Odoevsky. Can you prove that this is an artistic speech and not scientific information? Vladimir OdoevskyTown in a snuffbox (collection)

Vladimir Odoevsky

“Fairy tales and stories for children” by V.F. Odoevsky, printed in St. Petersburg, in the printing house of S.N. Glinka, without indicating the year of publication, is a small, elegant book in a “pocket” format with brightly hand-colored illustrations. On the back title page a censorship permit signed by censor Freygang, dated November 18, 1838, is shown. The bibliographic rarity of the book is confirmed by the fact that it is not mentioned even in such authoritative book reference books, as “Russian illustrated editions of the XVIII and XIX centuries» V.A. Vereshchagina, “Catalogue of Russian illustrated publications” N.A. Obolyaninov or “My Library” by N.P. Smirnov-Sokolsky.

Based on the date of censorship permission, the copy of “Fairy Tales and Stories for the Children of Grandfather Irenaeus” described in the Bibliochronicle should be classified as one of the rarest copies of the 1838 edition. This publication did not go on sale, since Odoevsky, depressed by the quality of printing and the number of typographical errors, ordered its entire circulation to be destroyed.

Ten years later, the story of the failed collection of fairy tales and stories received an unexpected continuation. The St. Petersburg bookseller, later the author of memoirs and detailed catalogs of the book trade, Nikolai Grigorievich Ovsyannikov, in 1848 placed an advertisement in the newspaper “Vedomosti of the St. Petersburg City Police” for the sale in his bookstore of a new edition of “Fairy Tales and Stories,” allegedly undertaken by Odoevsky. IN open letter to the editor of the “Gazette of the St. Petersburg City Police” V.S. Mezhevich (1849. No. 1), Odoevsky not only denied his participation in this trading enterprise, but also discovered a direct connection between the editions of “Fairy Tales” of 1838 and 1848: “Dear sir, Vasily Stepanovich! They accidentally pointed out to me in No. 282 of the St. Petersburg Police Gazette, December 20, an advertisement by the bookseller Ovsyannikov about a book allegedly published by me in 1848 entitled “Fairy Tales and Stories for the Children of Grandfather Irenaeus.” Please, inform your readers that I have not published a book with such an illiterate title in 1848 or in any year, and that the announcement of the bookseller Ovsyannikov was made not only without my consent, but also without my knowledge. Looking at a copy of this strange book, I saw that it consisted of waste paper sheets from the edition of my “Children's Fairy Tales”, which one of my acquaintances had undertaken back in 1838 and which I then ordered to be destroyed, because it was disfigured by countless typographical errors. The bookseller, having probably bought up this waste paper, did not at all find it difficult to include it in the new, 1848, edition of my “Children's Tales,” give it an illiterate title and, without telling me a word, put it on sale with my name. I could chase this fancy speculation judicial procedure, but this time I limit myself to denouncing it alone, leaving an assessment of this incident to those who are involved in the history of our book trade. I dare to hope that other gentlemen journalists will not refuse to repeat the above explanation in their papers, for here the matter is common to all writers.”

Odoevsky’s refutation letter served as a most valuable document that sheds light on the history of the publication of “Fairy Tales and Stories of Grandfather Irenaeus” in 1838, by order of Odoevsky, sent to waste paper, but at the initiative of publishers or typographers, preserved both in the form of separate typographic sheets and bound and bound books .

Taking care of educating the minds and hearts of young readers, encouraging them to noble aspirations, mercy and compassion, Odoevsky did not refuse direct edification in any of his “stories.” The story about the poor horse Gnedko, completely tortured by his owner-driver, ended with the following maxim: “Do not torture any animal, my friends, because it is sinful and shows an evil heart.” A tale about four deaf people who, due to their deafness, were unable to understand each other and therefore found themselves in funny situation, served as a reason for the author to remind that every student, in order not to grow up to be a “fool,” must listen carefully to the teacher.

Being himself a man of encyclopedic knowledge, Odoevsky in “Fairy Tales and Stories” pursued not only educational, but also educational goals. For example, " Indian fairy tale about four deaf people" began not with the usual fairy-tale beginning, but with a rather detailed description geographical location India, its climate, flora and minerals.

