Scenario of an excursion to the ethnographic museum “Linen Bride. Scenario of the museum excursion "Russian hut" Thematic excursion script

CHAKHALYAN LYUDMILA NIKOLAEVNA Musical director of the highest category of MADOU of Nizhnevartovsk DS No. 41 “Rosinka”
SCENARIO OF AN EXCURSION TO THE MINI MUSEUM

"RUSSIAN IZBA"
Guides are children from 6-7 years old (the tour is conducted by one child or the text can be divided among several children) Hello, dear guests! A guest on the doorstep is a joy for the owner.
This is the room of a Russian hut, it is also called -
hut
Our great-grandmothers used to have this in the village. The central place in the house was
bake
, it was heated with wood and so that it burned well they were stirred like this
.
poker
The stove heated the house and cooked food in it.
cast iron pots
.
The pot was placed in the oven and taken out of it

grip
so that the hostess does not burn her hands.
The main food was porridge. There is a Russian proverb; “Soup soup and porridge are our food. We ate food with wooden spoons. When you eat with a wooden spoon, you will never get burned.
Table
- one of the main parts of the hut. It was made large so that the whole family could sit behind it on wooden benches. There was a big one on the table
On long winter evenings, housewives spun threads on it, and from the threads they knitted rugs, wove linen, sewed clothes, and from the scraps they collected bedspreads. They ironed clothes with a wooden iron called a rubel.
Near the spinning wheel there was always a baby cradle - a small bed for infants. The first cradle of a child was a cradle or it was also called a shaky. The cradle was suspended from the ceiling. The mother will put the baby in the cradle, rock it, while she spins yarn and sings lullabies.

There was no water in the house and the women walked through the water with a rocker to the well. They washed clothes in a wooden trough, on a washboard like this. Traditions are alive in Rus', no matter what the path, We cannot retreat from antiquity, the traditions of Russia, we must respect! All these items were collected by the pupils' parents and kindergarten staff.

Farewell, dear guests! (bow)

Developer: Natalya Anatolyevna Putilina – history teacher, museum director Lesson topic: Excursion to the ethnographic museum
Target:
creating conditions for the correction and development of cognitive activity of students.
Tasks:
consolidate the concepts of “museum”, “historical sources”; form an idea of ​​an ethnographic museum; expand and deepen students’ knowledge of the history of their native land;
develop logical thinking, curiosity, and the ability to conduct comparative analysis;

to cultivate love for our native land, respect for our ancestors, pride in our talented people.

Progress of the lesson:

Organizing time

Russia is a white birch

And the girl, ruddy from the frost,

And on a hot day the cheerful sound of the stream...

Russia is you and me!

We are going towards the heat and blizzards,

And the girl, ruddy from the frost,

We share sorrow and joy equally.

We are all one great family.

Every person has a place that is especially dear to them, no matter where they live on this vast planet. This place is called “small homeland”.

Some have a small homeland - a big city, a large industrial center, while others have a small village, lost on the banks of a slowly flowing river. And no matter where a person lives later, he is always drawn to his native places. His parents, friends, relatives live here, his roots are here.

Here are some proverbs that have appeared about the Motherland:

Everyone loves their own side.

Houses and walls help.

Your own land is sweet even in a handful.

The side is the mother, the stranger is the stepmother.

Setting the goal and objectives of the lesson

Guys, where are we now? What is our museum like?

How many of you have been to the museum? - an institution engaged in collecting, studying, storing and exhibiting objects - natural, material and spiritual monuments, as well as educational activities.

At first, this concept denoted a collection of objects () by and, then, with, it also includes where the exhibits are located. Since the 19th century, research work carried out in museums has been added.

There are a lot of museums in the world with a wide variety of themes.

What types of museums are there?

(military, historical, applied arts...local history)

What is the name of our museum?

Ethnographic museum in the form of a peasant hut.

What is ethnography?(Ethnography is a part of historical science that studies ethnic groups and other ethnic formations, their origin (ethnogenesis), composition, settlement, cultural and everyday characteristics, as well as their material and spiritual culture.)

