Talented writer. Genus. in 1870. He was educated in Moscow, in the 2nd Cadet Corps and the Alexander Military School. He began writing as a cadet; his first work ("The Last Debut") was published in the Moscow humorous... ... Large biographical encyclopedia
Kuprin, Alexander Ivanovich- Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin. KUPRIN Alexander Ivanovich (1870 1938), Russian writer. In exile in 1919, he returned to his homeland in 1937. IN early works showed human unfreedom as a fatal social evil (story Moloch, 1896). Social... ... Illustrated encyclopedic Dictionary
Talented writer. Born in August 1870 in the Penza province; On his mother's side, he comes from the family of Tatar princes Kolonchaki. He studied at the 2nd Cadet Corps and the Alexander Military School. He began writing as a cadet; his first story:... ... Biographical Dictionary
Russian writer. Born into the family of a poor official. Spent 10 years in closed military educational institutions, 4 years old served in an infantry regiment in the Podolsk province In 1894 ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich- (18701938), writer. In 1901 he settled in St. Petersburg. He headed the fiction department at the Magazine for Everyone. In 1902 07 he lived at 7 Razyezzhaya Street, where the editorial office of the magazine “God’s World” was located, in which Kuprin edited for some time... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
- (1870 1938), Russian. writer. He perceived L.'s poetry as one of the brightest and brightest phenomena of Russian. culture of the 19th century K.’s attitude towards L.’s prose is evidenced by his letter to F. F. Pullman dated August 31. 1924: “Do you know that you are precious stone cutters... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
- (1870 1938) Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story Moloch (1896), in which industrialization appears in the image of a monster factory that enslaves a person physically and morally, the story The Duel (1905) about the death of a spiritually pure... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1870 1938), writer. In 1901 he settled in St. Petersburg. He headed the fiction department at the Magazine for Everyone. In 1902 07 he lived at 7 Razyezzhaya Street, where the editorial office of the magazine “God’s World” was located, in which K. edited for some time... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
"Kuprin" request is redirected here. See also other meanings. Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin Date of birth: September 7, 1870 Place of birth: village of Narovchat ... Wikipedia
- (1870 1938), Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story “Moloch” (1896), in which modern civilization appears in the image of a monster factory that enslaves a person morally and physically, the story “The Duel” (1905) about the death... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Kuprin Collected works: in 8 volumes, Kuprin, Alexander Ivanovich. "One of largest representatives critical realism", "master of socio-psychological analysis", "chronicler of the pre-October era" - similar, completely fair characteristics...
- Alexander Kuprin. Complete collection of novels and stories in one volume, Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich. 1216 pp. All the novels and stories of the famous Russian writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, written by him in Russia and in exile, are collected in one volume.…
Alexander Kuprin is a great Russian writer who left rich inheritance works for humanity. Observant, subtle and sensitive by nature, Alexander Ivanovich reflected in his works the life and morality of that time.
He was born on August 26 (September 7), 1870 in the family of a minor official in the small town of Narovchat, which is located in the Penza province. His father died a year after Alexander was born. Three children remained in the arms of mother Lyubov Alekseevna - older sisters and Sasha himself. The girls are sent to a boarding school, and Lyubov Alekseevna leaves with her son for Moscow.
It is worth noting that the writer’s mother is a native ancient family Tatar princes Kulanchakovs. She has a strong character, stubborn, she loves her children very much. Life in Moscow was hard, miserable, and the mother enrolled her six-year-old son in the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school (1876). It was not easy for Alexander, the boy was sad and homesick, and even thought about escaping. He read a lot, knew how to invent stories, and was popular for this. Alexander composed his first creation, a poem, at the age of seven.
Gradually, life got better, and Kuprin decided to become a military man. After graduating from the boarding school in 1880, he immediately entered the Second Moscow Military Academy. Eight years later he studies at the Moscow Alexander Military School. The years of study were not in vain for Alexander Ivanovich; later he would write and expose them in his works. There will be a lot of thoughts about honor, uniform, courage, the characters of the heroes, as well as corruption.