The collection contains eight illustrations made by unknown artist. The popular print character of the pictures indicates not so much conscious stylization as the low level of skill of the illustrator. In “Memoirs of an old bookseller about the St. Petersburg book trade” by the aforementioned N.G. Ovsyannikov contains an interesting remark, partly related to the illustrations for “Fairy Tales and Stories”:

“Children’s literature... until the early 50s was in a pitiful situation, even pictures cut exclusively on copper, due to lack of good artists, came out as popular prints.”

The picture on the engraved title represents children settling down round table in the living room and among them is “Grandfather Irenei” with a book in his hands. Despite all the conventionality of the drawing, the image of “Grandfather Iriney” is quite consistent with his prototype: “a small, thin, short, very clean man with smoothed hair” - Iriney Modestovich Gomozeyka, under whose name “Motley Tales” by V.F. appeared in 1833. Odoevsky.

“Fairy Tales and Stories” is not Odoevsky’s only experience, children's writer and teacher. Together with his relative - translator and publisher V.A. Vrassky - he prepared two collections entitled “Children’s book for Sundays"(St. Petersburg, 18331834). In the 1830s, Odoevsky published not only one of his most famous works- “Town in a snuffbox”, but also many articles on the theory of pedagogy. With problems public education and education was associated with him social activity. An influential dignitary, he accepted Active participation in the organization of schools, hospitals, orphanages, compiled books and textbooks for public schools. Odoevsky was convinced that ignorance always goes hand in hand with immorality.

Writer, philosopher, musician-theorist, scientist, interested in mathematics, physics, natural sciences, medicine and alchemy - from all the diversity creative activities Odoevsky's works for children received the greatest recognition. During the second half of the 19th century centuries, “Fairy Tales and Stories” were reprinted about ten times. As for the collection of 1838, which by the will of fate became an absolute book rarity, this is one of the first literary performances Odoevsky under the guise of “Grandfather Iriney”.

All rights reserved. No part electronic version This book may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, including posting on the Internet or corporate networks, for private or public use without the written permission of the copyright owner.

Address to the reader

DEAR READER!

In your hands is a book that contains works created more than 150 years ago, back in the 19th century. Grandfather Iriney is one of the many pseudonyms of the writer Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky (1804–1869).

He belonged to the ancient Russian family of Rurikovich. Since childhood, Vladimir was inquisitive, read a lot, enthusiastically. He studied diligently at the Noble boarding school of Moscow University, founded by the brilliant Russian scientist and poet Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. Successfully completed his “Preparatory Encyclopedic Program” and tirelessly studied additionally. Already in childhood he became known as an encyclopedist, that is, widely educated person. Vladimir Odoevsky graduated from the boarding house with a gold medal.

During his student years, V. Odoevsky was passionate about various sciences and arts: philosophy and chemistry, mathematics and music, history and museum affairs... His idol was Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov. “This man is my ideal. He is a type of Slavic all-encompassing spirit,” admitted Vladimir Odoevsky. But most of all Odoevsky was attracted to literature: Russian speech, Russian poetry, literary creativity, which became his life’s work. However, having become famous writer, he often changed professional occupations. “A person should not ... give up the activity to which the circumstances of his life call him,” said the writer. And Odoevsky’s life was interesting, emotional, and intellectually rich.

He was a member of the famous society of wise men. Together with the future Decembrist V.K. Kuchelbecker published the almanac Mnemosyne, which was popular in those years. He was bestowed with friendly attention by A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol, V. A. Zhukovsky, M. Yu. Lermontov, composer M. I. Glinka, scientist-critic “frantic” Vissarion Belinsky... Vladimir Fedorovich wrote his first book Odoevsky gave the following title: “Motley fairy tales with eloquent words, collected by Irinei Modestovich Gomozeyka, master of philosophy and member of various learned societies, published by V. Bezglasny.”

Literally - a hoax name, but interesting. When you become an adult, my friend, read this book. You will receive great pleasure! One of the fairy tales is named after mystical hero- “Igosha.” He is from the shishimor, shishig family (these are restless lake spirits). This is exactly what Igosha is like – armless, legless, invisible, mischievous. He is looking for justice. This causes a lot of anxiety. But at the same time it makes you respect yourself.

