Satirical motifs in the works of N. Gogol

In 1852, after Gogol’s death, Nekrasov wrote a beautiful poem, which can be an epigraph to Gogol’s entire work: “Feeding his chest with hatred, arming his lips with satire, he walks a thorny path with his punishing lyre.” These lines seem to give the exact definition of Gogol’s satire, because satire is an evil, sarcastic ridicule of not just universal human shortcomings, but also social vices. This laughter is not kind, sometimes “through tears invisible to the world,” because (and Gogol believed so) it is the satirical ridicule of the negative in our lives that can serve to correct it. Laughter is a weapon, a sharp, combat weapon, with the help of which the writer fought all his life against the “abominations of Russian reality.”

The great satirist began his creative journey with a description of the life, morals and customs of Ukraine, dear to his heart, gradually moving on to a description of all of vast Rus'. Nothing escaped the artist’s attentive eye: neither the vulgarity and parasitism of the landowners, nor the meanness and insignificance of the inhabitants. “Mirgorod”, “Arabesques”, “The Inspector General”, “Marriage”, “The Nose”, “Dead Souls” - a caustic satire on existing reality. Gogol became the first of the Russian writers in whose work the negative phenomena of life were most clearly reflected. Belinsky called Gogol the head of the new realistic school: “With the publication of Mirgorod and The Inspector General, Russian literature took a completely new direction.” The critic believed that “the perfect truth of life in Gogol’s stories is closely connected with the simplicity of meaning. He does not flatter life, but does not slander it; he is happy to expose everything that is beautiful and human in her, and at the same time does not hide her ugliness in the least.”

A satirical writer, turning to the “shadow of little things”, to “cold, fragmented, everyday characters,” must have a subtle sense of proportion, artistic tact, and a passionate love of nature. Knowing about the difficult, harsh field of a satirist writer, Gogol still did not renounce it and became one, taking the following words as the motto of his work: “Who, if not the author, should tell the holy truth!” Only a true son of the motherland could, in the conditions of Nicholas Russia, dare to bring to light the bitter truth in order to contribute through his creativity to the weakening of the feudal-serf system, thereby contributing to Russia’s movement forward. In The Inspector General, Gogol “collected everything bad in Russia into one pile”, brought out a whole gallery of bribe-takers, embezzlers, ignoramuses, fools, liars, etc. Everything in “The Inspector General” is funny: the plot itself, when the first person of the city mistakes an idle talker from the capital for an inspector, a man “with extraordinary lightness in his thoughts”, Khlestakov’s transformation from a cowardly “elistratishka” into a “general” (after all, those around him mistake him for a general) , the scene of Khlestakov’s lies, the scene of a declaration of love to two ladies at once, and, of course, the denouement and silent comedy scene.

Gogol did not show a “positive hero” in his comedy. The positive beginning in The Inspector General, in which the high moral and social ideal of the writer underlying his satire was embodied, was “laughter,” the only “honest face” in comedy. It was laughter, Gogol wrote, “which completely flows out of the bright nature of man... because at the bottom of it lies an ever-bubbling spring of it, which deepens the subject, makes brightly appear what would have slipped through, without the penetrating power of which the trifles and emptiness of life would not frighten "If only a person could do that."

They curse him from all sides, And only when they see his corpse, How much he did, will they understand, And how he loved, while hating.

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MBOU Vilskaya Secondary School Literature lesson in 8th grade N.V. Gogol - writer - satirist Teacher of Russian language and literature Rezanova Svetlana Viktorovna 2015

“Every trait of a great artist is a property of history.” Victor Hugo.

Father N.V. Gogol Vasily Afanasyevich Gogol-Yanovsky (1777-1825), served at the Little Russian Post Office, in 1805 he retired and married Maria Ivanovna Kosyarovskaya, Gogol’s mother Maria Ivanovna Kosyarovskaya was known as the first beauty in the Poltava region. Mother N.V. Gogol

Vasilievka. The writer spent his childhood here

Gymnasium of Higher Sciences in Nizhyn Here Gogol is engaged in painting, participates in performances - as a decorative artist and as an actor, writes elegiac poems, tragedies, historical poems, and stories.

After graduating from high school in 1828, Gogol went to St. Petersburg. N.V. Gogol. Rice. Vit. Goryacheva

During this period, “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” (1831-1832) was published. N.V. Gogol became famous.

