At that time we were crossing the Gaichura River. This river itself is not special, just so-so, just for two boats to pass each other. And this river was famous because it flowed through the Makhnovist republic, that is, believe me, wherever you go near it, there are either fires burning, and under the fires there are cauldrons with all sorts of goose and pig meat, or some kind of ataman is sitting, or a man is simply hanging on an oak tree , but what kind of person he was, why he was sentenced - for some kind of offense, or simply to intimidate others - is unknown.
Our detachment forded this wretched river, that is, the water was up to the navel, and for me, as I always stood on the left flank as a forty-sixth incomplete, it almost went straight to the throat.
I raised my rifle and bandoleer over my head, walked carefully, feeling the bottom with my foot. And the bottom of that Gaichura is nasty and slimy. My leg got caught on some snag and I fell headlong into the water.
Seryozha Chumakov said:
After all, if you ask like this: “What is the most important thing for you in battle, that is, how do you defeat the enemy and inflict damage on him?” - the person will think and answer: “With a rifle... Well, or with a machine gun, a weapon... In general, depending on the type of weapon.”
And I don’t quite agree with this. Of course, no one takes away the qualities of a weapon, but still, every weapon is a dead thing. It itself has no effect, and all main strength in a person lies in how a person poses himself and how much he can control himself.
And even if you give another fool a tank, he will abandon the tank out of cowardice, and he will destroy the car, and he himself will never disappear, although he could still fight back with anything.
What I’m saying is that if, for example, you fight off your own people, or run out of ammunition, or are even left without a rifle, this is still no reason for you to hang your head, lose heart, and decide to surrender to the mercy of the enemy. No! Look around, invent something, turn around, just don’t lose your head.
The Red Army soldier Vasily Kryukov had a wounded horse, and the White Cossacks were catching up with him. He, of course, could have shot himself, but he didn’t want to. He threw away the empty rifle, unfastened his saber, put the revolver in his bosom and, turning his weakened horse, rode towards the Cossacks.
The Cossacks were surprised at this, because it was not the custom of that war for the Reds to throw their weapons to the ground... Therefore, they did not hack Kryukov to death on the move, but surrounded him and wanted to find out what this man needed and what he hoped for. Kryukov took off his gray hat with a red star and said:
The other day I read in the newspaper a notice of the death of Yakov Bersenev. I had long since lost sight of him, and when I looked through the newspaper I was surprised not so much that he died as at how he could still live, having no less than six wounds - broken ribs and lungs completely crushed by rifle butts.
Now that he is dead, we can write the whole truth about the death of the 4th company. And not because I didn’t want to do it earlier out of fear or other considerations, but only because I didn’t want to once again cause unnecessary pain to the main culprit of the defeat, but at the same time good guy, among many others, severely paid for his self-will and indiscipline.
I was thirty-two years old then. Marusya is twenty-nine, and our daughter Svetlana is six and a half. Only at the end of the summer did I get a vacation, and for the last warm month we rented a dacha near Moscow.
Svetlana and I thought about fishing, swimming, picking mushrooms and nuts in the forest. And I had to immediately sweep the yard, fix dilapidated fences, stretch ropes, hammer in crutches and nails.
We got tired of all this very soon, and Marusya comes up with new and new things one after another for herself and for us.
Only on the third day, in the evening, was everything finally done. And just when the three of us were getting ready to go for a walk, her friend, a polar pilot, came to Marusya.
They sat for a long time in the garden, under the cherry trees. And Svetlana and I went into the yard to the barn and, out of frustration, began making a wooden turntable.
There lived a lonely old man in the village. He was weak, he wove baskets, hemmed felt boots, guarded the collective farm garden from the boys, and thereby earned his bread.
He came to the village a long time ago, from afar, but people immediately realized that this man had suffered a lot of grief. He was lame, gray beyond his years. A crooked, ragged scar ran from his cheek across his lips. And therefore, even when he smiled, his face seemed sad and stern.
My mother studied and worked at a large new factory, surrounded by dense forests.
In our yard, in apartment number sixteen, there lived a girl, her name was Fenya.
Previously, her father was a fireman, but then he immediately learned at a course at the plant and became a pilot.