He continued to read and study literature, and in 1889 his first story, “The First Debut,” was published. In 1890, after completing his studies, Kuprin entered service in an infantry regiment as a second lieutenant. Its new location is Podolsk province. Four years later, Alexander Ivanovich retired. Having no specialty, Kuprin tries himself in various fields activities.
This person, greedy for impressions, takes on any job, he is not afraid of anything, everything is interesting to him. His character is explosive, but he is ready for an adventure. It was important for him to communicate with people, to get used to their atmosphere of life, to capture the feelings, character and subtleties of each person. Then Kuprin will skillfully reflect his observations in his works.
Soon he meets, and. Publications in Moscow and St. Petersburg begin to publish his works, notes, and essays. In 1901, Alexander Kuprin married Maria Davydova, and a year later their daughter Lida was born. In 1905, the story “The Duel” was published. In addition to the army impressions set out in his works, Kuprin writes about love, about animals (“White Poodle” 1902), becomes popular, and is published a lot. In 1907, after a divorce from his first wife, Alexander Kuprin remarried Elizaveta Heinrich. Daughter Ksenia is born.
Alexander Ivanovich served in Finland in 1914, but was discharged due to health reasons. (1914-1918), then he and his wife Elizaveta and daughter Ksenia set up an infirmary at home. They provided assistance to wounded soldiers. Kuprin perceived the revolution negatively. He was on the side of the white movement, although at first he tried to cooperate with the Bolsheviks. Like many others creative personalities, Kuprin and his family leave Russia, they go to France. Alexander Ivanovich continues to create, but not so productively; he misses his homeland. Actively participates in the anti-Bolshevik press.
In the spring of 1937, the writer and his family returned to their homeland. He was greeted warmly and cordially. Unfortunately, the writer was seriously ill and died a year later. He died on August 25, 1938 in the city of Leningrad. Most popular works Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin:
"Duel", " Garnet bracelet", "Olesya", "Pit".
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich (1870 - 1938) - Russian writer. Social criticism marked the story “Moloch” (1896), in which industrialization appears in the image of a monster factory that enslaves a person morally and physically, the story “The Duel” (1905) - about spiritual death pure hero in the deadening atmosphere of army life and the story “The Pit” (1909 - 15) is about prostitution. A variety of finely outlined types, lyrical situations in the stories and short stories “Olesya” (1898), “Gambrinus” (1907), “Garnet Bracelet” (1911). Cycles of essays (“Listrigons”, 1907 - 11). In 1919 - 37 in exile, in 1937 he returned to his homeland. Autobiographical novel"Junker" (1928 - 32).
Big encyclopedic dictionary, M.-SPb., 1998
Biography
Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich (1870), prose writer.
Born on August 26 (September 7, new year) in the city of Narovchat, Penza province, in the family of a minor official who died a year after the birth of his son. After the death of her husband, his mother (from the ancient family of Tatar princes Kulanchakov) moved to Moscow, where the future writer spent his childhood and youth. At the age of six, the boy was sent to the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school (orphanage), from where he left in 1880. The same year he entered the Moscow Military Academy, which was transformed into the Cadet Corps.
After completing his studies, he continued his military education at the Alexander Junker School (1888 - 90). Subsequently he will describe his “ military youth"in the stories "At the Turning Point (Cadets)" and in the novel "Junkers". Even then he dreamed of becoming “a poet or novelist.”
First literary experience Kuprin had poems that remained unpublished. The first work to see the light was the story “The Last Debut” (1889).
