Today, robotics classes are becoming very popular. Such lessons help schoolchildren to form and develop critical thinking, learn to creatively approach the process of solving problems of varying levels of complexity, and also gain teamwork skills.
New Generation
Modern education is moving to a new stage of its development. Many teachers and parents are looking for an opportunity to get children interested in science, instill a love of learning and charge them with the desire to create and think outside the box. Traditional forms of presenting material have long lost their relevance. The new generation is not like its forefathers. They want to learn in a lively, interesting, interactive way. This generation easily navigates modern technologies. Children want to develop in such a way that they not only keep up with rapidly developing technologies, but also directly participate in this process.
Many of them are interested in: “What is robotics? Where can you learn this?
Education and robots
This academic discipline includes subjects such as design, programming, algorithms, mathematics, physics and other disciplines related to engineering. The World Robotics Olympiad (World Robotics Olympiad - WRO) is held annually. In the educational field, this is a massive competition that allows those who are encountering a similar subject for the first time to better learn what robotics is. It gives participants from more than 50 countries the opportunity to try their hand at it. About 20 thousand teams, consisting of children from 7 to 18 years old, come to the competition.
The main goal of WRO: development and popularization of STT (scientific and technical creativity) and robotics among youth and children. Such Olympiads are a modern educational tool of the 21st century.
New opportunities
In order for children to better understand what robotics is, the competitions use theoretical and practical skills acquired in classes as part of club work and the school curriculum for the study of natural sciences and exact sciences. Passion for the robotics discipline gradually develops into a desire to learn more deeply about sciences such as mathematics, physics, computer science and technology.
WRO is a unique opportunity for its participants and observers not only to learn more deeply about robotics, but also to develop the creativity and critical thinking skills that are so necessary in the 21st century.
Education
Interest in the educational discipline of robotics is growing every day. The material base is constantly improving and developing, many ideas that until recently remained a dream are now a reality. Studying the subject “Fundamentals of Robotics” has become possible for a large number of children. In the lessons, children learn to solve problems with limited resources, process and assimilate information, and use it in the right way.
Children learn easily. The modern younger generation, brought up on various gadgets, as a rule, has no difficulties in mastering the discipline “Fundamentals of Robotics”, provided they have the desire and thirst for new knowledge.
It is necessary that even adults are more difficult to retrain than to teach the pure but thirsty minds of children. A positive trend is the enormous attention paid to the popularization of robotics among young people by Russian government agencies. And this is understandable, since the task of modernization and attracting young specialists is a question of the state’s competitiveness in the international arena.
Importance of the subject
Today, a pressing issue for the Ministry of Education is the introduction of educational robotics into the range of school disciplines. It is considered an important area of development. In technology lessons, children should gain an understanding of the modern field of technology development and design, which gives them the opportunity to invent and build themselves. It is not necessary for all students to become engineers, but everyone should have the opportunity.
In general, robotics lessons are extremely interesting for children. This is important for everyone to understand - both teachers and parents. Such classes provide an opportunity to see other disciplines in a different light and understand the meaning of their study. But it is the meaning, the understanding of why this is necessary, that moves the minds of the guys. Its absence negates all the efforts of teachers and parents.
An important factor is that learning robotics is not a stressful process and completely absorbs children. This is not only the development of the student’s personality, but also an opportunity to get away from the street, unfavorable environment, idle pastime and the consequences that entail.
Origin
The name of robotics itself comes from the corresponding English robotics. which develops technical automated systems. In production, it is one of the main technical foundations of intensification.
All laws of robotics, like science itself, are closely related to electronics, mechanics, telemechanics, mechanotronics, computer science, radio engineering, and electrical engineering. Robotics itself is divided into industrial, construction, medical, space, military, underwater, aviation and household.
The concept of “robotics” was first used in his stories by a science fiction writer. This was in 1941 (the story “Liar”).