N.V.Gogol. Artist F.A. Moller

Humor is a cheerful, sharp, playful turn of mind, able to notice and sharply but harmlessly expose the oddities of morals or customs; prowess, rampant irony. Explanatory words by V. Dahl Irony is a subtle mockery expressed in a hidden form. . Dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova

Comedy is a type of dramatic work with a funny, amusing or satirical plot (Small Academic Dictionary) SATIRE (lat. satira) is a way of manifesting the comic in art, consisting of a destructive ridicule of phenomena that seem vicious to the author

In 1835, N.V. Gogol began working on The Inspector General. Gogol's drawing for the last scene of The Inspector General

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Literature teacher

Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 83", Barnaul

- satirist writer.

The vital basis of the comedy "The Inspector General".

Knowledge in the lesson: humor and satire as the basis of artistic style

During the classes.

I. Repetition. What works of Gogol do you know? What literary characters created by the writer do you remember? How do they attract your attention?

II. What biographical facts influenced the formation of his creative style?

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was born on March 20, 1809 in the town of Velikiye Sorochintsy, Mirgorod district, Poltava province. He was named Nicholas in honor of the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas, kept in the church of the village of Dikanka.

He spent his childhood years in his native estate Vasilievka (another name is Yanovshchina). The Gogols had over 1000 acres of land and about 400 serfs.

The writer's father, Vasily Afanasyevich Gogol-Yanovsky, served at the Little Russian Post Office, retired with the rank of collegiate assessor in 1805 and married Maria Ivanovna Kosyarovskaya, who came from a landowner family. The story of his marriage is interesting: as if the Mother of God appeared to him in a dream and pointed to a certain child. Later, he recognized this same child in Maria Ivanovna. In the early 20s, he became close friends with the former Minister of Justice Dmitry Prokofievich Troshchinsky, who lived in the village of Kibintsy and set up a home theater here. Gogol was the director of this theater and an actor. For this theater he composed comedies in the Little Russian language.

Gogol's mother came from a landowner family. According to legend, she was the first beauty in the Poltava region. He married Vasily Afanasyevich at the age of fourteen. Her family life was the calmest, but Maria Ivanovna was distinguished by increased impressionability, religiosity and superstition. In addition to Nikolai, the family had five more children.

Initially, Gogol studied at the Poltava district school, and in 1821 he entered the newly founded Nizhyn Gymnasium of Higher Sciences. Gogol was a fairly average student, but distinguished himself in the gymnasium theater as an actor and decorator. He performs comic roles with particular success. The first literary experiments date back to the gymnasium period, for example, the satire “Something about Nezhin, or the law is not written for fools” (not preserved).

Most of all, however, Gogol is occupied by the thought of the state. service in the field of justice. After graduating from the gymnasium in December 1829, Gogol went to St. Petersburg. In his dreams, St. Petersburg was a magical land, where people enjoy all material and spiritual blessings, where they are waging a great struggle against evil - and suddenly, instead of all this, a dirty, uncomfortable, furnished room, worries about how to have a cheaper dinner, anxiety at the sight of How quickly the wallet, which seemed inexhaustible in Nizhyn, is being emptied.

Experiencing financial difficulties, unsuccessfully fussing about a place, Gogol made his first literary attempts: at the beginning of 1829, the poem “Italy” appeared, and in the spring of the same year, under the pseudonym V. Alov, Gogol published “an idyll in pictures, “Hanz Küchelgarten.” The poem caused harsh and mocking reviews. In his first years in St. Petersburg, Gogol changed many apartments. Zverkov's house probably did not become the happiest place for him. Hanz Küchelgarten was written around this time. But he burned his unsuccessful opus not here at all, but in a hotel room specially rented for this purpose.

At the end of 1829, he managed to decide to serve in the department of state economy and public buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. His stay in the office caused Gogol deep disappointment in government service, but provided him with rich material for future works.

Over the years, “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” was published, which aroused universal admiration.

From 1831 to 1836, Gogol lived almost entirely in St. Petersburg. This time was the period of his most intense literary activity. In 1835 Gogol's collection Mirgorod was published. Critics were unanimous in their assessment of Gogol's talent; they especially singled out the story "Taras Bulba".

While working on his stories, Gogol also tried his hand at drama. The theater seemed to him a great force of exceptional importance in public education. In 1835, The Inspector General was written, the plot of which was suggested by Pushkin. On April 19, 1836, the premiere of “The Inspector General” took place on the stage of the Alexandria Theater in St. Petersburg, which was attended by the author who approved the play for production and publication. For a copy of The Inspector General, presented to the Emperor, Gogol received a diamond ring.