This fantastic fairy tale V. Odoevsky echoes the works of Ernest Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann - German writer(1776–1822). The fidgety Igosha and Carlson, who lives on the roof, are related. It was invented by Astrid Lindgren - wonderful Swedish writer, very loved by children in many countries.

V.F. Odoevsky loved children. He studied pedagogical ideas Russian and foreign scientists. He created his own theory of childhood and used it when writing fairy tales for children. The writer saw in the child not only the need for fast movement, for lively play. He appreciated his penchant for reflection, curiosity, and responsiveness. He was very interested in what and how children read: with love or only out of necessity. After all, he himself read a lot and enthusiastically, so he knew the value of books and reading. It is no coincidence that the book “Tales of Grandfather Irenaeus” was published during the years of Odoevsky’s literary maturity, when his talent was fully recognized by both readers and critics.

The first children's fairy tale, “The Town in the Snuffbox,” was published back in 1834. Only six years later, in 1840, the writer prepared a separate book for the publication of “Children's Tales of Grandfather Irenaeus.” But there was a misunderstanding: due to large quantity its typos were not published. It appeared only in 1841, although in the then popular magazine “ Domestic notes» for 1840 Vissarion Belinsky already published big article about this book.

The tales were republished more than once in both the 19th and 20th centuries. You, my friend, have in your hands a 21st century edition. It includes fourteen works. When you read them, please think: can they all be called fairy tales? For example, “Silver Ruble”, “Poor Gnedko”, “Excerpts from Masha’s Journal” (and maybe some more)? There are quite pictures in them real life. Why does the kind grandfather Irenaeus put these works on a par with those whose very name makes one want to read fairy tales? For example, “Moroz Ivanovich”, “Town in a Snuff Box”... You apparently met Moroz Ivanovich when you read or listened to Russian folk tales. A snuff box, even if it is large, can hardly accommodate an entire town, even a toy one. In a fairy tale, everything is possible. That's why it's a fairy tale.

Apparently, grandfather Irenaeus wanted to interest, captivate his reader, awaken the imagination, and infect him with fantasy. And at the same time, to encourage you, my friend, to think for yourself, so that you yourself, together with the storyteller Irenaeus, try to get involved in the lives of the heroes, feel the intonation of the story, hear the gentle voice of the narrator. Grandfather Irenaeus wants you to be not an outside observer when reading, but, as it were, actor works. The wise Irenaeus knew that a story becomes fabulously fascinating and unusual if the reader experiences it along with the characters. Imagine that you personally hear the ringing of bells, their conversation, while traveling around the city in a snuff box. It is you and Masha who personally learn the secrets of housekeeping. You yourself are offended by the behavior of Masha’s friends, who humiliate one of the girls because she is not from a rich family. This is you overcoming the temptation to spend all your money on something very pleasant and desirable for you, and not on what you need for your home. And of course, you give an “account to yourself in your life”, guided by your voice kind heart and a “hearted” mind.

The main thing when reading is to feel the kindness of the author himself, grandfather Irenaeus. “What a wonderful old man! What a young, gracious soul he has! What warmth and life emanates from his stories and what an extraordinary skill he has in captivating the imagination, irritating curiosity, and arousing attention, sometimes in the most apparently a simple story! We advise, dear children, to get to know Grandfather Irenaeus better... If you go for a walk with him, the greatest pleasure awaits you: you can run, jump, make noise, and meanwhile he will tell you the name of each grass, each butterfly, how they are born , grow and, dying, are resurrected again for a new life” - this is what the great critic V. Belinsky wrote about the book that is in your hands.

Well, my dear reader, travel with the writer further through the pages of his works. Here is the fairy tale “The Worm”. Before its publication in the collection of fairy tales of grandfather Irenaeus, it was published back in 1835 in the “Children's Book for Sundays.” Just a few pages are devoted to the history of the birth of the worm, his short life, rebirth into a butterfly. A short, sweet sketch. It contains one of the eternal ideas - about the immortality of the soul and about life after death. And how many amazing observations the attentive and wise guide Irenei shared with us. So, together with Misha and Lizanka, we saw a moving worm: “...on a leaf of a flowering bush, under a light transparent blanket, like cotton paper, a worm lay in a thin shell. He had been lying there for a long time, the breeze had been rocking his cradle for a long time, and he was dozing sweetly in his airy bed. The children's conversation awakened the worm; he drilled a window in his shell, looked out into God’s light, looked - it was bright, good, and the sun was warming; our little worm thought.”

