The role of literature in the spiritual life of society. The role of books in spiritual and moral development

The role of literature in human life is difficult to assess. Books have educated more than one generation of people. Unfortunately, in modern society the role of literature is underestimated. There is a category of people who declare that literature has outlived its usefulness as an art form, it has been replaced by cinema and television. But there remains that category of people who recognize and appreciate the importance of literature in our lives.
As you know, books perform two main functions: informational and aesthetic. From generation to generation, it was with the help of books that experience accumulated over centuries was passed on; knowledge was stored in books and discoveries were recorded.
Books provided a platform for the proclamation of new ideas and worldviews. In difficult life situations, a person resorts to a book and draws wisdom, strength and inspiration from it. After all, the book is universal, in it a person can find the answer to any question of interest.
Realizing your aesthetic function, literature teaches the beautiful, the good, shapes moral principles. Books form not only moral ideals, but also ideals of appearance and behavior. Heroines and heroes of books become role models. Their images and thoughts are taken as the basis for their own behavior. Therefore, it is so important, during the period of personality formation, to turn to the right books that will give the right guidelines.
Throughout its centuries-long history, our people have created highly artistic literature. It has a worthy place in world culture.
Fiction has enormous socio-political, educational and cognitive role, because it presents the history of the entire people, their struggle for their will, for their lucky and happy life, for the battle against national as well as social oppression.
Literature honestly and fairly reflects social reality: various periods of life of the entire people, aspirations and, of course, hopes of people.
Fiction is a type of art that is the most powerful means of human knowledge, a tool that influences current reality. Literature shapes the human mind, his will and psyche, his feelings and human a strong character, namely, it shapes a person’s personality.
The creator of literature summarizes various life events and phenomena, then builds typical images, and at the same time shows his personal attitude to these events or incidents. The significance of a writer and his work, and, consequently, literature is reflected in how truthfully and correctly the interests and dreams of people are reflected and expressed. Artistic creativity intended to serve the people. In literary works we learn about the past, present and, of course, see the future dreams of a person. In the imagination begin to form newest concepts, a hitherto unknown feeling is born in the depths of my soul. But only literary works and we perceive works first of all with our hearts, and then with our practical mind and common sense.
Literature is based on humanistic views and beliefs, approves of imperishable and eternal human values. This is precisely why it is close, very necessary and simply necessary for humanity. Writers and creators of literature, in works completely different in their genre, reflect diverse segments of the population, reveal talent and gift common man, glorify the work of people. And this instills interest in one’s own history, love for one’s native mother land, for parents and loved ones, for one’s neighbor and one’s own fraternal peoples…
Literature helps and supports a person in difficult moments life path, inspires one to perform heroic deeds for the sake of one’s neighbors and for the sake of others, gives strength to overcome various everyday troubles, guides and orients one on the path to the correct solution of important problems. this moment problems. This is precisely why it is valuable for us and for each nation separately.
Thus, the role of literature at all times and in modern times is to help a person understand himself and the world, to awaken in him the desire for truth, happiness, to teach respect for the past, for knowledge and moral principles passed on from generation to generation. Whether or not to take advantage of this opportunity that books provide is a personal choice for each person.

Target: deepen students’ understanding of literature as the art of speech, its role in the spiritual life of a person.

During the classes.

I. Exchange of views on personal reading experiences.

1. What books you read in the summer interested you?

3. How did the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in literature classes in previous years help you read and understand books?

4. What literary, encyclopedic, linguistic dictionaries and reference books are in your home library? Which ones would you recommend to your classmates?

II. Reading introductory article“A word to ninth graders” (p. 3).

Conversation on the article.

How do you understand the expression “basic basic education”?

Why is it that the 9th grade curriculum includes, at least in excerpts, the most significant works of Russian literature?

Why does mastering this program require independence, initiative and creativity from students?

What kind of reading will the works being studied require? Are you ready for this reading?

III. Review of the 9th grade literature course.

The main objective of the 9th grade literature course is to introduce you to the richness of Russian literature and the endless variety of its forms. Let's turn the pages of the textbook to get acquainted with the components of our course.

The first page of the desk calendar opens on the board with a colorful inscription: “Old Russian literature”

Scientists tend to consider the end of the 10th century to be the time when ancient Russian literature emerged. And we begin the 9th grade program with an acquaintance with the most ancient creation, which has preserved the living charm of artistry to this day, created at the end of the 12th century.

The fate of the ancient Russian poem “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” is unique. The poem attracts people with an irresistible force, like a mysterious magnet.