The word “robot” itself was coined in 1920 by Czech writers and his brother Josef. It was included in the science fiction play "Rossum's Universal Robots", which was staged in 1921 and enjoyed great audience success. Today one can observe how the line outlined in the play has been widely developed in the light of science fiction cinematography. The essence of the plot: the owner of the plant is developing and setting up the production of a large number of androids that can work without rest. But these robots eventually rebel against their creators.
Historical examples
Interestingly, the beginnings of robotics appeared in ancient times. This is evidenced by the remains of moving statues that were made in the 1st century BC. Homer wrote in the Iliad about handmaidens created from gold who were able to speak and think. Today, the intelligence that robots are endowed with is called artificial intelligence. Additionally, the ancient Greek mechanical engineer Archytas of Tarentum is credited with the design and creation of the mechanical flying pigeon. This event dates back to approximately 400 BC.
There are many such examples. They are well covered in the book by I.M. Makarov. and Topcheeva Yu.I. "Robotics: history and prospects." It tells in a popular way about the origins of modern robots, and also outlines the robotics of the future and the corresponding development of human civilization.
Types of robots
At the present stage, the most important classes of general-purpose robots are mobile and manipulative.
Mobile is an automatic machine with a moving chassis and controlled drives. These robots can be walking, wheeled, tracked, crawling, swimming, or flying.
A manipulator is an automatic stationary or mobile machine, consisting of a manipulator with several degrees of mobility and program control that performs motor and control functions in production. Such robots come in floor, portal or suspended form. They are most widespread in instrument-making and machine-building industries.
Ways to move
Wheeled and tracked robots have become widespread. Moving a walking robot is a challenging dynamic problem. Such robots cannot yet have the stable movement inherent in humans.
Regarding flying robots, we can say that most modern airplanes are just that, but they are controlled by pilots. At the same time, the autopilot can control the flight at all stages. Flying robots also include their subclass - cruise missiles. Such devices are lightweight and carry out dangerous missions, including firing at the operator’s command. In addition, there are design devices capable of firing independently.
There are flying robots that use the propulsion techniques used by penguins, jellyfish, and stingrays. This method of movement can be seen in the Air Penguin, Air Ray, and Air Jelly robots. They are manufactured by Festo. But RoboBee robots use insect flight methods.
Among crawling robots, there are a number of developments that are similar in movement to worms, snakes and slugs. In this case, the robot uses friction forces on a rough surface or the curvature of the surface. This type of movement is useful for narrow spaces. Such robots are needed to search for people under the rubble of destroyed buildings. Snake-like robots are capable of moving in water (such as the ACM-R5 made in Japan).
Robots moving along a vertical surface use the following approaches:
- similar to a person who climbs a wall with ledges (Stanford robot Capuchin);
- similar to geckos equipped with vacuum suction cups (Wallbot and Stickybot).
Among swimming robots, there are many developments that move according to the principle of imitating fish. The efficiency of such movement is 80% higher than the efficiency of movement with a propeller. Such designs have low noise levels and high maneuverability. This is why they are of great interest to underwater researchers. Such robots include models from the University of Essex - Robotic Fish and Tuna, developed by the Field Robotics Institute. They are modeled after the movement characteristic of tuna. Among the robots that imitate the movement of a stingray, the famous development of the Festo company is Aqua Ray. And the robot that moves like a jellyfish is Aqua Jelly from the same developer.
Club work
Most robotics clubs are aimed at primary and secondary schools. But children of preschool age are not deprived of attention. The main role here is played by the development of creativity. Preschoolers must learn to think freely and translate their ideas into creativity. That is why robotics classes in clubs for children under 6 years of age are aimed at the active use of cubes and simple construction sets.
The school curriculum is certainly becoming more complicated. It gives you the opportunity to get acquainted with different classes of robots, try yourself in practice, and delve deeper into science. New disciplines reveal the child’s potential for gaining professional skills and knowledge in the chosen field of engineering.
Robotic complexes
The modern development of robotics is at such a stage that it seems that a powerful breakthrough in robot technology is about to occur. This is the same as with video calling and mobile gadgets. Until recently, all this seemed inaccessible to mass consumption. But today it is commonplace and has ceased to amaze. But every robotics exhibition shows us fantastic projects that capture a person’s spirit at the mere thought of their implementation in the life of society.