This is how the author draws and conveys to us not only the fact of the birth of a worm, but also the movement of his thoughts, his feeling of life: “... it is light, good, and the sun is warming...” Pleasant. But why did you have to appear here? “Is it really possible for me to lie in my bed and look at the curtain for a whole century?” “Maybe I’m good for something else?” This is what we are interested in: what is the worm good for? Just a worm, but how does he reason?! How thoughtfully, if not intelligently, he acts, discovering his possibilities, and in the end, he seems to reflect on his purpose in this personal world. So he even threw a cobweb on the leaf so that the wind wouldn’t take it where it didn’t belong. The worm acts, it is not passive: “It swallowed a leaf, dragged itself to another, and then to a third. Fun for the worm! If the wind smells, it will snuggle up to the cobweb; Whether a cloud comes, his fur coat is not afraid of the rain; Whether the sun is too hot, he’s under a leaf, and he’s laughing at the sun, a mocker!”

Note: before us is a concrete, visible, clear picture. At the same time, for us, readers, she is a source useful knowledge about the life of nature. About interaction, about the interdependence of all living things. This is the idea of harmony.

Here our little worm has begun important work In my life". In an effort to “be something better,” he came down from the leaf and began to look for a shady place. The worm was “preparing to die and building his own grave!” “But the worm didn’t sleep for long!” – addressing us, the readers, says Grandfather Irenaeus. Nature is wise, generous, endless in its development. The worm has “big, rainbow wings, he’s alive, he’s free; he proudly rises into the air”... Now the lovely butterfly is happily making its flight.

Thus, communicating with an interesting, widely educated writer, we make many discoveries for ourselves and acquire new knowledge. We make sure that the beautiful is nearby. But in order to experience the joy of discovery, one must not only look, but also be able to see; not only listen, but also hear the voices of the living world around us.

Grandfather Irenaeus convinces: what is beautiful and meaningful is often indivisible for a person. It is no coincidence that after the confessional tale “Worm” there is a small poetic sketch “Inhabitant of Mount Athos”. So called the wise storyteller seen here “ beautiful flower": "...and he is so beautiful, and he smells so much." At the first moment, exhausted by the failures of treating the plague, the pious scientist thought: a flower lives only for its own sake; it is both beautiful and fragrant. Today we would say: he lives without problems. But no. Peering at the flower, the doctor saw: “... inside the flower is a dead bee.” A hardworking insect, collecting flower pollen, died right in the flower. The bee worked “not for itself, but for others.” Nobody thanked her for her loyalty to her work, which was very necessary for others. And the flower does not grow on Mount Athos to show off itself. It was not for nothing that bees flew to him. The flower benefits people. The desperate man understood all this and regained his joy: “And again the doctor began to collect medicinal herbs, and again, until he sweated, he began to walk from hut to hut and help the sick, to console the dying.”

Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky traveled a lot, met with different people. Life convinced him: the main purpose of man is to do good. And not only humans. The writer proves to us that both the sun and people have a common feeling of misfortune and grief. Skill and work always help both yourself and others. This is the source of earthly and cosmic harmony. It was precisely this understanding of his purpose that helped the boy Andrey - a carpenter and the son of a carpenter - to become not just the right person, but even a famous scientist and architect. If you read the story “The Joiner” about him, pay attention to how warmly and respectfully the author speaks about him. When the workers laughed at him for spending his hard-earned money on books and, instead of relaxing at lunchtime, reading them in the evenings and Sundays, the author notes sympathetically: “What was it like for poor Andrei!” Knowing that a face is attractive when it is sanctified good mind And smart heart, the writer suggests “noticing that those people who study a lot always have a smart and attractive face on their own, because everything that he thinks and feels comes out on a person’s face... Our Andrei was smart, good boy and loved to study; “It was all printed on his face.” The writer, speaking about Andrei, brings him closer to himself and to us, the readers: "Our Andrey", "our Andrei dared to present his essay to the Academy,” the Academy gave “praise our Andrey."