Work on the topic of the lesson

In Russia, rich in forests, all buildings have long been wooden. In the village, the dwelling was called a hut. It is believed that this name comes from an ancient stove: the firebox over time transformed into a firebox, then into an isba, then into a hut.

All the building materials for the hut - long pine logs for the walls, planks, birch bark, shingles - were selected and prepared in advance. Trees were cut down in winter. They didn’t use a saw, only an ax - it seemed to clog the trunk and protect it from damage.

The logs were cleared of bark and recesses - bowls - were made at the ends to hold the logs together more tightly; a row of four logs connected at the ends into a rectangle is called a crown. For convenience, all the crowns were fitted to each other on the ground and only then the frame was erected. The cracks were plugged with moss.

A stove was installed in the hut. She played the main role in the space of the hut. The stove kept everyone warm during the long winters. Old people and young people slept upstairs. Bread was baked in the oven, milk was simmered, and mushrooms were dried.

Opposite the stove corner was the red corner, the brightest and most elegant place in the hut. Images (icons) and a lamp hung here, family meals were held at the table, and the first and last sheaves were placed here during the harvest, wishing well-being to the home.

At first glance, the hut is the most ordinary building. The peasant, building his home, tried to make it durable, warm, and comfortable for life. However, in the construction of the hut one cannot help but see the need for beauty inherent in the Russian people. Therefore, huts are not only monuments of everyday life, but works of architecture and art.

Here there is the same order that is observed in nature, everything is harmonious and perfect. In popular belief, the ceiling was associated with the sky, the floor with the earth, the subfloor personified the underworld, and the windows with light.

It was difficult to imagine a peasant hut without numerous utensils. “Utensils are a set of objects necessary for a person in his everyday life”

Among the tools of labor, the largest part are spinning wheels, which were used for a long time in everyday life, or were preserved as a memory.

What do you think the spinning wheels were used for?

Spinning wheel - an object of folk life, a tool used to spin threads.

A hand-held spinning wheel, consisting of a vertical part where the tow is tied and a horizontal part - the bottom where the spinner sits. The vertical part consisted of a blade (blade) and a neck (leg). The spinning wheel, especially the blade, was often decorated and painted.

Spinning wheel and spinning in sayings

The lazy spinner has no shirt

Like the spinner, like the shirt she wears

The spinning wheel is not God, but He gives you a shirt

You won't be able to weave in winter, there will be nothing to weave in summer

Don't be lazy to spin, you'll dress well

Seven axes lie together, and two spinning wheels apart

Customs with a spinning wheel

The spinning wheel accompanied the girl from birth to marriage. Among the Eastern Slavs, the umbilical cord of a newborn girl was cut on a spinning wheel or spindle; the newborn was handed over to the godmother through a spinning wheel; They put the spinning wheel in the girl's cradle. A personal, signed spinning wheel was not lent, otherwise, as it was believed, there would be a fire or the bees would die. In the Russian North, a guy who wrote his name on a girl’s spinning wheel was obliged to marry her. Usually the groom gave the girl a new spinning wheel, made and decorated with his own hands.

Spinning continued throughout the autumn-winter period, interrupting only for the Christmas holidays.

Student's message about the spinning wheel (Malina Anastasia)

It is impossible to imagine the life of a Russian woman without a spinning wheel, with which she spun wool and provided the whole family with the necessary things (samples of spinning wheels presented in the museum are shown).

An abandoned village, huts drowned in snowdrifts. A dim light glimmers slightly from one window. Let's take a look inside.

In the low light there is a light burning,

A young spinner sits under the window.

Young, beautiful, brown eyes.

A light brown braid extends over the shoulders.

The flickering light of the splinter barely illuminates the seated woman. In front of her is a spinning wheel with a tow, and in her hand is a spindle. Here they are - Russian spinning wheels. In the old days, working people thought that their production and household items should be beautiful. These artistically and tastefully made spinning wheels are evidence of the people's desire for beauty.

The spinning wheel - a tool for hand spinning - consisted of a vertical riser with a blade, to which a tow for spinning was tied, and a bottom - a horizontal seat for the spinner.