In the education system, complex installations of robots make it possible to implement a program using project activities, among which the following are popular:
Control
By type of control systems there are:
- biotechnical (command, copying, semi-automatic);
- automatic (software, adaptive, intelligent);
- interactive (automated, supervisory, interactive).
The main tasks of robot control include:
- planning movements and positions;
- planning of forces and moments;
- identification of dynamic and kinematic data;
- dynamic accuracy analysis.
The development of control methods is of great importance in the field of robotics. This is important for technical cybernetics and the theory of automatic control.
Victoria FedoseenkoVocals, foreign languages, cross stitch or robots? To help doubting parents, Smartbabr experts give arguments in favor of robotics.
Robotics classes help develop logical and systematic thinking, as well as creative abilities. Even if your child does not become an engineer and he does not need the ability to control a robot, then an understanding of how an automatic device works and design experience will definitely be useful in other activities, no matter what profession the child chooses in the future.
Nowadays school education is mostly formal. It does not allow a person to successfully build his life in a complex technical world. Thanks to robotics, a child gets to know drawing, 3D modeling, construction in practice, comprehends three-dimensional perception of space, and much more. In a word, he learns to think not only with his “head”, but also with his “hands”. And also at the same time: both with the head and with the hands.
In robotics clubs, high school students see physical laws in action. Students in grades 5-7 solve interesting geometric and mathematical problems. Kindergarten and elementary school kids doing robotics develop motor skills, attention, and the ability to work in a group.
If robotics is added to the core curriculum, even as a technology subject, its meaning will begin to be lost. Today, schools spend time and resources selectively. For example, many educational institutions do not support gifted children, although there are corresponding government programs and their implementation is the responsibility of the school. And technology lessons are not taught everywhere. There is a possibility that something similar will happen with robotics classes: formally they will exist, but whether they will be useful is a moot point. Of course, exceptions are possible and great and good things will flash somewhere.
But in any case, mugs are more suitable for gifted children interested in studying robotics, as they help them go deeper. Therefore, even if robotics is introduced into the main school curriculum, circle movement cannot be abandoned.
I believe that practicing robotics greatly develops logic, increases systematic thinking, and all this also affects the degree of awareness in decisions made. Just assembling robots can help develop fine motor skills. Children also gain knowledge not only about how robots work, but also how existing systems function. This skill will help them in the future when designing their own systems in any industry, because there is a set of rules and restrictions in any type of activity.
I am sure that you can start studying robotics, at least in some simple and illustrative examples, from the age of 5-6. A child at this age is already quite fully aware of his actions, and also has a thinking that has not yet become “overgrown” with patterns. At this age, children are very open and are simply bursting with ideas and creativity. Just take a look at their drawings. All this can contribute in the future to the development of qualitatively new systems, these children will be unique in their kind.
Should this discipline be included in the school curriculum? Not sure. After all, there is a state standard, and without the proper participation of the state, it is quite difficult to adapt to it with something innovative. But as an elective, yes. However, now there is a large shortage of such specialists who would agree to teach these subjects in schools. I think this is up to technical higher education institutions, which will take on this burden as part of their career guidance work.
Robotics classes help develop logical and systematic thinking, as well as creative abilities. These are very useful qualities that will definitely be useful to a child in the future, even if his career is not related to technical sciences. If you delve deeper into the process of practicing robotics, you can understand that success in this area is impossible without knowledge of physics, mathematics, computer science and the ability to apply them when solving non-standard problems. That is, robotics is a meta-subject, and those teachers who are already organizing clubs for their children to develop robotic skills will definitely receive dividends in the future in the form of developing and nurturing an erudite and interested personality in their students, who will be able to analyze and reason logically using knowledge from various fields, and work at the intersection of sciences, which will definitely be in demand in the future.