Grandfather Iriney’s speech contains a lot of warmth, affection, and tenderness. There are many unexpected words for you and me, reader. The writer loved and appreciated folk speech. He knew folk tales, sayings, and sayings very well. Some of his works, for example the fairy tale "Moroz Ivanovich", are very close folk tales: they have the same plots, the same characters, events...

However, there is something distinctive in the fairy tale “Moroz Ivanovich” by grandfather Irenaeus. His needlewoman - creative person. Therefore, she is characterized by business ethic, creativity, special observation, and a tendency to think. She came up with the idea that drinking water It would be nice to clean it and make it “crystal”. The girl surprises the smart Moroz Ivanovich with her questions. From their conversation we learn about the benefits of snow, about first aid for frostbite... Many words that we have almost forgotten sound very pleasant in the speech of the heroes: student(well); conscience is not will die…

Now let's return to the question: are all the works in this book fairy tales? After all, the collection is named by the author – “Tales of Grandfather Irenaeus.” This question is interesting for this reason. Does the unusual happen only in fairy tales? Is it only in a fairy tale? small man maybe be stronger than a giant and some Baba Yaga? When you, my friend, were not yet in the world, a song was often heard that began with the words: “We were born to make a fairy tale come true...” Maybe too presumptuously: "make a fairy tale come true..." But many, many things that seemed fabulous became and are becoming reality.

Vasily Fedorovich Odoevsky lived, as you already know, in the first half of the 19th century. He was a dreamer. I wanted all the children to believe in the dream, I hoped that it could become a reality.

Let us remember the fairy tale “The Orphan”. Poor orphan Nastya had a hard life, but she not only survived, but also created a kind of society of grace and joy for many poor children and their parents. The work ends tragically: “And there was no more orphan on earth...” And in the soul there remains warmth, grateful affection for Nastenka’s willpower, perseverance, and compassion for the troubles of others. This is why the work was written.

All fairy tales good grandfather Irenea – dialogue with us. The writer addresses each reader, even if there is no textual appeal. The writer wants us to feel his care, to share his faith in goodness, in the unity of all life on earth and even in space. He speaks to us, hoping that we will hear him.

One of the most attractive, in my opinion, fairy tales in this collection is “About the Four Deaf People.” It is written based on Indian folklore. The fairy tale seems funny: how could it be otherwise if people who are deaf are talking, because they each think about their own. At the same time, the tale is deeply ironic. Her conclusion is quite philosophical: “Do yourself a favor, friends, don’t be deaf! We are given ears to listen. One clever man noticed that we have two ears and one tongue and that, therefore, we need to listen more than talk! Listen and understand each other. Let it be so.

Tamara Polozova,
professor, corresponding member
Russian Academy of Education

TALES OF GRANDFATHER IRENEY

Silver ruble

Grandfather Irenei loved little children very much, that is, children who are smart, listen when they are told something, do not yawn around and do not look out the window when their mother shows them a book. Grandfather Irenei especially loves little Lidinka, and when Lidinka is smart, grandfather gives her a doll, candy, and sometimes a penny, a ten-kopeck piece, a five-kopeck piece, a two-kopeck piece, a quarter, a fifty-kopeck piece. You smart kids probably know what kind of money this is?

One day, grandfather Irenaeus was getting ready to go on the road for a whole month; you know, I tea, how many days are there in a month and how many days in a week? When grandfather Irinei got ready to go on the road, Lidinka cried a lot and counted on her fingers how many days she would not see her grandfather.

Grandfather consoled Lidinka and told her that if she was smart, he would come sooner than she thought.

“And as a keepsake,” said grandfather, “I will leave you a silver ruble and put it here, on the table, in front of the mirror.” If you study well all month and the teachers write in your notebook that you were diligent, then take this ruble - it is yours; until then, let it lie on the table; don’t touch it, just look; and looking at him, remember what I told you.

With these words, grandfather placed a beautiful new ruble on the table in front of the mirror.

Grandfather left; Lidinka cried, grieved, and then, like a smart girl, began to think about how to please her grandfather and study well.

She came up to the table to admire the light silver ruble; She came up, looked and saw that instead of one ruble there were two.

