Preliminary sketch. Examples of sketches and paintings themselves

1 a preliminary canter

preliminary sketch; prelude, introduction ( to smth.) , rehearsal [ this. sport. warming up the horse before the race]

‘If only Bill and Pat could have been married,’ Sally reflected sadly, ‘I wouldn’t feel so bad about what the war’s doing to him.’ ‘I dare say they had a preliminary canter,’ Dinny chuckled. (K. S. Prichard, ‘Winged Seeds’, ch. XXIX)“If Pat and Billy got married too,” Sally thought sadly out loud, “it would be easier for me to think about the dangers of war.” “Well, I suppose they’ve already had a little rehearsal,” Dinny grinned.

A: "Is this your finished manuscript?" B: "Good Heavens, no! That"s just the preliminary canter." (SPI)- A: “Is this your manuscript in finished form? B. No! This is just a sketch.”

Examples of sketches and paintings themselves:

I.I.Shishkin (1832-1898) Rye
V. Surikov. Menshikov in Berezovo.

K. P. Bryullov. "The Last Day of Pompeii"

Information design.

Information Design- a branch of design, the practice of artistic and technical design and presentation of various information, taking into account ergonomics, functionality, psychological criteria for human perception of information, aesthetics of visual forms of information presentation and some other factors.

Information design applies traditional and new design principles to the process of transforming complex and unstructured data into valuable, meaningful information. With the help of pictures, symbols, colors, words, ideas are conveyed, data is illustrated, or relationships are visualized.

5 Ways to Present Information to Others

The art of presentation is an external and publicly accessible part of working with information. It is quite difficult for someone who has not mastered the art of presenting information in public to prove their professionalism. How can you make something complex accessible when you only have 10 minutes to present at a corporate meeting? We have selected the five most effective rules.

Rule #1. All people evaluate new information by comparing it with the knowledge they already have. Try to figure out how tall a person is by looking at his photo in a magazine. You can't. The only way to even approximately estimate his height is to compare it with the height of a person you know or a famous object. This rule applies to the assessment of most things and phenomena of human life: any scale should be based on those indicators that we know.

Rule #2. You can organize your information using just five criteria: alphabetical order, geographic location, chronology, category or hierarchy. You must make the most logical choice. It is most convenient to group cities, rivers, countries and roads by location. Books, articles and reference books - in alphabetical order. Documents related to planning - chronologically. Warehouse information - by category, and any physical objects - by category (strongest - weakest, boss - subordinate, etc.). Often, two organizational criteria can be applied to an object at once. However, during an oral presentation, as a rule, it is better to simplify the scheme and limit it to one, the most important one.

Rule #3. Don't decorate, but simplify. Remember the rule of advertising design: an abundance of bright colors and text only obscures the target message. Any designer can add millions of colors to a picture, make a drawing three-dimensional, raise it in space and cast its shadow on the ground. But a good designer knows that all this only distracts from advertising the product. The same applies to data organization. If you need to present statistics, be careful with pie charts. They are more effective than linear ones, but they do not give the right impression of proportions. Maybe we should limit ourselves to a table in which the most important data will be highlighted in red? If you need to present the principle of interaction between companies or people, be careful - do not turn your visualization into a diagram of the Battle of Borodino with your numerous arrows and dotted lines. Maybe it's enough to publish a two-level chart in Microsoft Chart?

Rule #4. To choose what to focus on during your report, think about what is interesting to you. Journalists know: the best article is a work inspired by the author’s desire to learn something that he did not know or understand before. The same goes for a good presentation. First it is interesting to the author, and then to everyone else.

Rule #5. Feel free to refuse useless information. Even if this is 90% of the report. Information overload has nothing to do with fatigue. This is an emotional problem. The best way to avoid it is to focus on the most important and most interesting (at the same time). The best reports are flashes of interesting information, imperceptibly connected with each other. In addition, you should remember: if you could not fit your presentation into 10 minutes of speech, then you did not prepare very well. And if you couldn’t place the necessary information on 10 pages of Power Point, then you didn’t understand the problem well and you need to start over!