In addition, not only adult schoolchildren, but also preschool children can engage in robotics. The robot control element for preschoolers is entertaining. For elementary school students, robotics classes develop logical thinking, and at this stage they also have a need to create new things. High school students are interested in creating robot models to solve real problems and problems. As a rule, at this stage, students already understand why they are engaged in robotics, and thus they develop a need to study technical disciplines, conduct project activities, and study related sciences aimed at solving a specific problem.
Of course, there should be an opportunity to engage in robotics, at least as part of a group activity. To a greater extent, robotics as a school subject can be aimed at explaining and applying theoretical knowledge acquired in the classroom as an interdisciplinary applied project activity. If we talk about the “technology” discipline, it is usually aimed at gaining the practical skill of creating something, so robotics can also be an element of it.
I would divide robotics into two large components: programming and electronics.
Possession of these components separately already turns young people into sought-after specialists, and simultaneous possession of both the first and second makes one specialist equivalent to two.
I believe that robotics will benefit children of all ages, as it develops a general understanding of how any technology works.
What benefits does learning the structure and control of robots give to children? A very correct question. Its relevance will become especially acute in 50 years, when the computing power of computers will exceed the capabilities of the human brain. We are already surrounded by technology. Understanding the human-machine interface means controlling machines. Our children need to lay the foundations of human-computer-robot interaction now, in order to avoid the scenarios of the Terminator movie.
If we talk about school education, I believe that it is necessary to include classes in robotics as an elective in classes with in-depth study of mathematics and physics in order to link fundamental sciences to practice. You need to start from 5th grade and exclusively for those interested.
The task that now faces the Russian education system is the preparation of creative engineers who could invent and implement new technologies that have no analogues in the world. Now we can say that in the next five years the most in-demand professions will be engineering. Accordingly, those children who will be interested in robotics and design now are future innovative engineers who will be in demand not only in the Russian but also in the international market.
First of all, the basics of robotics and programming teach a child to think logically, build correct cause-and-effect relationships, carry out analytical operations and draw conclusions correctly. Secondly, modern children who are familiar with various mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets with a touch interface) do not know how to write and draw by hand; the parts of their brain responsible for creativity are simply not activated. Such children are not capable of creating, they can only recombine something or simply consume.
Passion for robotics, programming, and design encourages children of any age to think creatively and produce a unique product. This is the key to a successful future not only for an individual child, but also for the country as a whole.
Children need to start teaching robotics as early as possible, since interest in engineering professions manifests itself literally from the age of 5. This interest needs to be developed and promoted everywhere, not only in schools, but also in kindergartens, private clubs and circles.
Photo: russianrobotics.ru, from the personal archives of experts
The test should contain simple and clearly formulated questions about the designer, about Legos, about the laws of physics, mathematics, etc. The recommended number of questions is from 10 to 20. Students answer simple questions and test their level of knowledge. It is recommended to include several questions on ingenuity in the test from the cycle: “What if...”. As a result of testing, we must understand whether the student has learned anything.
Let's give some examples questions for monitoring knowledge in robotics for the 1st half of the year.
1) Design is .....(choose the correct definition of the term)
2) Using keywords, determine the type of constructor: ball, groove, angle of inclination, obstacles.
3) Select the main characteristics of the wooden construction set:
4) Choose the missing word: ____________construction set consists of bricks of different colors and sizes, which are “put on” each other using special fasteners.
5) Choose a construction kit that can transform from one complete model to another.
6) A set of various metal plates and corners that are fastened together with bolts is called?
7) Direct use of materials to provide some mechanical function; Moreover, everything is based on the mutual adhesion and resistance of bodies. Choose the term that matches this definition:
8) Who formulated the three laws of Robotics? What is the name and surname of the science fiction writer who formulated the three laws of robotics?
9) An anthropomorphic machine that imitates a person, seeking to replace a person in any of his activities. Specify the term corresponding to this definition:
10) Who coined the word "Robot"? What is the First and Last Name of the science fiction writer, the author of the word "ROBOT".