Delving into this creation, you will learn what valor and courage, bravery and loyalty are... For a long time after reading, mirages of the noisy, but so close past will stand before your eyes. You will see the endless southern steppe, in which military shields are red like blooming wild poppies, bloody dawns are rising, blue lightning is scurrying in the skies, the wind is blowing gold-embroidered banners. You will hear how carts creak in the night, how alarmed foxes bark, how the nightingale’s clicking does not stop, how swords ring and cross, how a horse’s tramp is heard, how funeral laments sound and how the harp rumbles the glory of the soldiers returning from the campaign.

“The Word...” is a precious pearl, mined from the depths of time, spared by centuries, the mysterious shine of which has the magical property of attracting eyes and hearts. Many years from now, your children’s children, your grandchildren’s grandchildren will read Igor’s song.

The second page of the “calendar” opens: “ Literature XVIII century. Classicism. Sentimentalism" (writing in a notebook).

A living example of fate talented people in conditions of autocratic tyranny, the fate of M. V. Lomonosov, the Russian reformer, became literary language and versification, a great scientist, poet and artist, about whom Pushkin wrote: “Combining extraordinary willpower with the extraordinary power of concept, Lomonosov embraced all branches of education. Having discovered the “true sources of our poetic language"Lomonosov pointed out the only correct path for its development - the path of bringing the literary language closer to the folk language."

A. S. Griboyedov and A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov and N. V. Gogol, F. I. Tyutchev and A. A. Fet, A. N. Ostrovsky and F. M. Dostoevsky, N. A. Nekrasov and L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov. What amazing meetings and discoveries await us!

Teacher (opens the latestcmpaprostratey - "LiteratureXXcentury").

The 20th century - the century of military and revolutionary upheavals - gave rise to a powerful and multifaceted reflection of life situations in poetry, prose, drama, and journalism.

There is a “roll call” of topics and names.

Until 1917, Russian literature was united. In the poetry of this time, A. Blok, N. Gumilev, A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelstam, M. Tsvetaeva, B. Pasternak, S. Yesenin occupied a strong place, in prose - I. Bunin, M. Gorky, L. Andreev.

After 1917, some writers emigrated from Russia, and Russian literature was divided into two branches, developing in parallel. Among the writers of Russian diaspora - I. Bunin, I. Shmelev, B. Zaitsev, V. Nabokov, V. Khodasevich, G. Adamovich and others.

In Soviet literature of the 20s. The theme of the Civil War dominated; in the 1930s, artistic interpretation of the events that took place in the country began - in the works of M. Gorky, M. Sholokhov, N. Ostrovsky, A. Makarenko, A. Tvardovsky.

Since 1941, the theme of the Great Patriotic War has become comprehensive.

In the literature of the 50-70s. Many events of the war are being rethought, and the contradictions of the new peaceful life are reflected.

The tragic fate of prisoners of Stalin’s camps brought to life A. Solzhenitsyn’s book “The Gulag Archipelago”, the stories of V. Shalamov and many other works.

IV. Final words from the teacher.

Only individual milestones of the great, tragic, contradictory history of modern Russian literature of the 20th century are indicated here, which the cattle will get to know; not all the names of the writers who played a significant role in this literature are named. You will learn about this later , in the meantime, I wish you the incomparable happiness of recognizing a literary work, when you begin to understand what distances open up behind every turn of the plot, behind every metaphor, humane hint.

Homework: reading “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”; retelling of the article “Old Russian Literature”, p. 4-6.

Topic: Meaning ancient Russian literature. “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” is the greatest monument of ancient Russian literature.

Target: show original character ancient Russian literature, the richness and diversity of its genres; introduce the history of the discovery of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”

During the classes

I. Repetition of what has been studied in grades 5-8.

I. Conversation under the article “Old Russian Literature”.

1) When and how did Russian literature begin? (OccurrenceRussian literature refers to the endXcentury, when with the adoption of Christianity as the state religion in Rus', church-service and historical-narrative works appeared in the Church Slavonic language.)

2) What were her first works? (“The Tale of Bygone Years”, lives of princes Boris and Gleb, “Sermon on Law and Grace”, “Walk” by Abbot Daniel, “Teachings” by Vladimir Monomakh, etc.)

3) Are the names of their authors known? (Chronicle Nestor, abbot of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery of Feodosia, Kiev Metropolitan Hilarion, abbot Daniel, Prince Vladimir Monomakh, monk Kirill of Turov, traveler Afanasy Nikitin, etc.)

2. Quiz“Recognize the work from the passage and determine its genre.”

What genres of ancient Russian literature do you remember?

Teaching is a heartfelt conversation about spiritual values.

(Vladimir Monomakh.)

Tale, As a rule, it tells about important historical events. (“The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu.”)