- Oh, what a kind grandfather! - Lidinka said. “He said that he would only put one ruble on the table, but instead he put two.

Lidinka admired her silver rubles for a long time; Then the sun shone through the window directly on the rubles, and they burned as if on fire.

It must be said truthfully that Lidinka studied very well, during her studies she forgot about her rubles, and listened only to what the teacher told her. But when she went to bed in the evening, she could not help but think that she was now very rich, that she had two silver rubles, and as Lidinka diligently learned to count, she immediately realized that she had 20 hryvnias in two rubles ; She had never had such wealth before. What to do with two whole rubles? What to buy with them? Then Lidinka remembered that she had seen a very pretty doll in the shop; only they asked for it very dearly - as much as one and a half silver rubles, that is, a ruble and a half. Yes, she also remembered that she liked the small thimble, for which they asked for 40 kopecks in silver; Yes, she also remembered that she promised the poor lame man who was standing near the church a whole ten-kopeck piece when she had it, because Lidinka, leaving the church, dropped her handkerchief and did not notice it, and the poor lame man picked up the handkerchief and, despite because it was very difficult for him to walk on crutches, he caught up with Lidinka and gave her the handkerchief. But then Lidinka thought that whole week It had been a while since she had promised the lame man a ten-kopeck piece, and that now it would be very nice to give the lame man two kopecks instead of one for the long wait. But if you give a lame person two kopecks, then there won’t be enough money for a doll and a thimble, and Lidinka really needed the thimble, because she was a great needlewoman and sewed dresses for her dolls herself. After thinking a little, Lidinka decided that her old doll was still very nice, but that she just needed to buy a crib, for which they asked for a silver ruble. Lidinka calculated that if she paid a ruble for a crib, forty kopecks for a thimble, and gave two kopecks to a beggar, then she would have some money left over. How much money will Lidinka have left? Count it, children.

Meanwhile, Lidinka thought and thought and went to sleep, and in her sleep she kept dreaming of a shop with toys, and it seemed to her that the doll lay down in the crib and squatted, thanking Lidinka for such a good crib; and she dreamed that the thimble was running across the table and jumped onto her finger, and that with it the lame man was jumping for joy because Lidinka had given him two kopecks.

In the morning Lidinka woke up and began to ask the maid:

“Darling, my dear, go into the living room, there grandfather put two silver rubles on the table for me.” They are so pretty, brand new, bright. Bring them to me to admire.

Dasha obeyed, went into the living room and brought from there a ruble, which grandfather placed on the table.

Lidinka took the ruble.

“Okay,” she said, “well, where is the other one?” Bring another one too; I want to listen to how they ring against each other.

Dasha replied that there was only one ruble on the table, and that the other one had probably been stolen.

- Who stole it? – Lidinka asked.

Dasha laughed.

“Thieves came at night and stole it,” she answered.

Lidinka burst into tears and ran to her mother to tell her about her grief, how her grandfather put two rubles on the table for her, and how Dasha said that thieves came at night and stole one ruble.

Mama called Dasha. What she was talking about with Dasha, Lidinka could not clearly understand, but, however, she noticed that mamma spoke very sternly and blamed Dasha, as if Dasha herself had taken it. These words made Dasha cry.

Lidinka didn’t know what to come up with.

Meanwhile the teacher arrived. Lidinka had to wipe away her tears and start studying, but she was very sad. Meanwhile, she put the ruble back in the same place where her grandfather put it.

When the lesson was over, Lidinka sadly went to the table to admire her remaining ruble and think about how to stretch it so that it would fit on a thimble, a lame person, and a small heavy pillow on which to pin the work, which was also very necessary for Lidinka.

Lidinka went up to the table and screamed with joy: in front of her were both rubles again.

- Mama, mamma! - she screamed. - It’s not Dasha’s fault, both of my rubles are intact.

Mama approached the table.

“What a stupid girl you are,” she said. “Don’t you see that one ruble is real, and the other you see in the mirror, just like you see yourself, me and everything that is in the room.” You didn’t think about it, but I believed you and blamed Dasha for stealing.