One day, when Fenya was standing in the yard and, raising her head, looking at the sky, an unfamiliar boy thief attacked her and snatched the candy from her hands.
At that time I was sitting on the roof of the woodshed and looking to the west, where beyond the Kalva River, as they say, in the dry peat bogs, the forest that had caught fire the day before yesterday was burning.
Either sunlight It was too bright, or the fire had already died down, but I didn’t see the fire, but only saw a faint cloud of whitish smoke, the acrid smell of which reached our village and prevented people from sleeping that night.
Our platoon occupied a small cemetery at the very edge of the village. The Petliurists were firmly entrenched on the edge of the opposite grove. Behind stone wall Because of the lattice fence we were little vulnerable to enemy machine guns. Until noon we exchanged fire quite hotly, but after lunch the shooting subsided.
It was then that Levka said:
Guys! Who's with me to go to the melon-growing for the kavuns?
The platoon commander swore:
I’ll give you so much melon that you won’t even recognize your own!
But Levka was cunning and headstrong.
“I,” he thinks, “will only be there for ten minutes, but at the same time I’ll find out why the Petliurists fell silent - not otherwise than they are preparing something, and from there it’s clear to see.”
In those distant, distant years, when the war had just died down throughout the country, there lived Malchish-Kibalchish.
At that time, the Red Army drove far away the white troops of the damned bourgeoisie, and everything became quiet in those wide fields, in the green meadows, where rye grew, where buckwheat blossomed, where among the dense gardens and cherry bushes stood the little house in which Malchish, nicknamed Kibalchish, lived. , yes, Malchish’s father, and Malchish’s older brother, but they didn’t have a mother.
Father works - mows hay. My brother works, hauling hay. And Malchish himself either helps his father or his brother, or simply jumps and plays around with other boys.
The spy crossed the swamp, put on his Red Army uniform and went out onto the road.
The girl was collecting cornflowers in the rye. She came up and asked for a knife to trim the stems of the bouquet.
He gave her a knife, asked her name, and, having heard enough that people had fun living on the Soviet side, he began to laugh and sing funny songs.
Works are divided into pagesThe stories of Arkady Gaidar are a real treasure trove for children all over Russia. The reason for this popularity is simple - the main actors in his works are ordinary street children. They are the ones who do good deeds, help people, and accomplish great feats. Therefore, for Soviet children, such heroes as Timur and his team, Chuk and Gek, as well as Malchish-Kibalchish were the main role models! The main qualities possessed by the protagonists of Gaidar’s stories were devotion, honesty and courage. And the antagonists, as usual, did nothing but betray and play dirty tricks.
The reality that surrounded them was heavy and harsh: October Revolution and the civil war forced the parents of the heroes to go to war, and as a result, the children were left as the head of the family, who quickly realized the fullness of responsibility. They blamed their problems, which were not at all childish, and yet successfully defeated the bad guys and their leaders, took patronage over the weak and helped improve their homeland. And even now, when a child begins to read Gaidar’s stories, the brightest feelings awaken in his soul.
Arkady Gaidar (Golikov) - popular children's writer, whose books the whole country recently became engrossed in.
Thanks to him, a new trend arose - the Timurovtsy youth organization.
However, his life was quite tragic. He went through the revolution and was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.
Children's and school years
The future writer of children's books was born in Lgov on January 22, 1904. His parents were intelligent and well-read people.
Father - Pyotr Golikov worked as a teacher in a rural school, and mother Natalya was a midwife.
A few years later, fearing arrest, they left the city of Lgov, moving to Arzamas. There little Arkady assigned to school.
The Golikov family had a large library, and from a very young age the boy was surrounded by fairy tales, poems and stories that were heard in his family.
In 1912, when his father went to war, Arkady was very worried and constantly rushed to the front to fight enemies.
IN primary school he even tried to go to the front on foot, but the little fugitive was found and returned home.
Arkady Golikov grew up a very well-read child, and at school he produced good impression for a literature teacher - Nikolai Sokolov.
Subsequently, it was their close communication that would play a big role in Gaidar’s life.
N. Sokolov and Arkady often spent time talking about literature, writers and history. These conversations became for the future writer “a stronghold of knowledge of Russian literature.”
