The village of Dostoevsky's gift. Free - Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

Moscow estate The gift will not surprise its guests with either master's palaces or luxurious interiors. Crowned persons did not stay here, and balls did not thunder throughout the area. So what is known and remarkable about this amazing in its modesty Noble Nest? The fact is that it was here that the great Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky spent his childhood.

What impressions did the Darovoe estate make on the future writer? When did he stay here? Were there places in this estate that Dostoevsky admired? What happened to the estate after the revolution? And in what state is the Free Gift now? And why does this estate have enormous development prospects?

Have you been to Darovoe? What impressions did this estate make on you? What sights associated with the name of Dostoevsky are you familiar with?

The history of the village of Darovoye begins long before the birth of Dostoevsky. Even in the Scribe books of the 16th century, the settlement is mentioned as the possession of Sumarok Grigorievich Khotyaintsev. Judging by the surviving documents of the 18th century, Darovoye was a landowner's courtyard with a small main house and outbuildings. Most likely, there was a barnyard, stable, and carriage house located here. Parallel to the master's part there were peasant houses.

3. The estate is located in the Zaraisky district of the Moscow region.

The Khotyaintsevs were wealthy people, and they arranged their estates with great taste. Experts note that the park space in Darovo was created by a talented garden architect who understood what a pearl of the complex the linden grove would become decades later.

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6. The Dostoevskys spent spring and summer in Darovoe. In the fall, when the harvest was harvested, the family returned to Moscow to their usual way of life.

In 1831, the estate was bought by Moscow doctor Mikhail Andreevich Dostoevsky. He and his wife Maria Fedorovna raised seven children - four boys and three girls. Parents understood how important it was for children Fresh air, so the question is with the purchase country residence The Dostoevskys decided without much thought.

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However, the joy of the acquisition was overshadowed by a fire that spared neither the master's nor the peasants' houses. Only one hut survived - a small wicker outbuilding, where Maria Fedorovna and her children later came.

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The village, which had 11 houses, was completely burned out. People huddled in the cellars of their houses and built huts. The Dostoevskys did not leave their people in trouble. Arriving at the ashes, Maria Fedorovna gave each affected family 50 rubles. This was enough to rebuild the village before the cold weather.

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13. In Darovo, the natural-historical landscape has been preserved in the form in which F. M. Dostoevsky loved it and forever remembered it.

The family did not pursue luxury and instead of a large manor house built a modest wooden outbuilding. As a rule, the Dostoevskys came to Darovoye for the whole summer. Due to Mikhail Andreevich’s busy schedule, the responsibilities of running the household fell on the shoulders of his wife.

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It must be admitted that Maria Feodorovna did an excellent job with housekeeping: she quickly found mutual language with simple peasants and noble neighbors. Even the Khotyaintsevs, who at that time owned an estate in neighboring Monogarovo and had property disputes with the Dostoevskys, often invited Maria Feodorovna for refreshments after church services.

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The owner of the estate usually came here in April with her younger children; at the beginning of summer, her eldest sons, Mikhail and Fedor, also came to the village. Occasionally, when hospital service allowed, Mikhail Andreevich visited the family.

In the absence of her husband, Maria Fedorovna did not waste time. The landowner began to improve the estate. By her order, a pond was dug in the hollow in which the stream flowed. It filled up quickly clean water: The peasants could now water their cattle here, and the workers set up a bathhouse for the children. Mikhail Andreevich sent a barrel of crucian carp from Moscow for breeding.

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24. Next to the estate there was a linden grove and Orchard, which suffered greatly after the revolution in the 20th century.

Parents encouraged their children to practice moderation in fishing, allowing them to catch no more than one or two fish at a time. There was enough fish for everyone: the neighbors, the peasants, and the Dostoevskys themselves. It must be admitted that the pond transformed the appearance of the estate. Nowadays, in memory of Maria Feodorovna, they nicknamed it “mama’s pond.”

27. The outbuilding is the only manor building in Darovoe that has survived to this day.

The family idyll with relaxation by the pond and walks along linden alleys quickly ended. In the fall of 1836, Maria Feodorovna became seriously ill. Alas, neither the husband nor his colleagues could help the woman. She died out within six months: in January 1937, the mother of seven children died. My wife's death became too much with a strong blow for Mikhail Andreevich. He left his job at the hospital and moved to Darovoye.

29. After the revolution in the main wing in different years the first Dostoevsky museum, library and nursery were located.