11) An automatic device created on the principle of a living organism. Acting according to a pre-programmed program and receiving information about the outside world from sensors, it independently carries out production and other operations usually performed by humans. Specify the term corresponding to this definition:
12) A set of mechanisms that replace a person or animal in a certain area; It is used mainly for labor automation. Indicate the term corresponding to this definition:
13) Part of the Lego Mindstorms EV3 construction set, designed for programming precise and powerful movements of the robot:
MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONADDITIONAL EDUCATION
THE HOUSE FOR ARTS AND CRAFTS FOR CHILDREN
MUNICIPALITY
CAUCASIAN DISTRICT
Lesson outline
on this topic : "Introductory lesson in robotics."
Participants:
students of the “Robot” association
1 year of study, 11-18 years old
Art. Caucasian 2016
Target: developing children's interest and desire to engage in robotics
Tasks:
- educational:
Introduce children to the main areas of robotics and modern robotic production;
Formation of polytechnic knowledge about the most common and promising technologies in robotics;
Learn to apply your knowledge and skills in new situations.
- educational:
Cultivate accuracy and patience when working with constructors;
Foster a caring attitude towards the material and technical base of the robotics laboratory;
Foster a culture of communication.
- developing:
Develop independence and ability to solve creative, inventive problems;
- develop observation skills, the ability to reason, discuss, analyze, and perform work based on diagrams and technological maps;
Develop design and technological abilities, spatial concepts.
- health-saving:
Compliance with safety regulations.
Equipment: computer, multimedia presentation, ready-made robots.
Materials: robot assembly diagrams, designer parts.
Tools: pencil, ruler.
Basic concepts used in the lesson:Lego - robots, construction, programming.
Formation of UUD(universal learning activities):
Personal UUD:
- Develop curiosity and intelligence when performing a variety of problematic tasks.
- Develop attentiveness, perseverance, determination, and the ability to overcome difficulties.
- Foster a sense of justice and responsibility.
Cognitive UUD:
- Become familiar with the concepts Lego - robots ", " design», « programming».
- Select parts of a given shape on the finished robot.
- Analyze the arrangement of parts in the robot.
- Build a robot from parts.
- Determine the place of a given part in the structure.
- Compare the obtained (intermediate, final) result with a given condition.
- Analyze the proposed possible options for the correct solution.
- Model a robot from parts.
- Carry out extensive control and self-control actions: compare the finished robot with the sample.
- Know the basic rules of working with the constructor.
- Create standard robot models from parts.
Communication UUD:
- Develop the ability to work individually and in groups.
- Express your opinion and listen to the opinions of others,
Complement the opinion of comrades, cooperate with peers.
- Be able to ask questions.
Regulatory UUD:
- To develop the ability to determine the purpose of activity in the classroom.
- Accept and save the learning task.
- Carry out final and step-by-step control of the results.
- Accept the teacher's assessment adequately.
- To develop the ability to carry out cognitive and personal
reflection.
Pedagogical technologies used:
Personality-oriented;
Group technology;
Technology of collective creative activity;
Health-saving;
Individual training.
Lesson plan:
- Organizational part of the lesson. (2 minutes)
- Communicate the goals and objectives of the lesson. (2 minutes)
- Posting new material. (10 minutes)
- Activity planning.(3 minutes)
- Practical work. (20 minutes)
- Summing up the work. (3 minutes)
Progress of the lesson.
1. Organizational part of the lesson. Preparation of jobs.
2. Communicating the goals and objectives of the lesson.
Teacher: Guys, today we are going to get acquainted with the main areas of robotics and modern robotic production.
3.Message of new material:
Teacher: Robotics is an applied science that deals with the development of automated technical systems.
Robotics is the first step in mastering technical knowledge in the field of automation. It is directly related to such sciences as electronics, mechanics, computer science, radio engineering, and electronics.
Types of robotics: construction, industrial, aviation, household, extreme, military, space, underwater.