In 1890, having graduated military school, Kuprin, with the rank of second lieutenant, was enlisted in an infantry regiment stationed in the Podolsk province. The life of an officer, which he led for four years, provided rich material for his future works. In 1893 - 1894 in the St. Petersburg magazine " Russian wealth"his story "In the Dark" and short stories " Moonlit night" and "Inquiry". A series of stories are dedicated to the life of the Russian army: “Overnight” (1897), “Night Shift” (1899), “Hike”. In 1894, Kuprin retired and moved to Kyiv, without any civilian profession and with little life experience. IN next years He traveled a lot around Russia, trying many professions, greedily absorbing life experiences that became the basis of his future works. In the 1890s he published the essay “Yuzovsky Plant” and the story “Moloch”, stories “ Backwoods", "Werewolf", the stories "Olesya" and "Kat" (Army Ensign). During these years, Kuprin met Bunin, Chekhov and Gorky. In 1901 he moved to St. Petersburg, began working for the “Magazine for Everyone,” married M. Davydova, and had a daughter, Lydia. Kuprin's stories appeared in St. Petersburg magazines: “Swamp” (1902); "Horse Thieves" (1903); "White Poodle" (1904). In 1905, his most significant work was published - the story "The Duel", which had big success. The writer’s performances with the reading of individual chapters of “The Duel” became an event cultural life capital Cities. His works of this time were very well-behaved: the essay “Events in Sevastopol” (1905), the stories “Staff Captain Rybnikov” (1906), “River of Life”, “Gambrinus” (1907). In 1907, he married his second wife, sister of mercy E. Heinrich, and had a daughter, Ksenia. Kuprin's work in the years between the two revolutions resisted the decadent mood of those years: the cycle of essays "Listrigons" (1907 - 11), stories about animals, the stories "Shulamith", "Garnet Bracelet" (1911). His prose became a notable phenomenon of Russian literature at the beginning of the century. After October revolution The writer did not accept the policy of military communism, the “Red Terror”; he feared for the fate of Russian culture. In 1918 he came to Lenin with a proposal to publish a newspaper for the village - “Earth”. At one time he worked in the publishing house " World literature", founded by Gorky. In the fall of 1919, while in Gatchina, cut off from Petrograd by Yudenich's troops, he emigrated abroad. The seventeen years that the writer spent in Paris were an unproductive period. Constant material need and homesickness led him to the decision to return to Russia. In the spring of 1937, the seriously ill Kuprin returned to his homeland, warmly received by his admirers. Published the essay “Native Moscow”. However, new creative plans was not destined to come true. In August 1938, Kuprin died in Leningrad from cancer.
Brief biography of A.I. Kuprina - option 2
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870-1938) - famous Russian writer. His father, a small official, died a year after the birth of his son. His mother, originally from the Tatar princes Kulanchakov, after the death of her husband moved to the capital of Russia, where Kuprin spent his childhood and youth. At the age of 6, Alexander was sent to an orphanage, where he stayed until 1880. And immediately upon leaving, he entered the Moscow Military Academy.
Afterwards he studied at the Alexander School (1888-90). In 1889, his first work, “The Last Debut,” saw the light of day. In 1890, Kuprin was assigned to an infantry regiment in the Podolsk province, life in which became the basis for many of his works.
In 1894 the writer resigns and moves to Kyiv. The following years were devoted to wandering through Russia.
In 1890, he introduced readers to many publications - “Moloch”, “Yuzovsky Plant”, “Werewolf”, “Olesya”, “Kat”.
In 1901, Kuprin moved to St. Petersburg and worked as secretary of the “Magazine for Everyone.” In the same year he marries Davydova M. and life gives him a daughter.
Two years later, Kuprin marries a second time. His chosen one is sister of mercy E. Heinrich, who gave birth to the writer’s daughter.
In 1918, Kuprin comes to Lenin and offers to publish a newspaper for village residents - “Earth”. In 1919 the author emigrated abroad. But the period when he stayed in Paris - 17 years - was unproductive. The reason for this is the material side, longing for the homeland. And as a result, the decision to return to Russia.
Already in 1937, Kuprin returned to Russia and published the essay “Native Moscow.” Death from cancer overtakes the author in 1938.
Biography of A.I. Kuprin |
A.I. Kuprin – bright representative Russian critical realism, whose work occurred in the most difficult pre- and post-revolutionary years of the 20th century.
Writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870 - 1938).
Early years
Alexander was born in the small town of Narovchat (today it is the Penza region) on August 26, 1870. He was orphaned very early (the father died when the child was one year old; a period of considerable financial difficulties began for the mother and her little son). His mother managed to give Sasha an education: having moved to Moscow, he studied at the Moscow Razumovsky boarding school.