In 1917, a teacher brought 11-year-old Arkady to the Bolshevik club. At the age of 14, he joined the party and published his first poems in the newspaper Molot.
Bolshevik life consumed the teenager. He participates in rallies and patrols the streets of Arzamas. Soon he moved to Moscow, where he entered the Red Commanders Course.
War years
In the capital, he begins to serve as a battalion adjutant. In August 1919, he and some of his comrades were sent to Kiev to the front.
At that moment Arkady felt the most happy man, because his old dream came true - to go to the front.
In the first battles, Arkady learns that death is not a beautiful duel with the enemy, and death has a terrible face.
In December of the same year, he received a bullet wound in the leg and a concussion from a shell explosion. He is sent to the hospital.
The consequences of this injury will haunt the writer throughout the rest of his life.
After the amendment, the young commander is offered training at the Vystrel Higher Rifle School.
After graduating, in 1920 Arkady became chief of staff in Voronezh.
A year later, he heads an anti-banditry regiment and goes to serve in Siberia.
Shell shock and suffering during the war were not in vain for the young man.
At 20 years old, diagnosed with exhaustion nervous system“he ends up in the hospital again, and with a psychiatric profile.
Subsequently, he will undergo repeated courses of treatment in psychiatric clinics, struggling with severe headaches, irritability and mood swings.
Then Gaidar is transferred to the reserve. It was now worth forgetting about the career of a Red Army soldier.
The next time he comes into contact with the war is in 1941. He will not be able to stay away, and will apply to the front, but he will be refused.
I had to go to war by deception. Arkady takes a mandate from the newspaper " TVNZ” and goes into the mouth of the Great Patriotic War as a correspondent.
He soon begins to participate in battles and intelligence operations.
Arkady Gaidar died on October 26, 1941 near the village of Leplyaevo. He commanded a partisan detachment.
Returning from a mission, they were ambushed. Arkady attracted attention to himself, giving others time to leave, and thereby saving the lives of his fellow soldiers.
He himself died from a German bullet that hit him right in the heart. He was only 37 years old.
Personal life
The first love overtook 17-year-old Arkady during the civil war in the hospital.
Nurse Maria Plaksina worked there. Young people fall in love and get married.
Soon they have a son, Evgeniy. But due to constant travel and life in military units, the boy falls ill and dies. This marked the end of a happy marriage.
A few years later, the young commander marries a second time. This time his chosen one is the daughter of a Bolshevik, Liya Lazarevna Solomyanskaya. She was also involved in journalistic activities.
This marriage gave Arkady a long-awaited child - the boy Timur. Subsequently, the writer would name the main character of his legendary novel by the name of his son.
The second marriage was also short-lived. Arkady and Leah were together for only 5 years, then she left for another man, taking Timur with her.
He is very worried about parting with his son and leaves for Khabarovsk.
And in 1938 he moved to the city of Klin, Moscow region, rented an apartment in the Chernyshovs’ house.
There he met his last wife- Dora Matveevna. She had a daughter from her first marriage.
Arkady, having married her, adopted her girl.
Writing activity
Arkady Gaidar began writing his first book, “In the Days of Defeats and Victories,” while still in Siberia, where he fought with bandits.
In fact, he wrote his autobiography, but he signed it with his real name didn't want to.
He took a pseudonym - Gaidar. There are many versions of what it could mean.
According to one, this is what the Turks called Arkady when he passed by. According to another, Gaidar is a rebus in which the writer encrypted his first name, last name and hometown.
After demobilization from the army, he came to Leningrad in 1924 and published a book in the local newspaper. However special success she didn't bring it.
Arkady begins to work as a journalist, traveling all over the country, continuing to write stories along the way.
In the late 20s and 30s he writing activity takes on a childish quality.
Such stories as “School”, “R.V.S.”, “On count's ruins».
The latter was filmed in 1957. It is with them that Arkady's popularity as a children's writer begins.
In 1931, Arkady Gaidar moved to Khabarovsk and there he got a job at the Pacific Star newspaper.
In 1935, the story “The Fate of the Drummer” was published, a year later “ Blue cup».