The word “robot” was coined in 1920 by the Czech writer Karel Capek in his science fiction play. The robots created in it work without rest, then rebel and destroy their creators
A robot is an automatic device created on the principle of a living organism. The robot operates according to a preset program. The robot receives information about the outside world from sensors (analogs of sensory organs). In this case, the robot can both communicate with the operator (receive commands from him) and act autonomously.
The development of robotics and artificial intelligence systems is progressing by leaps and bounds. Just 10 years ago, only controlled manipulators were developed. Artificial intelligence programs were aimed at a narrow range of problems to be solved. With the development of ICT, there has been a qualitative leap in the development of robotics.
The development of robots in the future will be able to significantly change the way people live. Machines endowed with intelligence will be able to be used for a wide variety of jobs, primarily those that are unsafe for humans.
Industrial robotics is one of the most successfully developing areas. There are already factories where 30 robots assemble cars.
Currently, such a direction as the creation of bionic prostheses is rapidly developing. In the operating rooms of the future, robots will become an extension or replacement for the hands of surgeons. They are more accurate and allow operations to be carried out in remote control mode.
Robots will be endowed with the ability to “self-learn”, accumulating their own experience and using it in the same situations when performing other jobs. Any invention can be used with good intentions or with evil intentions, so scientists need to consider all possible scenarios and anticipate all possible consequences of their discoveries.
An Android is a humanoid robot.
Robot classes:
Manipulative,which in turn are divided into stationary and mobile.
Manipulation robots are automatic machines consisting of an actuator in the form of a manipulator with several degrees of mobility and a program control device.
Mobile , which in turn are divided into wheeled, walking, and tracked. And also crawling, swimming, flying.
A mobile robot is an automatic machine that has a moving chassis with automatically controlled drives.
Robot components: Actuators are the “muscles” of robots. Currently, the most popular motors in drives are electric, but others using chemicals or compressed air are also used.
4.Activity planning.
Teacher: You learned about robots and robotics, and now I suggest you work in a design office and draw your own models of robots, come up with their purpose, scope and equipment. For example: the model controls order on the street.
5. Practical work. Students work on creating a sketch of their robot. Describe its technical characteristics.
I suggest you summary of children's educational activities 10-12 years old (middle group students) on the topic “In the jungle of robotics.” This work will be useful for both school teachers and additional education workers (club leaders). We bring to your attention, which is aimed at developing curiosity among schoolchildren, as well as nurturing their interest in technical fields, the work of engineers and programmers. More details here: https://repetitor.ru/repetitors/informatika, you will find a lot of interesting things
Goal: to develop children’s ideas about what it is robotics, what is its history, purpose and place in the modern world.
Demo material:
- Presentation on the topic “History of robotics and Lego constructors”,
- video "Jungle".
Handout: Lego Education 9580 construction sets
Methodological techniques: conversation-dialogue, game situation, viewing a presentation, conversation, thematic physical education, experiment, productive activity of schoolchildren, analysis, summing up.
Lesson summary “In the jungle of robotics”
Teacher: “Hello, guys!
In all past classes, we got acquainted with the Lego constructor and the Lego Education program. You learned how to assemble robots using ready-made instructions and program their actions yourself. Today we will summarize all our knowledge in the “Funny Animals” section, namely, we will construct four models. 1st department:
- "Roaring Lion"
- "Hungry Alligator"
- "Drummer Monkey"
- "Dancing Birds"
To do this, today we will take a trip to the jungle, but not an ordinary one, but a robotics jungle. Travelers will be divided into 4 groups. Each department must assemble a robot in a short time, create a program in the Lego Education environment and “bring the model to life.” We find out which group is the most energetic, the friendliest, and the fastest in scientific experiments by observing the speed and correctness of the assembly, as well as the behavior of the robot.
Students begin to assemble.
Teacher: “While the designers are busy at work, we invite specialists in the field of Lego robots to talk about the history of modern designers and robots.”
Students: “Robotics (from robots and technology; English robotics) is an applied science that deals with the development of automated technical systems and is the most important technical basis for the intensification of production.
The most important classes of general-purpose robots are manipulative and mobile robots.