In 1887, Alexander was accepted as a student at the Alexander Military School. The years of study became for him a period of accumulation of experience and first literary works. In 1889, he published a story, which he gave the title “The Last Debut.”
Stormy youth and the beginning of maturity
After studying for about 4 years, Kuprin served in the Dnieper Infantry Regiment, and then, after retiring, traveled around the south of Russia and tried himself in various professions: from a loader to a dentist. At this time he already begins to actively write. The story “Moloch”, the story “Olesya”, and the stories “Shulamith” and “Pomegranate Bracelet”, which later became classics, were published. From the pen of the writer came the story “The Duel” that brought him literary fame.
During the First World War, Kuprin opened in own home military hospital, took part in hostilities. He was interested in politics and in his views was close to the Social Revolutionaries.
Emigration and return to the homeland
Kuprin did not accept the October Revolution, he joined White movement, emigrated in 1919. For 17 years he lived in Paris, continuing to work. One of the most significant works of this period is the story “Junker”, based on memories. Illness, poverty, nostalgia for Russia forced the writer to return to Soviet Union. But he only had a year to live - Alexander Ivanovich died on August 25, 1938.
His works, the heroes of which are representatives of the poor intelligentsia and common people– have not lost their relevance in our time. Kuprin's heroes love life, try to survive, resist the surrounding cynicism and vulgarity. They live in a natural, changing world, where Good and Evil are forever intertwined and have an endless dispute with each other.
Brief information about Kuprin.
The variety of life circumstances and dramatic plots in the works of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin are explained primarily by the fact that his own life was very “action-packed” and difficult. It seems that when, in his review of Kipling’s story “The Bold Mariners,” he wrote about people who had gone through “the iron school of life, full of need, danger, grief and resentment,” he recalled what he himself had experienced.
Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin was born on August 26, 1870 in the Penza province in the city of Narovchat. The father of the future writer, Ivan Ivanovich Kuprin, a commoner (an intellectual who did not belong to the nobility) held the modest position of secretary of a justice of the peace. Mother, Lyubov Alexandrovna, came from nobles, but impoverished ones.
When the boy was not even a year old, his father died of cholera, leaving the family without a livelihood. The widow and her son were forced to settle in the Moscow Widow's House. Lyubov Alexandrovna really wanted her Sashenka to become an officer, and when he was 6 years old, his mother sent him to the Razumovsky boarding school. He prepared the boys for admission to a secondary military educational institution.
Sasha stayed in this boarding house for about 4 years. In 1880, he began studying at the 2nd Moscow Military Gymnasium, later reorganized into cadet corps. It must be said that discipline with sticks reigned within the walls of the military gymnasium. The situation was aggravated by searches, espionage, supervision, and bullying of older students towards younger ones. This whole situation coarsened and corrupted the soul. But Sasha Kuprin, being in this nightmare, managed to save spiritual health, which later became a charming feature of his work.
In 1888, Alexander completed his studies in the corps and entered the 3rd Military Alexander School, which trained infantry officers. In August 1890, he graduated from it and went to serve in the 46th Dnieper Infantry Regiment. After this, the service began in the deaf and forgotten by god corners of Podolsk province.
In the fall of 1894, Kuprin retired and moved to Kyiv. By this time, he had already written 4 published works: “The Last Debut”, “In the Dark”, “On a Moonlit Night”, “Inquiry”. Also in 1894, the young writer began to collaborate in the newspapers " Kiev word", "Life and Art", and at the beginning of 1895 he became an employee of the newspaper "Kievlyanin".
He wrote a number of essays and combined them into the book “Kyiv Types”. This work was published in 1896. Even more significant for young writer The year was 1897, since the first collection of his stories, “Miniatures,” was published.
In 1896, Alexander Kuprin went on a trip to the factories and mines of the Donetsk basin. Burning with desire to thoroughly study real life, he gets a job at one of the factories as head of accounting for the forge and carpentry workshop. In this new capacity for him, the future famous writer worked for several months. During this time, material was collected not only for a number of essays, but also for the story “Moloch”.