Many poets have sung the spinning wheel as the personification of the Russian peasant woman, who, despite her difficult lot, managed to retain her fortitude, love of freedom, kindness, and patience.

Among the many jobs that peasant women performed, spinning and weaving were the most labor-intensive. It took a lot of effort and weaving for the whole family, and even the taxes had to be paid in canvas. So the woman sat at the spinning wheel during the long winter nights. Hand spinning was very slow and unproductive. The most skilled spinner, working from dawn to dusk, could spin about 460 arshins of yarn (about 300 meters) per day. And to get at least 20 arshins of such fabric (about 15 meters), it was necessary to spin at least 20 thousand meters of yarn. To prepare her dowry, a girl must spin and weave from the age of 6-8. In ancient times, weaving began early in the morning before sunrise with a ritual. The craftswoman-weaver, in complete solitude, knelt in front of the red (holy) corner and affectionately, convincingly asked the Mother of God, and earlier, before the Orthodox faith, the goddess Mokosh - the original Slavic muse, the patroness of Slavic women - to help her safely complete the work that was very necessary for her family . Women spun and weaved only in their free time from working in the fields and around the house.

The spinning wheel was not only a tool of labor, but also a work of art: to brighten up hard work, it was decorated with carvings or paintings. Often a spinning wheel was a gift: the groom gave a spinning wheel to the bride, a father to his daughter, a husband to his wife. Everyone wanted to give a gift for joy and surprise. Here the master’s creative imagination had no limits. The spinning wheel became the joy of its owner and was passed down from mother to daughter, from grandmother to granddaughter.

Since time immemorial, people have sculpted various vessels from clay. They learned how to fire pottery. The outside of the pottery was coated with mineral paints and decorated with linear patterns. These were jugs of different shapes and sizes, mugs, cauldrons, bowls.

1) Game

- Let's play a game, I will show you a picture of a modern object, and you will find an analogue of this object among the exhibits.

Loom

A loom is the main weaving machine, equipment or device for the production of all kinds of pile, smooth, woven fabrics and carpets: linen, hemp, cotton, silk, wool, as well as other textile products.

Message from a student (Veronica Yunakovskaya)

Story

The loom has served humanity since ancient times. In some rural houses you can still find manual weaving (and carpet weaving) looms that require painstaking work, diligence and patience. Even on the scale of production, for the production of highly artistic, ornamental and subject carpets (handmade), the same vertical (which is a simple frame with stretched warp threads) and horizontal hand looms are used, known since time immemorial. Otherwise, in our days, weaving A machine is a complex, high-tech and high-performance electronic equipment.

Main types of looms

There are manual, semi-mechanical, mechanical and automated machines. High-performance automatic machines, hydraulic, pneumatic, pneumatic rapier, etc. Based on their design, they distinguish between flat and round machines (used only for the production of special fabrics, such as hose fabrics). The machines can be narrow (produce fabric up to 100 cm wide) and wide, designed for light, medium and heavy fabrics. There are machines for fabrics with simple weaves (eccentric), for finely patterned fabrics (carriage) and for fabrics with large, complex patterns (jacquard).

2) Group assignments

- Let's complete tasks in groups

Group 1 - find and describe the object - jug

Group 2 - find and describe the object - iron

Group 1 - find and describe the object - trough

Group 2 – find and describe the object - sofa

Samovar

A samovar is a device for boiling water and making tea. Initially, the water was heated by an internal firebox, which was a tall tube filled with charcoal. Later, other types of samovars appeared - kerosene, electric, etc. Currently, they are almost universally replaced by electric kettles and kettles for stoves.

Message from a student (Natalia Zhilyaeva)

The samovar is, in some way, a sign of Russian identity.

There is a legend according to which Peter I brought the samovar to Russia from Holland, but in reality samovars appeared half a century after the death of Tsar Peter. Initially in Russia, the samovar began to be made in the Urals. The following is known about the appearance of the first documented samovars in Russia (in Tula). In 1778, on Shtykova Street, in Zarechye, brothers Ivan and Nazar Lisitsyn made a samovar in a small, initially, first samovar establishment in the city. The founder of this institution was their father, Fyodor Lisitsyn, who, in his free time from working at the arms factory, built his own workshop and practiced copper work in it.