Lidinka burst into tears again, ran quickly to Dasha, threw herself on her neck and told her:

- Dasha, my dear, it’s my fault, forgive me, I’m a stupid girl, I told my mother nonsense and let you get angry. Forgive me, have mercy.

From then on, Lidinka no longer thought about the ruble, but tried to study diligently. When she met Dasha, she blushed with shame.

A month later, grandfather came and asked:

- So, Lidinka, have you earned a ruble?

Lidinka didn’t answer and lowered her eyes, and mummy told grandpa everything that happened with the ruble.

Grandfather said:

– You studied well and earned your ruble, it’s yours, take it; and here is the other one, which you saw in the mirror.

“No,” answered Lidinka, “I’m not worth that ruble; I offended poor Dasha with this ruble.

“It’s all the same,” answered the grandfather, “and this ruble is yours.”

Lidinka thought a little.

“Okay,” she said, stuttering, “if the ruble is mine, then let me...

“What,” said grandfather.

“Give it to Dasha,” answered Lidinka.

Grandfather kissed Lidinka, and she ran headlong to Dasha, gave her a ruble and asked her to change another one so she could take two kopecks for the poor lame man.

Slowly say out loud this word - love-wisdom, that is, admiring wisdom. The society gathered people who knew how and loved to philosophize, reflect, reason, and exchange thoughts.

Check out the titles of “Fairy Tales of Grandfather Irenaeus”: “Silver Ruble”, “Organ Grinder”, “ Broken jug"", "Town in a snuffbox", "Anecdotes about ants", "Poor Gnedko", "Carpenter", "Moroz Ivanovich", "About four deaf people", "Worm", "Inhabitant of Mount Athos", "Orphan", "Excerpts from Masha's magazine", "Two Trees". Which of these fairy tales are you familiar with? Which ones can you tell from the title that they are fairy tales? To answer this question absolutely correctly, you need to read them.

Most often you name the fairy tales “Moroz Ivanovich” and “Town in a Snuffbox”. But “Anecdotes about Ants” and many other works from this collection can also be considered fairy tales. What matters is what the author himself gave them common name"Fairy tales". And while reading them, it’s worth thinking about why the author called the most diverse stories that way. He probably thought that each of these tales contains fiction and is the result of the author’s imagination.

Read an excerpt from “Anecdotes about Ants.

As you know, the main occupation of ants is to store food for the winter during the summer. I think all my readers know that ants hide the grains they collect in the ground at night, and during the day they take them out to dry in the sun. If you've ever paid attention to an anthill, you've probably noticed small piles of grains around it. I knew their custom and therefore was extremely surprised to notice that my guests did the completely opposite: they kept their grains underground for the whole day, despite the sunshine, and, on the contrary, took them out at night; one would have thought that they carried their grains to Moonlight, but I was mistaken - my ants had an important reason to act this way and not otherwise.

A short distance from the window there was a dovecote; pigeons constantly sat on the window and ate the grains that caught their eye; Consequently, my ants acted very wisely, hiding their treasure and not trusting its thieves.”

Can you prove that this is an artistic speech and not scientific information?

Before us, of course, piece of art, which conveys the observations of an inquisitive person about insects that accidentally came into his field of vision. He makes a conclusion about their prudence, which a scientist would never do. The researcher will never see human thoughts and feelings in insects, since he knows exactly the characteristics of each living creature. In works of folklore or literature created by any nation, not only living beings, but also natural phenomena and even objects are often humanized. A scientist is always precise in his definitions and characteristics.

The author of this story about ants is your age. Can you remember your own attempt? observe nature and the life of living creatures near you? If this did not happen, how can you explain it?

Students often talk about their observations of animals and various insects during summer holidays. Some students feed birds and squirrels in winter, and funny things happen to them. Thus, one sixth grader was very proud that he had attached a bird feeder to his window, which the crows could not “rob”: he positioned it so skillfully that the crows’ wings prevented them from flying up to this feeder.

Check out the titles of "Fairy Tales of Grandfather Irenaeus": "Silver Ruble", "Organ Grinder", "Broken Jug", "Town in a Snuffbox", "Anecdotes about Ants", "Poor Gnedko", "Carpenter", "Moroz Ivanovich", " About four deaf people", "Worm", "Inhabitant of Mount Athos", "Orphan", "Excerpts from Masha's journal", "Two trees". Which of these fairy tales are you familiar with? Which ones can you tell from the title that they are fairy tales? To answer this question absolutely correctly, you need to read them.