All-consuming grief, the need that the inexperienced landowner constantly fell into, the need to take care of seven children, day after day, drove the once happy father of the family into a corner. Dostoevsky the elder became harsh, hot-tempered, and ruined relations with the peasants and surrounding landowners. Mikhail Andreevich tried to manage business, but it was difficult for him.

31. Darovoye is a museum under open air. Here you can wander around the “Fedina Grove” and sit on the shore of the “Memenka Pond”.

In 1939, the landowner died under unclear circumstances. According to one version, Mikhail Andreevich went to neighboring village Cheremoshnya (it also belonged to the Dostoevskys) to understand the conflict between the peasants. The men and the landowner quarreled. Nobody knows what happened, but on the way home Dostoevsky felt ill and died before reaching Darovoy. Investigators looked into the death of the landowner, but they failed to prove the criminal component of the case.

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After the death of the father, the estate was divided among the children. When all the heirs reached adulthood, Darovoye and Cheremoshnya were bought by the family of Vera Mikhailovna Dostoevskaya, married to Ivanova.

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The appearance of the estate changed during Vera Mikhailovna’s life and after her death in 1896. New residential and commercial buildings appeared here. One of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky’s nieces, Maria, who moved to Darovoye in 1918, made every effort to create a house-museum of her famous uncle. She became the first curator of the museum and zealously defended the estate from the peasants, whom the revolution allowed to get close to the landowner's property.

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After the death of Maria Alexandrovna in 1929, all the furnishings of the house, which had historical value, were transported to Moscow, to the museum on Bozhedomka. New times have come for Darovoy.

40. In 1974, the estate received the status of an object cultural heritage federal significance.

In the same year, Darovoe received the status of a branch of the Moscow Dostoevsky Museum. True, this did not stop the local collective farm from opening a nursery in the outbuilding that once belonged to the Dostoevskys. Over time, the nursery was replaced by a library, which existed in Darovo until the 70s of the 20th century. At that time, the estate received the status of a cultural heritage site of federal significance.

41. In 2014, the estate experienced another fire: property and houses in the volunteer camp set up in Darovoy burned down.

Old-timers claim that in the 80s the outbuilding was abandoned and forgotten by everyone. The estate acquired museum status only in 1990; the authorities decided to open a branch of the Zaraisk Historical and Art Museum in Darovoy. Three years later, the exhibition “The Dostoevsky Family and Darovoe” was placed in the outbuilding, and in 1993 a monument to Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was erected in the estate.

Today the estate is open to everyone. You can visit the cradle of the great writer’s creativity as part of an excursion from the Zaraisky Kremlin Museum. The situation should change radically in 2021. The Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region announced large restoration work that will take place in the estate on the 200th anniversary of the birth of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Perhaps soon life will begin to boil in Darovoye again, and all fans of the great writer will be able to see the estate in all its glory.

Tours of the estates on the website

In the village of Darovoye, Zaraisky district, Moscow region, there is an estate where the famous Russian writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky spent the summer months from 1832 to 1836.

Getting to the estate is not difficult: you leave Zaraysk along the Zarays - Serebryannye Prudy highway and after 10 km turn right..

In 2 km there will be locality Monogarova, in the center of which you will see a sign to the village of Darovoye (to the left)...

After driving another 1 km you will come across a parking lot....

In this crowded place, you can safely leave your car and start walking through protected areas... (Just in case, the parking coordinates are as follows: N 54.687779, E 38.740567)

If to the right of the parking lot you see a monument to Dostoevsky (erected at the expense of Russian citizen B.V. Pisarev in 1993), then you have made a correct calculation and are in the right place...

We looked at the monument, but it’s not clear where to go next....

There are no signs at all, and paths diverge from the monument in different directions....

Let's go along one of them...

To prevent you from going astray, there are pegs driven in along the edges of the path....

After some time, a clearing appeared among the thickets....

We go into the light and enter the territory of an abandoned garden with fruit and berry plants...

Here the path turns left (it is not in the garden) and again leads us into the forest...

After 100 meters we come out onto a field... Finding no traces of the estate here, we return to the path again,

which continues its winding path through the forest thickets....

About 10 minutes later we found ourselves at the monument again... The circle is closed...

There is nothing left to do but go out onto the road and move along it in search of the estate...

She didn’t have to wait long.... About 150...200 meters from the parking lot, among the dense branches of perennial trees, a green house is barely visible...

It turns out that this is the Dostoevsky estate.... (due to such a disguise, we did not notice it when we drove through the village)

As follows from the information board, the estate is hosting an exhibition “In the Dostoevsky Family and Estate.” To visit it you need to purchase entry tickets, which are sold at the box office located.... on the territory of the Zaraisk Kremlin.... So, if you haven’t stocked up on them, run to the car and forward to Zaraysk....