My own general ledger, which became famous throughout the Soviet Union and outlived the author himself - “Timur and His Team”, as well as the continuation “The Commandant of the Snow Fortress” he wrote in the late 30s in Klin.
Soon this book formed the basis for the film of the same name directed by A.E. Reasonable.
This novel, telling about the life of a brave and sympathetic pioneer, marked the beginning of the Timurovtsy youth movement, which acquired unprecedented proportions in the post-war period.
In 1939, the writer wrote another one of his famous story"Chuk and Gek."
Despite his military background, Arkady's writing often encountered obstacles. He was accused of treason and espionage.
Arkady Petrovich Gaidar - pseudonym, real name - Arkady Petrovich Golikov; Lgov, Russian empire; 09.01.1904 – 26.10.1941
The books of Arkady Gaidar need no introduction. More than one generation in our country has grown up with them. They are included in the school curriculum, and more than 20 cartoons and television films. Many of the writer’s works are included in the school curriculum, and the writer himself is still included in.
Biography of Arkady Gaidar
Arkady Petrovich Golikov was born into the family of Pyotr Isidovich Golikov. The future writer's mother and father were teachers. Moreover, the mother had family ties with the family. In 1912, Pyotr Isidovich received an appointment to the city of Arzamas and the entire family of the future writer moved there. Here Arkady Petrovich enters the school and joins the revolutionary cause. Already at the age of thirteen, he participates in rallies, serves as a liaison, and a little later joins the RCP (b) and becomes a journalist for the Molot newspaper. In 1918, hiding his age, Arkady Golikov joined the Red Army. He is sent to a command training course in Moscow. After their completion, he participates in battles in different areas, where he receives concussion and wounds.
After leaving the hospital, he entered the Higher Rifle School, from which he graduated in 1921. Around this time, he marries the nurse Marusa. The result of their marriage is the Wife's son, who died in infancy. In the same year, Arkady was appointed battalion commander in Tambov province, which divides the marriage and leads to its breakdown. He is trusted to suppress rebel movements. During this operation, he had multiple conflicts with the local population, which supported the rebels. As a result, complaints from local authorities about illegal confiscations and executions were constantly sent to higher authorities. The result of this was the arrest and subsequent trial of the future writer Arkady Gaidar. During the trial, he was found partially guilty and was suspended from office without the right to hold leadership positions for two years.
It is at this time that it begins new life Arkady Golikova as a journalist and writer. Gaidar's first story was published in 1925 in the magazine Zvezda. It was called “In the Days of Defeats and Victories” and was received rather coolly by critics. By this time, Arkady Gaidar had moved to Perm and became a journalist for a local newspaper. Here he meets Leah Lazareva Solomyanskaya, who becomes his second wife. But their relationship did not work out and in 1926 the woman left for another, taking her son Timur with her.
In 1932, the writer and journalist moved to the Far Eastern region, where he got a job at the Pacific Star newspaper. This time marks the release of such works by Arkady Gaidar as “Chuk and Gek”, “The Blue Cup” and of course “Timur and His Team”. Thanks to this, he becomes one of the leading Soviet writers for children. This allows him to become closely acquainted with and many other leading writers of the country. In 1938, the writer married for the third time. Dora Chernysheva, the daughter of the owner of his apartment, becomes his chosen one.
With the outbreak of World War II, Arkady Gaidar was sent to the front as a journalist. But near Kiev he was surrounded and became a partisan. On October 26, 1941, he, along with four other brothers-in-arms, moved to railway. But here they were ambushed. At a price own life Arkady Gaidar warned his comrades about the ambush, which allowed them to escape.
Books by Arkady Gaidar on the Top books website
Books by Arkady Gaidar are still quite popular to read today. Thanks to this, his works occupy worthy places in our ranking. And interest in them has not diminished over the years. And the presence of books by Arkady Gaidar in school curriculum only fuels interest in them.
Arkady Gaidar list of books
Timur and his team:
Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (Golikov) was born on January 9 (22), 1904 in the city of Lgov, Kursk province, into a family of teachers. Boy's childhood for the most part took place in Arzamas - small town Nizhny Novgorod region. Right here future writer studied at a real school.