Soon after the production of The Inspector General, hounded by the reactionary press, Gogol went abroad. In total, he lived there for twelve years. The writer lived in Germany, Switzerland, France, Austria, the Czech Republic, but most of all in Italy. Abroad, he writes his main book-poem “Dead Souls”, there he learns about the death of Pushkin.

In 1848, Gogol returned to Russia and settled in the house of Count Alexander Petrovich Tolstoy on Nikitsky Boulevard. There he occupied two rooms on the first floor: one served as a reception room, the other as an office, which was connected by a door to the people's room. Here Gogol was looked after like a child, given complete freedom in everything. He didn't care about anything. Lunch, tea, dinner were served wherever ordered.

The writer's death followed on February 21, 1852 at about 8 o'clock in the morning. The day before, late in the evening, he said loudly: “The stairs, quickly, give me the stairs.”

Gogol's death still remains a mystery. To some extent, light is shed on the mysteries of Gogol’s biography by the story of the writer’s sister Olga Vasilievna: “He was very afraid of the cold. The last time he left here, from Vasilyevka, with the intention of spending the winter in Rome, but he stopped by Moscow, where his friends began to beg him to stay, to live in Russia, and not to leave for Rome. My brother made a lot of excuses and kept repeating that the frosts were harmful to him. And they made fun of him, assuring him that it all seemed so to him, that he would survive the winter in Russia just fine. We persuaded my brother. He stayed and died. Then my eldest son died. Then our old house became unbearable for us. There is a popular belief: if a contractor building a house becomes angry with the owner and if he “mortgages the house on his head,” then misfortunes will loom over that house. All the men in our family died. We decided that this house was cursed, and tore it down, and built a new one, although almost next to the old one, but still in a different place. And this strange phenomenon happened after the old house was destroyed. On the eve of Easter, the maid had a dream that the old house was intact, and there she saw many men who had already died, describing the appearance of even those whom she had never seen. Perhaps it was in the house that the reasons for the family's misfortunes lay. After the house was demolished everything went well. Many children were born who lived long and were healthy. However, there was not the slightest sign of talent in them.”

In a strange way, Gogol probably foresaw his death. He always avoided meeting with the kindest and sweetest Moscow “doctor of the poor” Fyodor Petrovich Gaaz. However, on the night of New Year 1852, he accidentally met a doctor coming out of the rooms of the owner of the house where the writer lived. In his broken Russian, Haaz wished him with all his kind heart a new year that would grant him an eternal year. Indeed, the leap year of 1852 brought the writer together with eternity, just as his works remained in the eternal world history of literature.

Gogol was buried in the Donskoy Monastery. In 1931, Gogol's remains were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery.

III. In “An Actor's Confession” he explains why humor and satire became decisive in his work. What task did Gogol set for himself when starting to create the comedy “The Inspector General”?

Reading and discussion of the textbook article “The Great Satirist About Himself.” (Textbook-reader. Author-compiler. Mnemosyne. M. 2000).

IV. Gogol had his own ideas about the comedy genre.

What dramatic works (plays) have you read? What satirical works are you familiar with?

V. Drama as a type of literature.

VI. The teacher's word about the creation of "The Inspector General".

In October 1835, Pushkin handed over the plot of “The Inspector General” to Gogol, rough sketches appeared in December, the first edition appeared in 1836, and in total Gogol worked on the text of the comedy for 17 years. The text of 1842 is considered definitive.

Gogol dreamed of returning comedy to its lost meaning. The theater is a great school: it reads a live, useful lesson to a whole crowd at a time. The plot of the comedy is not original. Previously known plays: Kvitko-Osnovyanenko “A Visitor from the Capital, or Turmoil in a County Town” and Alexander Veltman “Provincial Actors”.

Gogol was accused of plagiarism, but the novelty of his play is that the person mistaken for an auditor did not intend to deceive anyone.

The theme of the comedy is taken from reality itself. The situation at that time was such that the governor was the complete owner of the province, and the mayor was the complete owner of the district city. Arbitrariness and unrest reigned everywhere. The only thing holding me back was the fear of the auditor from St. Petersburg. Gogol took an old theme (abuse of office) and created a work that turned out to be an indictment against the entire Russian statehood of Nicholas I.