Sketches

A sketch is a short-term drawing. It can be completed in 2-5-10 minutes, depending on the goal you set for yourself.

When studying the shapes of an object, it is better to make short sketches (2-5 minutes). If you are interested in the distribution of light and shadow, then the sketch will take more time, since you need to convey both the shape of the object and its light and shadow.

Sketches are made before starting work on a long-term drawing in order to preliminary study the shape of an object or group of objects and their relative position in space. Such sketches should be done from different points of view, changing the position of the subject in space.

Sketches play a big role in preparing for a thematic drawing. They help to correctly draw an object, landscape, figure, and find the most successful position, movement or shape.

It is useful to sketch for an independent purpose. Working on sketches develops observation, the ability to highlight the main thing, easily determine the shape and characteristic features of an object and convey them in the drawing.

The sketch can be made with just lines, without conveying light-and-shadow relationships. To make it expressive, conveying the volume and spatial position of the object, you need to be able to vary the thickness of the line. In dark places the line can be wide and soft; in light places it is better to outline it with a thin, hairline line. Here and there in the shadows you can add a few broad strokes in order to emphasize the volume of the form. […]

How to draw sketches correctly

My cat Hare, who I like equally as a spot or as a line :)

3. Sequence of work.

1. We study nature, looking at it carefully. We analyze, choose a good angle, pose, moment.

2. We think over the location of the sketches on the sheet. All characters on the sheet should either look at the viewer or be turned to the center of the sheet. You also need to ensure that the space on the sheet is filled evenly. This helps develop accuracy and composition skills. (We were faced with the task of arranging 5 sketches on an A4 sheet. I have much more sketches on the sheet, I fill the empty spaces between the figures with smaller details, so that the sheet ends up jammed quite tightly. I also realized that personally it is much more convenient for me to take for sketches, A3 sheets. It is not always convenient to work on the street in this format, but if you just practice at home, drawing from interesting photographs, then it is more profitable to draw on the street in a notebook, so we are still not talking about a strict format. .) You should start working in the upper left corner of the sheet.

3. sketches of people:

The general shape of the human body is outlined sequentially: first, the location and size of the head are outlined, then the line from head to heels is quickly extended, that is, the movement of the entire human figure is outlined with one line. Then the general contour of the figure’s silhouette and the position of the legs are quickly and confidently clarified. In the sketch, a continuous fill of the entire silhouette shape is used to apply the tonal spot. Although this is not necessary - sometimes it is very interesting to separate the drawing into completely black and white spots.

animal sketches:

Two or three quickly applied light lines (or spots) should immediately determine the location, size and total mass of the form. The general shape of the body is outlined sequentially: first, the largest part of the form is the torso, then the legs. One line/spot (from the tail to the shoulder blades) outlines the movement of the entire mass of the body. Then the general contour of the body (up to the shoulder blades) and the position of the legs are quickly and confidently clarified. The head and neck are depicted last. To determine the location and size of the head, quickly extend the line of the spine from the shoulder blades to the tip of the nose. In this case, the contour line may not be closed, intermittent, and sometimes even disappear completely.

again late_night_trip

Even following this technology, everyone’s sketches, without exception, turn out very different. I love combining different materials and techniques on one sheet of paper; it makes the work very lively. Not only does each individual sketch turn out beautiful, but the entire sheet is perceived as a complete picture. For example, someone likes, on the contrary, to first outline a clear location of the sketches on the sheet in order to build a clear composition and maintain space between the drawings. In general, the only thing more interesting than drawing it yourself is to compare how others did it. My classmates and I spent an hour before the session looking at each other’s sheets of sketches, vying with each other in admiration, and everyone took note of something interesting.