Word is an example of solemn eloquence.

IN walking information about long-distance travel is provided.

INhagiography - description of the spiritual exploits and good deeds of the saints. (B. Zaitsev " Venerable Sergius Radonezh", "The Tale of the Life of Alexander Nevsky".)

Define the word "genre".

(Genre- a historically emerging type of literary works that have features, characteristics, and patterns that distinguish them from other works.)

Can a hagiography be dedicated to describing the life and exploits of robbers? (No, since this would be contrary to the laws of the genre.)

The genre that helped Rus' understand its purpose and its own history was the chronicle.

Chronicle - a narrative about events of historical importance, arranged “by years,” that is, in chronological order.

Quiz questions:

1) “And he said to them:

Collect at least a handful of oats, wheat or bran.

They collected. And he ordered the women to make a mash, from which jelly is boiled, dig a well, and pour the mash into a tub and lower it into the well. And he ordered to dig another well and insert a tub into it, and look for honey. We found a basket of honey in the prince's pantry. And he ordered the honey to be diluted and poured into a tub into the second well.” (“The Legend of Belgorod Jelly.”)

2) “A certain man was walking from Jerusalem to Jericho and was caught by robbers, who robbed him, took off his clothes, wounded him and left, leaving him barely alive. By chance, a priest was walking along the same road, saw him and passed by. The priest's assistant was also walking, came up, looked and passed by. And then a Samaritan passed along this road, saw him and took pity. He came up, bandaged his wounds, and poured oil into the wine. And he put him on his donkey, brought him to the inn and took care of him.” (“The Parable of the Good Samaritan.”)

3) “And he found a big and strong bull. And he ordered to enrage him. They burned the bull with a hot iron and let him go, and the bull ran past him, and he grabbed the bull by the side with his hand, and tore out the skin and meat, as much as his hand grabbed. And Vladimir told him: “You can fight him.” (“The Tale of Kozhemyak.”)

4) “And the father ordered the servants: “Bring the best clothes and dress him, and put a ring on his hand and shoes on his feet. And slaughter the fatted calf, and let us feast and be merry. For this son of mine was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.” (“The Parable of the Prodigal Son.”)

5) “Sergius lived during the Tatar era. She didn’t touch him personally: the Radonezh forests covered him. But he was not indifferent to the Tatars. A hermit, he calmly, as he did everything in life, raised his cross for Russia and blessed Dmitry Donskoy for that battle, Kulikovo, which for us will forever take on a symbolic, mysterious connotation.

In the duel between Rus' and Khan, the name of Sergius is forever associated with the creation of Russia.” (Genre of life. B. Zaitsev “St. Sergius of Radonezh.”)

II. Introduction to The Tale of Igor's Campaign.

There are not many works in all of world literature that would arouse such long-lasting and intense interest. Igor's song is published and republished. A huge poetic library of variations on the theme “Words” has been created. Scientists in various countries around the world argue about the poem, which has been translated many times into many European and Eastern languages. IN last decades Studies of this work have appeared not only among our Slavic neighbors, but also in the USA, Australia, England, France, Italy... What is the appeal of “The Lay”?

1. 
   Expressive reading Old Russian text (the beginning of the poem).

2. Acquaintance with prose (D. S. Likhachev) and poetic translations of the same passage (V. A. Zhukovsky).

“Is it right for us, brothers, to start old? (antique) expressions tale of woe about the campaign of Igor, Igor Svyatoslavich? - (No), we must begin this song following the actual events of our time, and not according to (antique) plan (method, plan, method) Boyana. For the prophetic Boyan, if he wanted to compose a song for someone, then (instead of following exactly the actual events- "epics of this time") thoughts spread across the tree, gray wolf on the ground, like a gray eagle under the clouds (his creative manner was very pompous and pompous). He remembered, as he said, the initial times of the war (And) then he released ten falcons (fingers) to a flock of swans (9 strings): which (from falcons) caught up with what (swan), that first one (And) sang a song (“glory”) old Yaroslav (to the wise) brave Mstislav (to Vladimirovich), who stabbed Rededya (Kasozh prince) in front of the Kasozh regiments (in Tmutorokan), to the wonderful Roman Svyatoslavich (son of Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, Prince of Tmutorokansky). That, brothers, Boyan did not let ten falcons fly on a flock of swans, but he laid his prophetic fingers on living strings; they are themselves (without any effort, in familiar old expressions, “old words”) they rumbled glory to the princes.”