Already in 1803, four Tula tradesmen, seven gunsmiths, two coachmen, and 13 peasants were working for them. There are 26 people in total. This is already a factory, and its capital is 3,000 rubles, its income is up to 1,500 rubles. The factory passed to Nazar's son Nikita Lisitsyn in 1823.

In the first half of the 19th century, they began to produce products from silver substitutes, which found mass sales in the circles of the middle-income urban population - the bourgeoisie, bureaucrats, various intelligentsia, and in the families of the nobility.

By the 1840s, the fashion for the so-called “second Rococo” came to Russia, which was characterized by rich, lush ornamentation. The base, handles, top of the body and edges are decorated with borders of stylized intricate floral curls and flowers. The samovar has a double tray, which is also very elegantly decorated.

By the end of the 19th century, the shapes of samovars became more massive. heavy, often rough.

3) Group task

- Now let’s complete the task in groups, connecting modern objects and “great-great-ancestors” into pairs with a line.

Imagine, guys, a Russian hut a hundred years ago. If we entered it, we could admire the lavishly decorated household items and elegant costumes. And of course, in the most conspicuous place, a rukoter, a towel, a wiping machine, a wiping machine were blazing with a hot pattern - all this is the name of one of the household items.

What are we talking about?

Of course, about the towel

The length of the towels was from 2 to 4 meters, the width corresponded to the width of the loom. This is usually 36 - 38 cm. A towel was used to decorate the red corner, where icons stood on a shelf-shrine and a lamp glowed. Heat-filled towels were hung on the walls, on photographs of relatives, on mirrors. At the washstand there was also a towel-wiping cloth embroidered with flowers, birds and other subjects.

4) Riddles about objects of Russian everyday life.

It may melt, but not the ice

It's not a lantern, but it gives light.(candle)

Grandma has a safe

It's not new for a long time,

Plus it's not steel at all.

And oak.

He stands modestly in her corner.

In it the grandmother keeps dressing gowns, socks,

Cuttings for the dress, a little yarn,

A downy handkerchief and even a pension.

But not the door, but the lid on it

Very heavy with a padlock.(box)

Glass bubble house,

And a light lives in it.

During the day he sleeps

And when he wakes up -

It will light up with a bright flame.(lamp)

Before lunch in the heat of the moment

Will work from the shoulder-

And in the end, be healthy

It will break so much wood.(axe)

Who's horned in the hut?(grab)

The box is dancing on my knees -

Sometimes he sings, sometimes he cries loudly.(harmonic)

The black horse jumps into the fire.(poker)

He's a tall and strong guy,

Swallows wood chips without difficulty.

The whole family in the evening

He treats you to tea.(samovar)

Four brothers

They stand under the same hat.(Table)

There is a back

But it doesn’t lie

Four legs,

But he doesn’t walk

But it's always worth it

And he orders everyone to sit.(Chair)

The steamer is coming -

Back and forth

And behind him there is such a smooth surface -

Not a wrinkle to be seen.(Iron)

5) Completing the task

- Let's complete the task - find the oldest object in the picture and cross it out

6) Music from Russian fairy tales

Guys, in what fairy tales are the objects that are in our museum found? (music from fairy tales sounds)

Lesson summary (reflection)

Guys, did you like our lesson today? What did you like most? What conclusion can we draw?

Complete the task “What level am I at?”

Presentation of medals

The more we value the past.

And we find beauty in the old,

At least we belong to something new.

(nomination “Best excursions”)

Work completed:

11th grade student Elena Tokar

E-mail bezimeno @yandex.ru

Tel. (8-261) 4-77-93

309381 Belgorod region

Grayvoronsky district

With. Bezymeno, st. Oktyabrskaya 77-a

Head: Berezovskaya O.Yu.

2012

Museum excursion script

Guests have come to us, dear ones have come;

It was not in vain that we brewed kvass and baked a loaf;

Try our bread and salt.

Russian hut.