Does the comedy theme sound modern?

The first production of the play was received ambiguously. The social significance of the play was not immediately understood. At the premiere on April 19, 1836, at the Alexandria Theater in St. Petersburg, Tsar Nicholas I was present, who was pleased with the performance: “Everyone got it here, and most of all I.”

How did it happen that, given such an assessment, the play saw the light of day? Apparently, at first it was approved personally by Nicholas I, who did not understand all its enormous revealing power. Most likely, Nicholas I believed that Gogol laughed at the ordinary towns, their life, which the tsar himself despised from his height. He did not understand the true meaning of The Inspector General. Bewilderment gripped the first spectators. Confusion turned into indignation. The officials did not want to recognize themselves. The general verdict: “This is an impossibility, slander and a farce.”

The satirical power of this work was such that Gogol incurred fierce attacks from reactionary circles. This and dissatisfaction with the St. Petersburg production, which reduced social comedy to the level of vaudeville, cause depression and departure abroad.

VII. Heroes of Gogol's comedy.

VIII. Gogol's laughter did a great job. He had enormous destructive power. He destroyed the legend about the inviolability of the feudal-landowner foundations, brought justice to them, and awakened faith in the possibility of a different, more perfect reality.

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Satirist writer. The vital basis of comedy.

Teacher of Russian language and literature, Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 54”
Orenburg.

Who can be considered a satirical writer and why?

M.V. Lomonosov
A.S. Pushkin
N.V. Gogol
A.P. Platonov

Types of literature

Lyrics

Drama

In the lyrics the thoughts and feelings of the author are expressed, in epic the work tells about events and people, “the voice of the author is heard.”

Lesson topic: Lesson objectives:
Add more information about N.V. Gogol as a satirist writer.
Give the concept of a dramatic work, comedy, the word auditor.
Reveal the ideological concept of the comedy “The Inspector General”.

Learn to work with a poster.
N.V. Gogol is a satirist writer.

The vital basis of the comedy "The Inspector General".
Gogol does not write, but draws;
his images breathe life
You see and hear them...
V.G. Belinsky.

In dramatic in the work, the author cannot tell the biography of the hero on his own behalf, cannot describe what the heroes look like, i.e. there are no portrait descriptions, cannot reveal the internal reasons for the actions of the heroes, directly express his attitude towards them, i.e. the heroes of a dramatic work are more “independent”, they seem to be less dependent on the support of the author. Thus, the speech characteristics of the hero are of greatest importance. The development of the play's action is based on the conflict between the characters, that is, the clash of their interests.

Dramaturgy is a type of fiction intended for the theater.
A play or drama is a dramatic work written specifically for a theatrical production.
Comedy is a dramatic work of a cheerful, cheerful nature, ridiculing the negative qualities of human character, shortcomings in social life and everyday life.
Remark - a note in the margins or between the lines, an explanation by the author of the play for the director or actors.

Drama is a type of literary work written in a dialogical form and intended to be performed by actors on stage.
Comedy is a dramatic work with a cheerful, funny plot.

“Petersburg is a great lover of theatre. If you are walking along Nevsky Prospekt on a fresh frosty morning... go into the vestibule of the Alexandria Theater at this time,” wrote N.V. Gogol

Petersburg. Nevsky Avenue.

History of the play

On Sunday, April 19, 1836, at the Alexandria Theater for the first time, an original comedy (that is, not translated, finally!) a comedy in 5 acts, “The Inspector General,”
composition by N. Gogol

“The theater is not at all a trifle and not at all an empty thing... This is a pulpit from which you can say a lot of good to the world” N.V. Gogol

Gogol read as hardly anyone can read. It was the height of amazing perfection.
M.P. Pogodin

On May 17 we watched The Inspector General. The mayor was played by Shchepkin for the first time upon his arrival from St. Petersburg, in which he left a living memory. The role of the mayor in Moscow was vulgarized during his absence, and the more impatiently we wanted to see it again, performed by a great artist. And how he accomplished it! No, I've never done it like this before!

"Inspector" -
it's a whole
sea of fear.
Yu. Mann

An audit is an examination of someone’s activities to establish the correctness and legality of actions.
An auditor is an official who carries out an audit.

Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky - mayor.