However, don’t rush to do this.... First, look at the front door of the museum-estate... At the time of our visit, and it was an ordinary day (not Monday or Sunday), and it didn’t seem to be lunchtime, there was a large barn castle hanging. ...

Therefore, all that remained for us was to admire the architectural and historical values ​​from the outside....

The memorial plaque nevertheless confirms that this particular house is associated with F.M. Dostoevsky...

This picturesque corner of the Moscow region (in those days Tula province) was acquired by the writer’s father in 1831...

Two years later, the Dostoevskys' possessions expanded: the neighboring Cheremoshnya estate was bought out, and from that moment on, the Dostoevskys became the owners of 500 acres of land and 100 souls of serfs...

According to one version, the latter (i.e. serfs) killed father F, M, Dostoevsky in 1839 (during a wave of serf unrest, which at that time swept throughout central Russia). Before this, in 1837, the writer’s mother died of consumption....

If you believe historians, then in these places F.M.

From the writer’s memoirs it follows that he really enjoyed vacationing here as a child. In addition, Dostoevsky quite often spoke about the significance of the aesthetic impact of nature on the human soul (obviously meaning the surroundings of the estate with its parks, gardens and forests....)

After the death of his parents, the estate was inherited first to younger brother F.M. Dostoevsky - to Andrei Mikhailovich, and after his death - to his children... Until 1929, the heirs of the Dostoevskys lived in Darovo (the last was the writer’s niece Maria Alexandrovna Ivanova)....

When no members of the Dostoevsky family were left alive, a library was organized in the house. At the same time, everything that was connected with the name of the writer was taken to the Moscow Dostoevsky Museum...

In 1955, the F.M. room was organized.

Dostoevsky, in which one could see copies of materials from the Moscow office...

In 1974, the Darovoye estate received the status of a republican museum, and in 1990 it became a branch of the Zaraisk Historical and Art Museum...

After walking around the house for a while, admiring the fields and

and an overgrown park, we are returning to the parking lot... All this time our car was guarded by himself great writer

... (It’s not really clear why this monument was installed not near the house-museum, but somewhere on the outskirts)

We were on a tour. There's really nothing to see. And the story goes something like this: These are the oak trees that little Fedya Dostoevsky saw. And here he and other children were building a hut))) The house is empty, except for a few photographs. I completely agree that it will be of interest only to fans of the work of F.M. Dostoevsky.

Only for fans of the writer. Of all that you can see, a monument and a house. At the same time, the house is completely new and bare inside. There are zero items, only a meager number of old photographs. Well, nature, but you can see it anywhere.
Interesting, modest, quiet place..... Not well-kept - YES.., but where does the well-groomed place come from?? " play" the piano, and climb into the hollow of a burnt tree!!!

A small outbuilding has been preserved from the estate, in which a modest exhibition is organized - there are practically no original things. The territory is very picturesque, but not particularly well-groomed; there is a section of forest with three-hundred-year-old oak trees, the remains of a boundary wall (property boundaries). Educational excursion and a fine autumn day together left a favorable impression.

Order an excursion to the house - museum of F.M. Dostoevsky to Darovoye ONLY THROUGH THE HEAD MUSEUM "ZARAYSK KREMLIN", where you need to take a guide and phone keys with you. 8-49666-25734.
All historical data is confirmed by documents and memoirs of the writer. The museum, along with the children's Pushkin Vyazemy and Zakharovo, gives an idea of ​​how and on what soil talents grow. The oak grove is especially majestic.

Epikur2 ★★★★★

(4-05-2009)

We visited on May 2, the museum was not open. We were mentally prepared for this and were not upset. The monument is really very good, and the oak trees in Fedina Grove are simply irresistible! The impressions are the best, we recommend planning a “lunch stop” here or simply taking more time to leisurely wander through the grove. The oldest oak trees are on the left edge (as seen from the monument).