Most people naturally associate the word “izba” with the word “village”. This association is correct. In the past, a “hut” was always a name for a dwelling located in a rural area: village, hamlet, settlement, hamlet. A dwelling of the same type, but built within the city limits, was called a “house”.

Since ancient times, Russian settlements arose along the banks of rivers, streams, lakes, along postal routes connecting large trade and craft cities, in the center of arable and hayfields. Villages, as a rule, were located close to each other, gravitating towards one center - a village that had a church, parish school, shops, and administrative buildings. Peasant huts were built in one or two rows - “orders” - along a road, river or lake, closely huddled together. The villages did not have a clear layout: the estates in them were surrounded by fences, the entrance gates of which were always closed at night.

Huts in old Russia were usually built, or, according to popular etymology, cut from wood. Brick houses were very rare in rural areas, mainly in the southern treeless regions of the European part of the country, as well as in villages located near large cities.

The construction of a house for a peasant was a significant event. At the same time, it was important for him not only to solve a purely practical problem - to provide a roof over his head for himself and his family, but also to organize the living space so that it was filled with the blessings of life, warmth, love, peace.

When building a new house, great importance was attached to the choice of location. Naturally, they proceeded from practical considerations: the place should be dry, high, bright - and at the same time, they took into account its ritual value: it should be happy. A lived-in place was considered happy, that is, a place that had stood the test of time, a place where people lived in complete prosperity. The place where people were previously buried, and where there was a road or a bathhouse, was unsuitable for construction.

Russian stove

And now I want to ask you a riddle: “What can’t you get out of the hut?” Of course, we are talking about the oven.

Life in the hut was in full swing around the stove. It served as a source of heat and light. The Russian stove is a type of oven in which the fire is lit inside the stove. The smoke comes out through the mouth-hole into which the fuel is placed, or through a specially designed chimney.

In the traditional mind, the stove was an integral part of the home. According to popular beliefs, behind the stove or under it lives a brownie, the patron of the hearth, kind and helpful in some situations, capricious or even dangerous in others.

Red corner (BIG CORNER, FRONT CORNER, HOLY CORNER)

The front part of a peasant hut. The red corner, like the stove, was an important landmark in the interior space of the hut.

Our red corner is not located according to the rules simply because our museum does not have the place where it should be.

The red corner is the space enclosed between the wall with the door in the hallway and the side wall. The stove was located in the depths of the hut, diagonally from the red corner. The red corner was well lit because both of its constituent walls had windows. The main decoration of the red corner is a shrine with icons and a lamp, which is why it is also called “holy”.

As a rule, in the red corner, in addition to the shrine, there is a table. In the red corner, next to the table, two benches meet, and on top, above the shrine, there are two shelves; hence the name of the corner of the “day” (the place where the elements of home decoration meet and connect). All significant events of family life were noted in the red corner. Here, both everyday meals and festive feasts took place at the table, and many calendar rituals took place. In the wedding ceremony, the matchmaking of the bride, her ransom from her girlfriends and brother took place in the red corner; from the red corner, which is why at home she was taken to the church for the wedding, brought to the groom’s house and also taken to the red corner.

During the harvest, the first and last compressed sheaf was solemnly carried from the field to the house and placed in the red corner. The preservation of the first and last ears of the harvest, endowed, according to popular beliefs, with magical powers, promised well-being in the family, home, and entire household.

In the red corner, daily prayers were performed, from which any important undertaking began. The red corner is the most honorable place in the house. According to traditional etiquette, a person who came to a hut could only go there at the special invitation of the owners. They tried to keep the red corner clean and elegantly decorated. The very name of the angle “red” means “beautiful”, “good”, “light”. It was decorated with embroidered towels, popular prints, and postcards. It was a widespread custom among Russians everywhere that when laying a house, they placed money under the lower crown in all corners, and a larger coin was placed under the red corner. Often, incense was placed at the red corner, money was placed in the millstone corner opposite the mouth of the stove, wool (a symbol of wealth and fertility) was placed in the back corner at the entrance, and nothing was placed where the stove was placed, since this corner, according to popular belief, representations, was intended for the brownie.

In many places in Russia, the red corner was also called “big” or “front”.

Female and male corners (or “kut”) - opposite the stove brow.