Manipulation robot- an automatic machine (stationary or mobile), consisting of an actuator in the form of a manipulator with several degrees of mobility, and a program control device, which serves to perform motor and control functions in the production process. Such robots are produced in floor-mounted, suspended and gantry versions. They are most widespread in the machine-building and instrument-making industries.
Mobile robot- an automatic machine that has a moving chassis with automatically controlled drives. Such robots can be wheeled, walking and tracked (there are also crawling, swimming and flying mobile robotic systems.
Robotic systems are also popular in the field of education as modern high-tech research tools in the field of automatic control theory and mechatronics. Their use in various educational institutions of secondary and higher vocational education makes it possible to implement the concept of “project-based learning”, which forms the basis of such a large joint educational program of the United States and the European Union as ILERT.
The use of the capabilities of robotic systems in engineering education makes it possible to simultaneously develop professional skills in several related disciplines: mechanics, control theory, circuit design, programming, information theory. The demand for complex knowledge contributes to the development of connections between research teams. In addition, already in the process of specialized training, students are faced with the need to solve real practical problems.
Existing robotic systems for educational laboratories:
- Mechatronics Control Kit
- Festo Didactic
- LEGO Mindstorms
- fischertechnik.
Robotics draws on disciplines such as electronics, mechanics, computer science, as well as radio and electrical engineering. There are construction, industrial, household, aviation and extreme (military, space, underwater) robotics. The Lego series has become an important construction kit for studying robots in school.
LEGO(translated from Danish as “play well”) - a series of toys, which are sets of parts for assembling and modeling various objects. LEGO sets are produced by the LEGO Group, which is headquartered in Denmark. Here, in Denmark, on the Jutland peninsula, in the small town of Billund, there is the largest Legoland in the world - a city built entirely from LEGO constructors.
The main product of the LEGO company are colorful plastic bricks, small figures, etc. LEGO can be used to build objects such as vehicles, buildings, and moving robots. Everything that is built can then be disassembled and the parts used to create other objects. The LEGO company began producing plastic bricks in 1949. Since then, LEGO has expanded its reach to include films, games, competitions, and seven theme parks. However, there are many clones and fakes of the designer.
Presentation “The History of Robots and Lego” is underway
Teacher: “And now young researchers will share their knowledge about the jungle. They will tell you about the jungle."
Students: “Ju?ngli are trees and shrubs combined with tall grasses. The English who lived in India borrowed this word from the Hindi language.
The largest jungles exist in the Amazon basin in most of Central America (where they are called “selvas”), in equatorial Africa, in many areas of Southeast Asia, and in Australia. Jungle trees have several common characteristics that are not seen in plants in less humid climates: The base of the trunk in many species has broad, woody projections.
The treetops are often very well connected with each other by vines. Other characteristics of the jungle include the unusually thin (1-2 mm) bark of the trees. In the jungle there are broad-nosed monkeys, a number of families of rodents, bats, llamas, marsupials, several orders of birds, as well as some reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrates.
Many animals with prehensile tails live in trees. There are a lot of insects, especially butterflies, and a lot of fish. Two-thirds of all animal and plant species on the planet live in the jungle. It is estimated that millions of animal and plant species remain undescribed."
The Jungle video is playing.
Students use Lego WeDo to create models of a roaring lion, a drummer monkey, a hungry alligator and dancing birds. Students assemble robots, program and demonstrate models. Those in charge announce the results of filling out the analysis table of the goals and objectives set in an open lesson.
Robot models
Group No. 1.
Student No. 1.1: “We assembled a “monkey-drummer” model and programmed it. The energy is transferred from the laptop to the motor, and from the motor, first the small gear rotates, then the ring gear. This in turn rotates the axis. The fists raise and lower the paws of our drummer. We were faced with the task of building a monkey that would beat out different rhythms, and we succeeded. We tried to create different movements of the monkey by changing the position of the cams. Changing the position changes the sound and timing of the monkey’s paw strikes.”