(Translation by D. S. Likhachev)

3. The teacher's word.

As you have seen, the numerous translations of the Lay are varied: from accurate, carried out by scientists, to free translations. They certainly predominate poetic translations. But any translation is conditional, since the “Word” cannot be considered a poetic work from today’s point of view. Until the 18th century. in Rus' they did not know the difference between prose and poetry. Some texts were intended to be sung, others to be spoken. The legendary Boyan sang his works. The author of the history of Igor’s campaign calls it “the word,” but we have already noted its rhythm. This is a special folk song verse.

4. Reading the textbook article “From the history of the manuscript” (p. 8).

For the lesson, you can prepare an exhibition of books about the “Word” and provide an overview of the most interesting studies.

Teacher. For example, a book famous writer Evgenia Osetrova is dedicated to this great creation. On its pages images are recreated, art world, the circumstances of creation and the history of studying the brilliant poem of the 12th century. The author introduces readers to artistic system Igor's song, talks about the debate that is going on about this work, about the influence it had ancient creation on national culture. (Sturgeon E.I. The World of Igor’s Song. Etudes. - M: Sovremennik, 1977.)

5. Teacher's message about historical basis"Words".

In the early 80s. XII century Prince Svyatoslav of Kyiv drove back the Polovtsians with the combined efforts. In 1185, without warning the Kiev prince Svyatoslav and other princes, the Novgorod-Seversky prince Igor Svyatoslavovich went to the Polovtsian steppe along with his son, brother and nephew. They set out on a campaign on April 23, and on May 1, a solar eclipse caught them on the way, but, despite the terrible omen, Igor did not turn his army back. In the first clash with the Polovtsians, Igor was victorious, but in the second battle he was defeated, and the princes were captured for the first time in many years. Having won a victory over Igor, the Polovtsians rush to Russian land, besiege Pereyaslavl, and burn the fortifications near Putivl. Shortly before the return of the Polovtsians, Igor manages to escape from captivity.

Contemporaries assessed the events of 1185 differently. We know both estimates from two ancient chronicles - Laurentian and Ipatiev. The Laurentian Chronicle sharply condemns Igor, portraying him as a arrogant and ambitious prince, a short-sighted commander. In the “Chronicle Tale,” which is in the Ipatiev Chronicle, there is no direct condemnation of the prince; he even evokes sympathy - not only with his dignified behavior during the battle, but also with repentance for having participated in internecine wars and causing a lot of suffering to the Russian land.

III. Lesson summary.

Homework: read “The Word” translated by N. A. Zabolotsky, p. 9-31; prepare your favorite passage for expressive reading (or by heart); individual task: prepare comparative plans for the narrative of Igor’s campaign according to the “Lay” and according to the Ipatiev Chronicle.

Topic: “The Word...” as a highly patriotic work. The idea, the figurative system, the landscape of “The Word...”, the influence of folklore.

Target: introduce the figurative system of the “Word”, its main idea; give the concepts of patriotism, ambition; work on expressive reading.

Equipment: projector, screen, computer.

Progress of lessons

I. Checking homework.

Comparative analysis of the Ipatiev Chronicle and the Lay.

How does the narrative in the Lay differ from the Ipatiev Chronicle? (It is more lyrical, emotional, colored by the author’s attitude to the material presented.)

What are the most striking compositional parts not related to the plot, characteristic only of “The Lay”? (Lyrical digression about civil strife, “ golden word"Svyatoslav, Yaroslavna's cry.)

2. Expressive reading (or reading by heart) of favorite passages followed by comments.

II. Learning new material.

- How did the “soul-piercing patriotism” of the unknown author manifest themselves in them?

What universal meaning history of Prince Igor's campaign? (These are thoughts not only about ambition and human pride, but also about love for the Motherland.)

2. Characteristics figurative system"Words".

1) What images of “The Word” do you remember?

2) How do you imagine them?

3) Compare your idea with the illustrations of V. A. Favorsky (p. 10 of the textbook).

4) Who main character"Tales of Igor's Campaign"? Opinion exchange.

Prince Igor? No. More is said about him than about other princes, but almost always in a lovingly reproachful tone.

Igor's regiment? But the latter was defeated, opening the road to Russia Steppe.

Yaroslavna? She is beautiful, touching, heroic, but she is still an episodic person, a character, perhaps the best, but the only chapter of the poem.

Svyatoslav of Kyiv? He is the embodiment of state wisdom and paternal nobility, an expresser of judgments about current events, he is the second poetic “I”, it is not without reason that his speech, called the Golden Word, imperceptibly turns into the author’s appeal to the princes.

Teacher. The real hero of the poem is the Russian land. The singer gives her all the heat of his heart, immeasurable love, filial affection and fidelity.