Anna Andreevna - his wife

Luka Lukich Khlopov – superintendent of schools

Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Lyapkin - judge

Artemy Filippovich Strawberry -
trustee of charitable institutions

Ivan Kuzmich Shpekin -
postmaster

Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky

Ivan Alekseevich Khlestakov

The Tsar laughed and applauded a lot at the comedy performance, probably wanting to emphasize that the comedy was harmless and should not be taken seriously. He understood perfectly well that his anger would be another confirmation of the veracity of Gogol’s satire. By publicly expressing royal complacency, Nicholas I wanted to weaken the public sound of The Inspector General. However, left alone with his retinue, the tsar could not stand the cunningly conceived role to the end and burst out: “What a play! Everyone got it, and I got it the most!”

Comedy epigraph:

There's no point in blaming the mirror,
if the face is crooked.
Popular proverb

Homework: 1.Read actions 1-4 and briefly retell. 2. Essay - miniature. “What did Khlestakov see during his inspection of the city?” 3. Prepare a message: “Images of officials.”

I wish you creative success!

Literature:

1. Literature in 8th grade. Lesson after lesson. Turyanskaya B.I. and others. 4th ed. - M.: 2006. - 240 p.
2.http://www.c-cafe.ru/days/bio/4/069.php
3. Gogol N.V. Inspector. – M.: Fiction, 1985. - 160 p.
4. Starodub K. Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich // Starodub K. Literary Moscow. - M.: Education, 1997. - P. 79-85.

Gogol's satire

The great satirist began his creative journey with a description of the life, morals and customs of Ukraine, dear to his heart, gradually moving on to a description of all of vast Rus'. Nothing escaped the artist’s attentive eye: neither the vulgarity and parasitism of the landowners, nor the meanness and insignificance of the inhabitants. “Mirgorod”, “Arabesques”, “The Inspector General”, “Marriage”, “The Nose”, “Dead Souls” - a caustic satire on existing reality. Gogol became the first of the Russian writers in whose work the negative phenomena of life were most clearly reflected. Belinsky called Gogol the head of the new realistic school: “With the publication of Mirgorod and The Inspector General, Russian literature took a completely new direction.” The critic believed that “the perfect truth of life in Gogol’s stories is closely connected with the simplicity of meaning. He does not flatter life, but does not slander it; he is happy to expose everything that is beautiful and human in it, and at the same time does not hide anything and its ugliness."

A satirical writer, turning to the “shadow of little things,” to “cold, fragmented, everyday characters,” must have a subtle sense of proportion, artistic tact, and a passionate love of nature. Knowing about the difficult, harsh field of a satirical writer, Gogol still did not renounce it and became one, taking the following words as the motto of his work: “Who, if not the author, should tell the holy truth!” Only a true son of the motherland could, in the conditions of Nicholas Russia, dare to bring to light the bitter truth in order to contribute through his creativity to the weakening of the feudal-serf system, thereby contributing to Russia’s movement forward. In The Inspector General, Gogol “collected everything bad in Russia into one pile,” bringing out a whole gallery of bribe-takers, embezzlers, ignoramuses, fools, liars, etc. Everything in “The Inspector General” is funny: the plot itself, when the first person of the city mistakes an idle talker from the capital for an inspector, a man “with extraordinary lightness of mind,” Khlestakov’s transformation from a cowardly “elistratishka” into a “general” (after all, those around him mistake him for a general) , the scene of Khlestakov’s lies, the scene of a declaration of love to two ladies at once, and, of course, the denouement and silent comedy scene.

Gogol did not show a “positive hero” in his comedy. The positive beginning in “The Inspector General,” in which the high moral and social ideal of the writer underlying his satire was embodied, was “laughter,” the only “honest face” in comedy. It was laughter, Gogol wrote, “which completely flows out of the bright nature of man... because at the bottom of it lies an eternally flowing spring of it, which deepens the subject, makes brightly appear that which would have slipped, without the penetrable power of which the trifle and emptiness of life They wouldn’t frighten a person like that.”

Satirically depicting the nobility and bureaucratic society, the worthlessness of their existence, parasitism, exploitation of the people, Gogol endlessly loves his native country and its people. Evil satire serves precisely this great love. Condemning everything bad in the social and state system of Russia, the author glorifies its people, whose forces do not find an outlet in serf Rus'. Gogol writes about the people with deep love. There is no more accusatory satire here, only sadness slips through about some aspects of the life of the people generated by serfdom. The writer is characterized by optimism; he deeply believes in the bright future of Russia. I would like to complete the work with lines from Nekrasov.