, but Natasha’s passion for Anatole does not come from the depravity of her nature, but from her youth, overcrowding with life and inexperience. For her, this is not a habitual line of behavior, as for Helen, but a mistake that she will soon understand, but will not soon forgive herself.
- What place does love occupy in the characters’ lives?