For the author, the princely squads are “Russian sons”, “Russian regiments”, whom “Russian wives” are waiting for. The brave warriors mentioned four times in the poem are “Rusichi”. In the context of the poem, this word has an epic sound, it seems to be forever carved in granite: “...Rusichi great fields the emblazoned shields of the city." Or: “...that feast is the end of the brave Russians.”

The author is an extraordinary figure of pre-Mongol Rus'; his patriotic pathos was not the product of personal sentiments and beliefs. The value of the poem for that time was that it expressed in unsurpassed artistic form what was ripening in the minds the best people era. So, in the Ipatiev Chronicle, in the entry under the year 1168, the prince exclaims: “God forbid that we lay down our heads for the peasants and for the Russian land.”

In the Lay the Russian land appears in all its historical and natural beauty. Through the eyes of the author, the people seemed to look for the first time at their native and long-lived places. Spread over vast expanses - from Volkhov to the Black Sea - the Russian land was “beautifully decorated” with cities, villages, and fortresses.

We can say that Rus' has grown and hardened in the fight against the Steppe. Defending, and often going on the offensive, Rus' defended its people, statehood, and its young, undoubtedly extraordinary culture, and served as a shield for Europe in the East. It is not for nothing that Igor’s song recalls with such pride “the campaign of Svyatoslav” - the formidable and great one, who, advancing on the Polovtsian land, trampled down hills and ravines, stirred up rivers and lakes, dried up streams and swamps, and captured Khan Kobyak.

But a sad time came when, according to Igor the singer, brother began to challenge brother, and the princes began to talk about small things “that are great.” Because of the strife, the “filthy” from all sides began to come with victories to the Russian land. The author not only recalls past victories, not only mourns the misfortunes of modern times that have befallen the Russian land. The poet calls to stand up for “the insult of this time,” for the Russian land.

There is even an assumption that the “Word” spoken at the meeting of the princes forced them to stop fighting for several years and vigilantly monitor the machinations of the nomads, that is, it gave them a brief military respite.

The singer of "Words", with a falcon's gaze examining all the edges native land, plunging into past centuries, was an active son of a turbulent time, he knew all the joys, sorrows, defeats and victories of his years.

He was the first to choose the Russian land as the main character of the work, laying the foundation for a heroic tradition that has lived for centuries.

3. Study of the composition “Words”.

What is the composition of the “Words”?

Of course, it is complex, it is called inconsistent, emotional, mosaic. The author constantly moves from one topic to another, transfers the scene of action from the Russian land to the Polovtsian steppe and back, then talks about the events of 1185, then interrupts the story with memories of the past. However, this inconsistency has its own artistic logic. Let's look at the text.

Expressive reading of the fragment (part I, chapter 12, pp. 16-17).

The author manages time in his own way, and in the midst of the battle, when every moment is precious, he makes a lyrical-historical digression, recalling the deeds of previous years and, above all, the strife started by the ancestor of the current Olegovichs who are now fighting, Oleg Svyatoslavich. Temporary distraction is necessary not only so that we understand the historical predetermination of what is happening - the inevitability of defeat as a consequence of princely strife. "Help-pause" executes here and artistic purpose. We see Igor's recklessness and unreasonableness against a broad historical background. Igor is what time has made him, the poem convinces.

It is no coincidence that in abstract the moral maxim is given that in the past boasts have already brought princes to the judgment of God and turned into a funeral veil. A meaningful message prepares us to understand: Igor is in the same position as the participants in past strife, and he will not escape punishment for his daring foray into the Field, for his desire for personal glory, for his unwillingness to moderate his ardor and be with other princes "for one heart."

Let's see, how does nature “respond” to current events?

In “The Lay” we are present at the miracle of the birth of that feeling of nature, which centuries later will find its full expression in Tyutchev’s poetic stanza:

Not what you think, nature;

Not a cast, not a soulless face, -

She has a soul, she has freedom,

It has love, it has language...

Let us take a closer look at the appearance and character of the steppe in which the main actions of the campaign unfold.

The steppe greets the army walking along the road with the roar of a thunderstorm, the howling of wolves through the ravines, the screeching of eagles; the army hears how the foxes “breach” onto the red shields. At night the steppe resounds with the “tickling” of nightingales, in the morning the squad is awakened by the chatter of jackdaws... Round the clock the steppe sounds, speaks in a feather-grass speech, incredibly full important. The poet loves the symbolic field landscape, when nature itself - “friendly” to “its own” - tries to warn the brave knights about the upcoming massacre. For this purpose, sharp color strokes are thrown onto the artistic canvas. From afar, changing colors are visible: “bloody dawns herald the light,” “black clouds are coming from the sea,” “blue lightning trembles.” The rain coming from the Don showers the army with arrows...