Arkady was selfless already in early age. When first world war his father was taken to the front, the boy ran away from home to also go to fight. However, he was detained on the way.
In 1918 in short biography Gaidar happened an important event- Fourteen-year-old Arkady joined the Communist Party and began working for the newspaper Molot. At the end of the year he was enlisted in the Red Army.
Service in the active army
After completing command training courses in Moscow in 1919, Golikov was appointed assistant platoon commander. In 1911 he graduated from the Higher Rifle School ahead of schedule. Soon he was appointed commander of a section of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment, fought on the Don, on the Caucasus Front, near Sochi.
In 1922, Golikov participated in the suppression of the anti-Soviet insurgent movement in Khakassia, whose leader was I. Solovyov. Heading the command of the second combat sector in Yenisei province, Arkady Petrovich gave rather strict orders aimed at cruel treatment of local residents who opposed the arrival of Soviet power.
In May 1922, by order of Golikov, five uluses were shot. The provincial department of the GPU found out about what happened. Arkady Petrovich was demobilized with a diagnosis of “traumatic neurosis”, which arose after an unsuccessful fall from a horse. This event became a turning point in Gaidar’s biography.
Literary activity
In 1925, Golikov published the story “In the Days of Defeats and Victories” in the Leningrad almanac “Kovsh”. Soon the writer moved to Perm, where he first began publishing under the pseudonym Gaidar. In 1930, work on the works “School” and “The Fourth Dugout” was completed.
Since 1932, Arkady Petrovich has worked as a traveling correspondent for the Pacific Star newspaper. In 1932 - 1938, the novels and stories “Distant Countries”, “Military Secret”, “The Blue Cup”, “The Fate of the Drummer” were published. In 1939 - 1940, the writer completed work on his most famous works for children - “Timur and his team”, “Chuk and Gek”, which are now studied in primary school.
The Great Patriotic War
During the Great Patriotic War, the writer Gaidar worked as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda. During this period, Arkady Petrovich created the essays “The Bridge”, “Rockets and Grenades”, “At the Crossing”, “At the Front Edge”, and the philosophical fairy tale “Hot Stone”.
In 1941 he served as a machine gunner in Gorelov's partisan detachment.
On October 26, 1941, Arkady Petrovich Gaidar was killed by the Germans near the village of Leplyavo, Kanevsky district. The writer was buried in 1947 in Kanev, Cherkasy region.
Other biography options
- According to the most famous version, the pseudonym “Gaidar” stands for “Golikov Arkady D’ARzamas” (by analogy with the name d’Artagnan from Dumas’ novel).
- In 1939, Gaidar was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, and in 1964 he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
- Arkady Gaidar suffered from severe headaches and mood swings and was repeatedly treated in a psychiatric clinic.
- Gaidar’s personal life did not develop immediately. The writer was married three times - to nurse Maria Plaksina (their son died before he was two years old), Komsomol member Liya Solomyanskaya (their son Timur was born in the marriage) and Dora Chernysheva (adopted his wife’s daughter).
- Among Gaidar's close friends were the writers Fraerman and Paustovsky.
Biography test
To test your knowledge of Gaidar's short biography, try answering the test questions.
GAYDAR, ARKADY PETROVICH (1904-1941), real name Golikov, Russian Soviet writer. Born on January 9 (22), 1904 in Lgov, Kursk province. The son of a peasant teacher and a noblewoman mother who participated in revolutionary events 1905. Fearing arrest, the Golikovs left Lgov in 1909, and from 1912 they lived in Arzamas. He worked for the local newspaper "Molot", where he first published his poems, and joined the RCP(b).