Making sketches

Systematic sketching classes allow you to successfully improve your drawing skills, and also provide significant assistance in mastering educational material. They contribute to the developmenteye, hand coordination and quick orientation, the ability to accurately and concisely convey the most essential. Fluency in the art of sketching allows you to move on to freely depicting complex living forms without applications auxiliary construction lines, which is evidence of the growth of the professional skill of the draftsman.

Sketching should be done constantly, and not in fits and starts, from time to time. Don't be afraid of your first drafts - they'll be crummy and awkward, but it's just at the beginning. Over time, subject to systematic work, the sketches will be completed better And better.

Well, we all read the theory and got into it. We will return to the topic of sketches more than once. Let's move on to practice. We take our sketchbooks.

The victim may be:

all indoor flowers,
all household items (cups, spoons, pots, soap in a soap dish, washcloths, shampoo jars, etc.),
sleeping pets, household appliances...

Continue the list yourself.

And on each leaf we draw an object. Don't forget to hold the pencil correctly.

Note: You can’t make sketches from a photo or monitor, we draw only from life, while sketching you should try to hold your hand correctly, for sketches we choose simple objects, you shouldn’t try to draw a human figure or a whole room, it’s better to draw a pair of old shoes. You shouldn’t judge whether it turned out good or bad based on one sketch, but when there are more than a hundred of them, then take a look. Use softer pencils for sketches and keep the eraser to a minimum.

Sketch of a cat. A sketch stroke and shading were used.

There are several ways to pre-paint your work.
Which one you choose often determines your drawing style.
1. Without a preliminary sketch,and immediately it’s boldly white"Of course, this may seem like a mockery - but it is best to do without a preliminary drawing :) The work without it looks fresh and complete." And I agree with this. In this case, the lines sound better, not tortured.

As an illustration, my sketch of flowers from a flower bed.
Well, real masters with a steady hand and a keen eye generally create masterpieces in this way.
This method is suitable not only for graphics, but also for watercolors. Here's how Veronica writes about it: Sometimes it seems to me that my watercolors without preliminary lines have more advantages: I do not force myself into a framework and follow only my feelings. The sheet is like a blank field for composition; it constantly changes in the process and all that remains is to adapt.

This is my work without any preliminary drawing, just with a brush.
2. The second method is a classic of the genre.
Of course, we are talking about a simple black lead pencil.
There are several nuances for beginners:

do not use pencils that are too soft or too hard (in the first case you risk getting smeared spots, in the second you risk getting deformed paper)

something in between is better (HB or F) F is between H (hard) and HB (hard-soft)

do not hold the pencil like a pen: grab its distant part as if you were holding a spoon and draw light rough lines: this way they will be easier to erase from the sheet

After applying the design, you can weaken its tone using a nag. With its help, the drawing is not smeared and the paper is not erased, like with an eraser. The nag delicately removes the top layer of the graphite trace. In Soviet times, they used bread crumbs for this purpose :)

and of course, don’t forget to check whether your material fits well on a simple pencil. For example, if you are planning a painting with charcoal or pastel, then these materials do not have good contact with a black graphite pencil.

On the other hand, you can not erase anything, but, on the contrary, make the drawing an integral part of the whole work:

Fabrice Moireau, Paris sketchbook
3. Method three, bold.
This method is suitable for watercolor or any other paint.
I especially love it when I draw people.
I dilute natural sienna or ocher with pale color and apply the design directly with a brush. I don’t just draw with lines, but immediately give the entire volume with a brush.
Here is the beginning and end of the work: ( further works by Veronica Kalacheva)

It just looks scary, but in fact it really helps to determine the correct proportions. It is much easier to make mistakes in anatomy when drawing with a pencil, because there is a temptation to draw out the nuances at an early stage. With a medium squirrel brush I set the volume, and then I add shadow there and slowly work out the details.

Sometimes I use another way:
I make a preliminary drawing under watercolor with colored watercolor pencils. If they then shine through in the final work, they are perceived quite harmoniously. But I always want to put the black lead pencil out of sight :)
For preliminary oil painting, charcoal is traditionally used.
creative director of the school, Veronika Kalacheva