At the time of Igor's flight - with all the drama of the story - our gaze stops at the steppe rivers spreading green grass, on the sandy banks, where swans, seagulls, and ducks swarm in the reed thickets. Everything is marked by sharp pictorial expressiveness and intense dynamism.

Expressive reading of the fragment (Part III, Ch. 2-5, pp. 28-30).

Dividing the “Word” into parts, title them:

1) A story about Igor’s campaign.

2) Dream and “golden word” of Svyatoslav.

3) Yaroslavna's lament.

4) The story of Igor’s escape from captivity.

Where does the “Word” begin? (From a short introduction in which the author reflects on how to conduct his story. But, incplundering the art of the old singer Bonn, he refuses to conduct his narrative-story “according to Bonn’s plan”, he intends to narrate “according to the stories of this time”- closer to actual events.)

Why do you think the author invites us to see Igor’s campaign through the eyes of people with different life experiences, to evaluate it from different points of view? (The story about Igor’s campaign is structured in such a way that we were able to see him through the eyes of a warrior and admired the daring courage of the prince; we heard the voice of a wise state ruler and thought about the fate of the Russian land, were imbued with the correctness of his passionate call to stand up for the Russian land; we were touched and captivated by Yaroslavna’s grief, grieving for her husband and striving to help him. And in each of these visions of events there is its own truth, its own “reality”.- pain. The author’s soul hurts for Igor, for the fate of the Russian land.)

Conclusion.

The author's ideal is the power of the Russian land, the unity of the princes. He wants to see princes as brothers, capable of feeling someone else's pain and helping in grief. “The Word” is a lesson in compassion, empathy and love for one’s land. (Write in notebook.)

4. Study of the influence of folklore on the “Word”.

When they talk about the folkloric nature of the Lay, they usually remember the wealth of pre-literate creativity, and indeed the entire oral poetic element that has always lived among the people, and consider how this wealth was reflected in Igor’s song.

Orally folk literature stable ideas about national character. It is enough to compare the passion and youth of Igor and the prowess of Vsevolod with the actions of Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, and it will become clear that their actions - violence in battle, unwillingness to balance strength with danger - are no exception. They behave like sons of the era.

Yaroslavna, wailing on the city wall, embodied the best features of epic heroines.

The most striking hero of the Lay is Vseslav of Polotsk, whose image combines the features of a real (“chronicle”) prince with the wizard Volkh Vseslavich, a folklore werewolf who ruled people during the day and reigned over animals at night.

Using any fragment as an example, show the folklore basis of the “Word”. (Write down examples constant epithets, fairy-tale motifs, repetitions, methods of animating nature, etc.).

III. Summary of lessons.

Homework: write home essay on one of the topics:

The image of the Russian land on the pages of the Lay;

Lament of Yaroslavna in the translation of Zhukovsky and Zabolotsky (comparative analysis);

Which episode of The Word was most interesting to you and why?

The lesson begins with a traditional warm-up, the purpose of which is to differentiate linguistic means artistic expression V poetic work. Much attention devoted to getting acquainted with the textbook. Analysis of an excerpt from the work of V. Lidin allows us to draw a conclusion about the role of literature in spiritual development person. During frontal poll Students give examples from history that, together with literature, form the best qualities of a person. It is traditional to comment on grades and summarize results at the end of the lesson. Homework is aimed at developing students' speech and identifying reading interests in the classroom.

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Date Lesson No. 1

Literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of man

The purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of ​​literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of a person.

Tasks:

Repeat the studied linguistic means of artistic expression,

Work on the development of monologue speech of students on a given topic,

Continue the work of instilling a sense of pride in our native literature.

Equipment: textbook, handouts, interactive board, epigraph.

During the classes.

1) Organizing time. Warm-upto determine the linguistic means of artistic expression (working on task No. 3 of the OGE in the Russian language)

The dormant bell

Woke up the fields

Smiled at the sun

Sleepy land.

Quiet Valley

Drives away sleep

Somewhere down the road

The ringing stops.

Students must identify epithets, metaphor, personification, inversion. At the same time, remember the author of the lines and his works.

2) Working with handoutsbased on an excerpt from the work of Vladimir Lidin. Reading, analysis.

“The Germans were expelled from Uman, and on the streets of the city, cars, armored personnel carriers and tanks, abandoned by them in flight, stood close together, back to back. On one of the streets across broken window ground floor I saw piles of books piled on the floor. ...I identified the library by the shelves. ... Looking closely, I saw the mournful figures of two middle-aged women sorting out books in the next room. Some of the books were already on the shelves. I approached the women and we met: one turned out to be a Russian language teacher Zinaida Ivanovna Valyanskaya, the other a librarian district library Yulia Aleksandrovna Panasevich, and they dragged the books lying on the floor from underground, where they survived the entire occupation. I picked up one of the books - it was a textbook economic geography, but after flipping through a few pages, I turned with bewilderment to the title of the book: it did not correspond to the content.