From 1918 - in the Red Army (as a volunteer, hiding his age), in 1919 he studied at command courses in Moscow and Kyiv, then at the Moscow Higher Rifle School. In 1921 - commander of a section of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment. He fought on the Caucasian front, on the Don, near Sochi, participated in the suppression of the Antonov rebellion, in Khakassia - against the “Emperor of the Taiga” I.N. Solovyov, where, accused of arbitrary execution, he was expelled from the party for six months and sent on long leave for nervous disease, which did not leave him subsequently throughout his life. A naive-romantic, recklessly joyful perception of the revolution in anticipation of the coming “bright kingdom of socialism”, reflected in many of Gaidar’s works of an autobiographical nature, addressed mainly to youth (RVS stories, 1925, Seryozhka Chubatov, Levka Demchenko, The End of Levka Demchenko, Bandit’s Nest, all 1926-1927, Smoke in the Forest, 1935; story School, original title. Ordinary biography, 1930, Distant countries, 1932, Military secret, 1935, including textbook Soviet time The tale of Military secret, about Malchish-Kibalchish and his firm word, 1935, Bumbarash, unfinished, 1937), in mature years gives way to grave doubts in the diary entries (“I dreamed of people killed in childhood”).
With a pseudonym (Turkic word - “horseman galloping ahead”) he first signed the short story Corner House, created in 1925 in Perm, where he settled in the same year and where, according to archival materials, he began work on a story about the struggle of local workers against the autocracy - Life to nothing (other name: Lbovshchina, 1926). In the Perm newspaper "Zvezda" and other publications he publishes feuilletons, poems, notes about travel around Central Asia, fantastic story The Secret of the Mountain, an excerpt from the story Knights of the Impregnable Mountains (other name: Horsemen of the Impregnable Mountains, 1927), the poem Machine-Gun Blizzard. From 1927 he lived in Sverdlovsk, where he published the story Forest Brothers (other name: Davydovshchina - continuation of the story Life for Nothing) in the newspaper "Ural Worker".
In the summer of 1927, it's already quite famous writer, moved to Moscow, where, among many journalistic works and poetry, published a detective-adventure story On the Count's Ruins (1928, filmed in 1958, directed by V.N. Skuibin) and a number of other works that nominated Gaidar, along with L. Kassil, R. Fraerman, among the most read creators of Russian children's prose of the 20th century. (including the stories The Blue Cup, 1936, Chuk and Gek, the story The Fate of the Drummer, both 1938, the story for radio The Fourth Dugout; the second, unfinished part of the story School, both 1930).
The fascination of the plot, the rapid ease of narration, the transparent clarity of the language while fearlessly introducing significant, and sometimes tragic events(The Fate of a Drummer, which tells about spy mania and repressions of the 1930s, etc.), poetic “aura”, trust and seriousness of tone, the indisputability of the code of “knightly” honor of camaraderie and mutual assistance - all this ensured the sincere and long-term love of young readers for Gaidar - the official classic of children's literature. The peak of the writer's lifetime popularity came in 1940 - the time of the creation of the story and the film script of the same name (film directed by A.E. Razumny) Timur and his team, telling about a brave and sympathetic pioneer boy (named after the son of Gaidar), together with his friends, surrounded by mystery care of the family of front-line soldiers. The noble initiative of the hero Gaidar served as an incentive for the creation of a broad “Timur” movement throughout the country, especially relevant in the 1940-1950s. In 1940, Gaidar wrote a sequel to Timur - Commandant of the Snow Fortress, and at the beginning of 1941 - a film script for the sequel and a screenplay for the film Timur's Oath (production 1942, directed by L.V. Kuleshov).
In July 1941, the writer went to the front as a correspondent for the newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda", where he published essays The Bridge, At the Crossing, etc. In August-September 1941, he was published in the magazine "Murzilka" philosophical tale Gaidar for children Hot Stone - about uniqueness, inevitable difficulties and mistakes on the path to comprehending the truth.
The range of Gaidar's "children's" heroes, varied in age, character and type (among which there are many "negative" persons: Malchish-Bad, Mishka Kvakin from Timur, etc.) is complemented by characters from miniature stories for preschoolers (Vasily Kryukov, Pokhod, Marusya, Conscience , 1939-1940). Author of the film script Passerby (1939), dedicated to Civil War. Many of Gaidar’s works were staged and filmed (films Chuk and Gek, 1953, directed by I.V. Lukinsky; School of Courage, 1954, directed by V.P. Basov and M.V. Korchagin; The Fate of the Drummer, 1956, directed by V. V.Eisymont, etc.).
Gaidar died in battle near the village. Leplyava, Kanevsky district, Cherkasy region, October 26, 1941.