Student No. 1.2: “Despite its terrifying appearance, this large monkey, more than two meters tall, is very friendly; males from the same flock usually do not compete with each other, and in order for the leader to be obeyed, it is enough to widen his eyes and utter an appropriate cry, hitting himself on the chest with his fingers. This behavior is just an act and is never followed by an attack.
Before a real attack, he looks into the eyes of the enemy for a long time and silently. Staring directly into the eyes is challenging not only in gorillas, but in almost all mammals, including dogs, cats and even humans. Baby gorillas stay with their mother for almost four years. When the next one is born, the mother begins to alienate the older one, but never does it rudely; she seems to invite him to try his hand at adulthood himself.
Having woken up, the gorillas go in search of food. They devote the remaining time to rest and games. After the evening meal, they arrange a kind of bedding on the ground, on which they fall asleep.”
Group No. 2.
Student No. 2.1: We assembled a “roaring lion” model. The energy is transferred to the motor, which receives energy from the computer. This drives the gear, which turns the crown wheel. The crown wheel is connected to the same axle on which the lion's front paws are fixed; when the axle rotates, the lion sits down or lies down. Let's demonstrate how the model works.
Student #2.2:. “The lion is a species of predatory mammal, one of the four representatives of the panther genus. It is the second largest living cat after the tiger - the weight of some males can reach 250 kg. A characteristic feature of a lion is a thick mane in males, which is not found in other representatives of the cat family.
Prefers open spaces, where it finds coolness in the shade of rare trees. For hunting, it is better to have a wide view in order to notice herds of grazing herbivores from afar and develop a strategy on how best to approach them unnoticed. Outwardly, it is a lazy beast that dozes and sits around for a long time.
It is only when the lion is hungry and forced to chase herds of herbivores or when he must defend his territory that he comes out of his stupor. Lions were popular in culture in ancient times and the Middle Ages, they were reflected in sculpture, painting, on national flags, coats of arms, in myths, literature and films.”
Group No. 3.
Student No. 3.1: We assembled a “hungry alligator” model. The energy is transferred from the computer to the motor, which rotates the ring gear. This gear is mounted on one axis with a pulley. A belt is placed on a small pulley, which transmits movement to a large pulley. He opens and closes the alligator's mouth. Let's demonstrate how the model works: put a fish in - the mouth closes, take out a fish - the mouth opens.
Student No. 3.2: “Alligator is a genus that includes only two modern species: the American (or Mississippi) alligator and the Chinese alligator. Large alligators have red eyes, while smaller ones have green eyes. Based on this feature, an alligator can be detected at night. The largest alligator ever recorded in history was discovered on an island in the US state of Louisiana - its length was . Several giant specimens were weighed, the largest of which weighed more than a ton.
There are only two countries in the world where representatives of this genus live - the United States of America and China. The Chinese alligator is endangered. The American alligator lives on the east coast of the United States. In Florida alone, their number exceeds 1 million individuals. The only place on Earth where alligators and crocodiles coexist is Florida.
Large males lead a solitary lifestyle, sticking to their territory. Smaller males can be seen in large groups in close proximity to each other. Large individuals (both males and females) defend their territory; small alligators are more tolerant of individuals of the same size.
Difference between crocodile and alligator: The biggest difference is in their teeth. When the crocodile's jaws are closed, the large fourth tooth of the lower jaw is visible. In an alligator, the upper jaw covers these teeth. They can also be distinguished by the shape of their muzzle: a real crocodile has a sharp, V-shaped muzzle, while an alligator has a blunt, U-shaped muzzle.”
Alligator
Group No. 4.
Student No. 4.1: “We constructed a “dancing birds” model. The energy is transferred to the motor, and the gear rotates from the computer. It is mounted on the same axis with a pulley, which also rotates. A bird is attached to the top of the pulley and a belt is put on the pulley. When a pulley rotates, the belt moves and rotates another pulley. Our goal was to create a structure in which the birds would spin first in one direction and then in different directions. Let’s demonstrate how the model works: by changing gears, you can rotate the birds in different directions.”