We have a lot of work ahead of us,” said one of the women, “the fact is that, by order of Gebietskommissar Opp, we had to destroy all the books on the attached list... We re-glued the title pages from old textbooks and various other books, and we managed to save almost everything, that was subject to destruction... so don’t be surprised if a volume of Pushkin’s works, for example, is called a manual for embroidery.

... Two courageous women saved an entire district library by pasting them into those that were to be destroyed. Books with different titles or by putting them in different bindings. And now they were sorting out their wealth, restoring what, by order of the appointed director of the library, Kramm, they had to tear to shreds.

In Uman, in the premises of the regional library, I became convinced of the immortality of the book.

Questions for consolidation:

Why do you think the action of these two women can be considered heroic or courageous?

Bring students to the conclusion that during the Great Patriotic War, women risked their lives to save books; they re-glued the spines. Do we treat them properly now?

3) Work on the topic. An epigraph will help us understand today's topic. These are the words of M. Gorky. The great Russian writer stated: “ Literature - textbook life" How do you understand this statement? …. (Bring students to the conclusion that the main purpose of literature is to cultivate spirituality in a person and develop his best qualities)

4) Introduction to the textbook. During grade 9 we will study works of ancient Russian literature, 18th, 19th, 20th centuries. Eras will change, literary trends, currents, authors. Literature has always covered and will cover events that reflect the history of our Motherland. And we have enough events that teach honor, decency, nobility, courage, generosity, mercy. What events do you think I'm talking about now? (Liberation from the Mongol-Tatar yoke, Patriotic War 1812, Decembrist uprising on December 14, 1825, abolition of serfdom in 1861, October Revolution, Civil War, Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945....) We can “try on” the actions of the heroes for ourselves, this will help us distinguish between good and evil, black and white, truth and lies. Let's use previously studied works as an example and determine what this or that hero can teach. (“Taras Bulba” by N. Gogol, “ Stationmaster"A. Pushkin, "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom", "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov", "Mtsyri" by M. Lermontov....)

Thus, we are once again convinced of how great the role of the book is in the spiritual life of a person. And again I would like to turn to the statement of M. Gorky. At one time he wrote: “I owe everything good in me to books.” Explain how you understand this statement in 3-5 sentences. (Independent work - consolidation for 5-7 minutes)

5) Reserve. Frontal survey.

What books did you read over the summer that interested you?

What books have you read on your own, and what do you remember?

Who has their own library, favorite book, author at home?

6) Summing up, commentary on marks.

7) Homework: prepare a message of 5-7 sentences on the topic “This book must be read”

The purpose of the lesson:

Determine the role of literature in the spiritual life of society,
To form students’ understanding of literature as the art of words,
Identify the level of literary development of students.

Besides literature, what to breathe,

Sinking to the bottom of the sea...

M. Shcherbakov. Whole summer

1. Org. Moment

2. Conversation on the question of understanding the quote included in the epigraph of the lesson

(Mikhail Shcherbakov, Moscow poet, creator of the original song, our contemporary).

3. Discussion of statements by Russian writers

How do you understand the statements of Russian writers about literary work and the role of books in a person’s spiritual life, try to confirm or refute the positions they expressed.

“As a person, as a personality, the Russian writer... stood illuminated bright light selfless and passionate love to the great work of life - literature, to the people tired of work, to their sad land. He was an honest fighter, a great martyr for the sake of truth, a hero in work and a child in relation to people, with a soul as transparent as a tear and bright as a star in the pale skies of Russia.” M. Gorky.

“All of Greece and Rome fed only on literature: in our sense, there were no schools at all! And how they grew. Literature actually exists the only school people, and it can be the only and sufficient school...” V. Rozanov.

“Russian literature... has always been the conscience of the people. Her place in public life country has always been honorable and influential. She educated people and strived for a just reconstruction of life.” D. Likhachev.

4. Expressive reading of poetry

Now let's read poems in which poets reflect on secrets writing work, about the role of writers in society.

Ivan Bunin

Word
The tombs, mummies and bones are silent,—
Only the word is given life:
From ancient darkness, on the world graveyard,
Only the Letters sound.

And we have no other property!
Know how to take care
At least to the best of my ability, in days of anger and suffering,
Our immortal gift is speech.