Most often you name the fairy tales “Moroz Ivanovich” and “Town in a Snuffbox”. But “Anecdotes about Ants” and many other works from this collection can also be considered fairy tales. The important thing is that the author himself gave them the general name “Fairy Tales”. And while reading them, it’s worth thinking about why the author called the most diverse stories that way. He probably thought that each of these tales contains fiction and is the result of the author’s imagination.

Read an excerpt from "Anecdotes about Ants":

As you know, the main occupation of ants is to stock up food for the winter during the summer. I think all my readers know that ants hide the grains they collect in the ground at night, and during the day they take them out to dry in the sun. If you've ever paid attention to an anthill, you've probably noticed small piles of grains around it. I knew their custom and therefore was extremely surprised to notice that my guests did the completely opposite: they kept their grains underground for the whole day, despite the sunshine, and, on the contrary, took them out at night; one might have thought that they carried their grains into the moonlight, but I was mistaken - my ants had an important reason for doing this and not otherwise.

A short distance from the window there was a dovecote; pigeons constantly sat on the window and ate the grains that caught their eye; Consequently, my ants acted very wisely in hiding their treasure and not trusting its thieves.

Can you prove what's in front of you artistic speech, and not scientific information?

Before us, of course, is a work of art that conveys the observations of an inquisitive person about insects that accidentally came into his field of vision. He makes a conclusion about their prudence, which a scientist would never do. The researcher will never see human thoughts and feelings in insects, since he knows exactly the characteristics of each living creature. In works of folklore or literature created by any nation, not only living beings, but also natural phenomena and even objects are often humanized. A scientist is always precise in his definitions and characteristics.

The author of this story about ants is your age. Can you remember your own attempt? observe nature and the life of living creatures near you? If this did not happen, how can you explain it?

Students often talk about their observations of animals and various insects during the summer holidays. Some students feed birds and squirrels in winter, and funny things happen to them. Thus, one sixth grader was very proud that he had attached a bird feeder to his window, which the crows could not “rob”: he positioned it so skillfully that the crows’ wings prevented them from flying up to this feeder.

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Additional essays on this topic

Most often you name the fairy tales “Moroz Ivanovich” and “Town in a Snuffbox”. But “Anecdotes about Ants” and many other works from this collection can also be considered fairy tales. The important thing is that the author himself gave them the general name “Fairy Tales”. And while reading them, it’s worth thinking about why the author called a variety of narratives that way. He probably thought that each of these tales contains fiction and is the result of the author’s imagination.

Read an excerpt from “Anecdotes about Ants”:

As you know, the main occupation of ants is to store food for the winter during the summer. I think all my readers know that ants hide the grains they collect in the ground at night, and during the day they take them out to dry in the sun. If you have ever paid attention to an anthill, then you probably noticed small piles of grains around it. I knew their custom and therefore was extremely surprised to notice that my guests did the completely opposite: they kept their grains underground all day long, despite the sunshine, and, on the contrary, took them outside at night; one might have thought that they carried their grains into the moonlight, but I was mistaken - my ants had an important reason for doing this and not otherwise.

Can you prove that this is an artistic speech and not scientific information?

Before us, of course, is a work of art that conveys the observations of an inquisitive person about insects that accidentally came into his field of vision. He draws a conclusion about their prudence, which a scientist would never do. The researcher will never see human thoughts and feelings in insects, since he knows exactly the characteristics of each living creature. In works of folklore or literature created by any of the nations, not only living beings, but also natural phenomena and even objects are often humanized. A scientist is always precise in his definitions and characteristics.

The author of this story about ants is your age. Can you remember your own attempt? observe nature and the life of living creatures near you? If this did not happen, how can you explain it?

Students often talk about their observations of animals and various insects during the summer holidays. Some students feed birds and squirrels in winter, and funny things happen to them. Thus, one sixth grader was very proud that he had attached a tit feeder to his window, which the crows could not “rob”: he positioned it so skillfully that the crows’ wings prevented them from approaching this feeder .