In the second half of the 90s, Kuprin’s life began to resemble a kaleidoscope. He organized an athletic society in Kyiv in 1896 and began to actively engage in sports. In 1897, he became a manager of an estate located in Rivne district. Then he became interested in dental prosthetics and worked for some time as a dentist. In 1899 it adjoins the wandering theater group for several months.
In the same 1899, Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin arrived in Yalta. Happened in this city significant event his life - a meeting with Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. After this, Kuprin visited Yalta in both 1900 and 1901. Chekhov introduced him to many writers and publishers. Among them was V. S. Mirolyubov, publisher of the St. Petersburg “Magazine for Everyone.” Mirolyubov invited Alexander Ivanovich to the position of secretary of the magazine. He agreed and in the fall of 1901 he moved to St. Petersburg.
In the city on the Neva there was a meeting with Maxim Gorky. Kuprin wrote about this man in his letter to Chekhov in 1902: “I met Gorky. There is something stern, ascetic, and preaching about him.” In 1903, the Gorky publishing house “Znanie” published the first volume of stories by Alexander Kuprin.
In 1905 something very happened an important event V creative life writer. Again, his story “The Duel” was published by the Znanie publishing house. It was followed by other works: “Dreams”, “Mechanical Justice”, “Wedding”, “River of Life”, “Gambrinus”, “Killer”, “Delusion”, “Resentment”. All of them were a response to the first Russian revolution and expressed dreams of freedom.
The revolution was followed by years of reaction. During this period, unclear philosophical and Political Views. At the same time, he created works that became worthy examples of Russian classical literature. Here you can name “Garnet Bracelet”, “Holy Lie”, “The Pit”, “Grunya”, “Starlings”, etc. During the same period, the idea of the novel “Junker” was born.
During February Revolution Alexander Ivanovich lived in Gatchina. He warmly welcomed the abdication of the sovereign and the transfer of power to the Provisional Government. But he perceived the October Revolution negatively. He published articles in bourgeois newspapers published until mid-1918 in which he questioned the reorganization of society on socialist principles. But gradually the tone of his articles began to change.
In the second half of 1918, Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin already spoke with respect about the activities of the Bolshevik Party. In one of his articles, he even called the Bolsheviks people of “crystal purity.” But apparently this man was characterized by doubts and hesitations. When Yudenich's troops occupied Gatchina in October 1919, the writer supported new government, and then, together with the White Guard units, left Gatchina, fleeing the advancing Red Army.
He first moved to Finland, and in 1920 he moved to France. The author of “Olesya” and “Duel” spent 17 years in a foreign land, living most time in Paris. It was difficult, but fruitful period. From the pen of the Russian classic came such collections of prose as “The Dome of St. Isaac Dolmatsky”, “The Wheel of Time”, “Elan”, as well as the novels “Zhaneta”, “Junker”.
Living abroad, Alexander Ivanovich had little idea of what was happening in his homeland. He heard about greatest achievements Soviet power, about great construction projects, about universal equality and brotherhood. All this aroused great interest in the classic’s soul. And every year he was drawn more and more to Russia.
In August 1936, the USSR Plenipotentiary Representative in France V.P. Potemkin asked Stalin to allow Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin to come to the USSR. This issue was considered by the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and it was decided to allow the writer Kuprin to enter the country of the Soviets. On May 31, 1937, the great Russian classic returned to his homeland in the city of his youth - Moscow.
However, he came to Russia seriously ill. Alexander Ivanovich was weak, incapacitated and could not write. In the summer of 1937, an article “Moscow is native” appeared in the Izvestia newspaper. Under it was the signature of A.I. Kuprin. The article was laudatory, and every line of it breathed admiration for socialist achievements. However, it is assumed that the article was written by another person, a Moscow journalist assigned to the writer.
On the night of August 25, 1938, Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin died at the age of 67. The cause of death was esophageal cancer. The classic was buried in the city of Leningrad on " Literary Bridges» Volkovsky cemetery, not far from Turgenev's grave. This is how I finished my life path a talented Russian writer who embodied in his works best traditions Russian literature of the 19th century century.