A. Akhmatova

Creation
It happens like this: some kind of languor;
The chime of the clock does not stop in my ears;
In the distance, the rumble of fading thunder.
Unrecognized and captive voices
I imagine both complaints and groans,
Some secret circle is narrowing,
But in this abyss of whispers and ringings
One, all-conquering sound rises.
It’s so incredibly quiet around him,
You can hear the grass growing in the forest,
How he walks dashingly on the ground with a knapsack...
But now the words are heard
And light rhymes are signal bells,—
Then I begin to understand
And just dictated lines
They go into a snow-white notebook.

B. Pastrnak

I want to reach everything
To the very essence.
At work, looking for a way,
In heartbreak.

To the essence of the past days,
Until their reason,
To the foundations, to the roots,
To the core.

Always catching the thread
Fates, events,
Live, think, feel, love,
Complete the opening.

Oh if only I could
Although partly
I would write eight lines
About the properties of passion.

About iniquities, about sins,
Running, chasing,
Accidents in a hurry,
Elbows, palms.

I would deduce her law,
Its beginning
And repeated her names
Initials.

I would plant poems like a garden.
With all the trembling of my veins
The linden trees would bloom in them in a row,
Single file, to the back of the head.

I would bring the breath of roses into poetry,
Breath of mint
Meadows, sedge, hayfields,
Thunderstorms rumble.

So Chopin once invested
Living miracle
Farms, parks, groves, graves
In your sketches.

Achieved triumph
Game and torment -
Bowstring taut
Tight bow.

5. Conversation on issues

Why is literature called the art of words? Show with examples what the art of words is?

Remember the works in which the characters read books and give them their assessments. Why is literature important to them?

What have you learned from literature about love and betrayal, about death and immortality, about nobility and meanness? Is such knowledge important for a person?

How has literature helped your own spiritual development?

What benefits can it give? to modern man reading literature of the past?

6. Conversation revealing the level of literary development of students

What Russian folklore do you remember? What is the significance of oral works folk art for the modern reader?

Which eternal questions raised by Russian writers? How did they solve them?

How are the humanistic thoughts of the authors reflected in the works of Russian literature? Name the works in which the problem of protecting the human person is raised. Give reasons for your position.

How did the heroes of Russian literature imagine happiness? Do you agree with them?

How do pictures of nature described in literature help in understanding human characters?

Identify works by fragment:

Blue, blue and purple hairs showed through the thin, tall stems of grass; yellow gorse jumped up with its pyramidal top; white porridge dotted the surface with umbrella-shaped caps; brought in, God knows from where, an ear of wheat was pouring into the thicket. Partridges darted under their thin roots, stretching out their necks. The air was filled with a thousand different bird whistles. Hawks stood motionless in the sky, spreading their wings and motionlessly fixing their eyes on the grass. The cry of a moving cloud wild geese reverberated in God knows what distant lake. A seagull rose from the grass with measured strokes and bathed luxuriously in the blue waves of air. There she has disappeared in the heights and only flickers like a single black dot. There she turned her wings and flashed in front of the sun. Damn you, steppes, how good you are!
“You want to know what I saw

Free? - Lush fields,

Hills covered with a crown

Trees growing all around

Noisy with a fresh crowd,

Like brothers dancing in a circle.

I saw piles of dark rocks

When the stream separated them,

And I guessed their thoughts:

It was given to me from above!

Stretched out in the air for a long time

Their stone embraces,

And they yearn for a meeting every moment;

But the days go by, the years go by -

They will never get along!

In what ways do writers evoke laughter, sadness, bitterness, indignation, and other feelings in readers?

What is the role of antithesis in a literary work? Give examples from Russian prose or poetry.

What role does it play in work of art hero-narrator? Give examples from works studied in 8th grade.

8. Homework

Answer one of the questions in writing:

How are people and history connected in " The captain's daughter"A.S. Pushkin?
What moral values ​​does M.Yu.’s poem affirm? Lermontov "Mtsyri"?
What is “bad in Russia” is ridiculed by N.V. Gogol in the play “The Inspector General” and M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in fairy tales?

Essay on the topic “Literature in human life.” 4.74 /5 (94.76%) 42 votes

Since childhood, we have been accompanied by various literary works: fairy tales, riddles, short stories, poems, novels, plays, and so on. They all play huge role in the development of man. Also in early age literary works lay in us the fundamental moral principles and norms. Fairy tales, riddles, parables and jokes teach us to value friendship, do good, not offend the weak, respect our parents, and think about our actions. All this is stated accessible language language for children, so they remember it quickly and easily. That is why the role of literature and books, in general, in human life is enormous. They not only participate in the formation of a person, but constitute a major part of the moral education of each of us.