The women's corner occupies a special place in the hut. This is the brightest part of the house. There is a loom there (in our museum we have individual parts of the loom on display), spinning wheels, and on long winter evenings the women wove linen and wove rugs. Basically, clothes were made from homespun fabric, which was dyed in different colors and covered with embroidery. We have several towels from the beginning of the century. The museum displays festive women's shirts, embroidered belts and poneva.

First of all, I would like to draw your attention to the spinning wheel. A spinning wheel is a tool for spinning, it differed in: a blade or paddle, a relatively wide upper part for tying a tow, a more or less high leg and a bottom with which the spinning wheel was placed on the bench and on which the spinner sat, pressing the spinning wheel with the weight of her body. Spinning wheels were richly decorated with carvings and paintings, richly decorated spinning wheels served as decoration for the hut, grooms gave them to their brides, and they were passed down from mother to daughter.

The next item in our exhibition is the spindle. A spindle is a spinning device.

Winders. Yarn was wound on them, half-spools were made, which were then washed and dyed.

Valki - with their help, women beat out laundry on the river.

Rubel - with the help of this object, peasant women smoothed dampened linen canvases. These items are decorated with carvings.

Later, irons appeared; they had to be heated on a stove or put coal in them.

There was also a men's corner in the hut, where various tools, saws, planes were stored, and here the owner wove bast shoes, sewed shoes, and fitted lasts. The men's corner, or “konik,” is at the entrance. Zakut - behind the stove.

Dishes. In everyday life, clay jugs, jars, and cast iron were used. Wooden spoons were used when eating. The material for making the dishes was chosen wisely. It was known that water and milk would remain cold for a long time in ceramic jars. It is better to stew food in cast iron. Water was kept in a wooden lagoon. They salted vegetables and fermented cabbage in wooden tubs. And with the help of this device they made starch.

And now, dear guests, I will ask you a riddle:

“The fat guy is worth it

With the barrel akimbo,

Hisses and boils

He orders everyone to drink tea.”

Right! This is a handsome Russian samovar. The presence of a samovar in a peasant family indicated prosperity. They were proud of the samovar and put it on display. When selling property, for non-payment of taxes, the samovar was first sold.

The time of the appearance of samovars is unknown, but in the 18th century they were already used in the Urals. The most famous are Tula samovars. Samovars were produced by hand from copper, brass or tombac, and sometimes from silver.

Millstones occupied a special place in the hut; they were used to grind flour. And this is a mortar and pestle.

All things were stored in chests. Large chests were placed near the stove and used instead of a bed.

Next, I would like to draw your attention to the children's corner. It is primarily presented as unsteady. Zybka is a peasant children's cradle. It was made from bast, tied to a fence and “swayed” (hence the name).

According to popular beliefs, a child will have bad dreams, he will stop growing, or he may be replaced by evil spirits if he looks in the mirror.

A talisman doll is also presented here. The doll has long been the favorite toy of children in the Russian village. As you can see, the face of this doll was not depicted, this meant that the doll was an inanimate thing and evil spirits could not possess it.

And now I ask you to go to class where you and I will make such a doll - a talisman.

Developer: Natalya Anatolyevna Putilina – history teacher, museum director
familiarizing students with the history of their native land;
the desire to preserve and enhance the history of the village.

Tasks:
to give knowledge that the local history museum is a genuine monument, the spiritual culture of our village;
expand and deepen students’ knowledge about the history of their native village;
develop curiosity, attentiveness, observation.

Meeting with the guide
1 student:
Hills, copses,
Meadows and fields -

Native, green
Our land.
The land where I made
Your first step
Where did you once come out?
To the fork in the road.
And I realized what it was
Expanse of fields -
A piece of the great
My fatherland.

I would like to start our tour with the history of our native village. The village of Petrovskoye was founded in 1930, named after the landowner Petrov who lived here. Now there are several villages on the territory of the village council: Petrovskoye, Podgornoye, Zernovoe and Rodnikovoe.

I embroidered, my mother gave me a towel,
Snow-white, luckily it was woven
I embroidered on fine days
Multi-colored thin threads.