Tatyana ★★★☆☆

(24-05-2005)

I visited the house of Dostoevsky’s parents in May 2005. The "estate" itself is a small, inconspicuous wooden house with two rooms with almost nothing in them. The house was once dismantled and reassembled already in Soviet time seems to be from the same boards, so special historical value, as I understand it, does not represent. But this is the only real estate associated with the great writer: neither he nor his parents owned anything else. The house is located in the small village of Darovoye (about 12 km south of Zaraysk, on the road to Kashira, turn to the village... continuation src="/jpg/plus.gif">

Monogarovo). In the village there is an abandoned church, near which Dostoevsky’s father, who died in Darovoe, is possibly buried (the grave has not been found). Everything rests on local residents and the staff of the Zaraysk Museum, who talk very interestingly about Dostoevsky’s parents and childhood. All around beautiful nature, open spaces, not crowded. Very good monument Dostoevsky near a grove called “Fedina Roshcha”, where 500-year-old oak trees have been preserved. In the house itself there are only photographs of Dostoevsky’s relatives and parents, vintage photographs, copies of letters, stove and everything. No furniture, no exhibits. It evokes sadness and pity for the great world-famous philosopher, in whose memory nothing has been properly preserved. I would recommend this trip for fans and connoisseurs of Dostoevsky’s work and personality.

In the fate of F. M. Dostoevsky, Gift (now Zaraisky district Moscow region) played a significant role. In his decision to purchase a small village and a landowner's estate, the father of the future writer, a doctor at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, was guided by pragmatic considerations. Three rooms in the wing of the hospital, where the doctor’s large family lived, and the hospital garden for festivities - this is the enclosed space in which little Fedya and his brothers and sisters spent their childhood. My father understood: city children need space and freedom, at least for the summer months. There was probably hope for some income from the estate, since the salary of a doctor at a hospital for the poor is small, and private practice is an unstable source.

One can imagine the delight of the older Dostoevsky brothers - Mikhail, Fyodor, Andrei, who found themselves in the village for the first time. Purchased from the previous owners, landowners, the estate consisted of a manor house, people's quarters, outbuildings(barnyard, stables, carriage house), several peasant farmsteads, but, most importantly, there was amazing nature here. Picturesque fields intersected by ravines, birch forests and (a true miracle!) shady manor park, lined with oak trees along the boundary shaft, a vast and deep hollow with a stream flowing along its bottom - the future estate. A mile from Darovoe there is a village belonging to the Khotyaintsevs, where there is a tower built in the 18th century. The rural church is another bright memory of Fyodor Mikhailovich’s childhood. Soon the parents acquired a village one and a half miles from Darovoy. Another route has appeared for evening walks. Games with village children summer reading(in one vacation - all of Walter Scott!), fishing, getting to know peasant labor, recognition folk character, natural life in harmony with nature - nothing was in vain for the future great writer.

However, the Gift for Dostoevsky is something more than the usual estate childhood of many Russian writers. It is no coincidence that he confessed: “This small and unremarkable place left a deep and strong impression on me for the rest of my life...” Here for him “everything is full... of the most precious memories.” The free gift is the source of those impressions that formed art world writer, played a saving role in their time and gave impetus to the creation of a pinnacle work. Getting started on last novel, Dostoevsky turns to his childhood gift memories with confidence: “a person cannot live without the holy and precious, carried into life from the memories of childhood... These memories may even be difficult, bitter, but the suffering experienced can later turn into a shrine for souls." The gift gave Dostoevsky a saving memory of maternal tenderness - and a tragic memory of the death of the unfortunate man. Without one memory, Dostoevsky would have returned from hard labor a different person, without the other there would be no “The Brothers Karamazov”. And we, the readers, cannot fully understand Dostoevsky without Darovoy.

1. I think I won’t be mistaken if I say that Darovoe is the most little-known and rarely visited museum-estate in the Moscow region. The village is located approximately 170 km from Moscow and 70 km from Kolomna; a bus from Zaraysk stops at the nearest stop several times a day.

2. 500 meters north of the bus, in the neighboring village of Monogarovo, near the walls of the Spiritual Church, the grave of the writer’s father, Mikhail Andreevich, has been preserved. The circumstances of his death in 1839 were initially ambiguous (allegedly, he was killed in the field by his own peasants in response to cruel treatment), but now it is completely difficult to say anything definite about them. Probably, after all, he died from a blow, and the version of the murder was promoted by Monogar’s neighbor-landowner.

3. The estate museum is located at the far end of the village of Darovoye, about a kilometer from the road. Behind the estate there is a small parking lot, from which there is a view of the monument to Fyodor Mikhailovich, created by Ivanov in 1993. To the right, a green manor outbuilding is visible in the distance.

4. In 1831, the writer’s parents purchased a small estate, Darovoye. Almost immediately, the estate and village burned down, only a small “mud hut” was preserved, where the family spent the first year. Through the efforts of the mother, Maria Fedorovna, the village was restored and an outbuilding was built, which became home to two generations of the Dostoevsky family and has survived to this day. Fedya Dostoevsky spent every summer here from the age of 9 to 15. In 1837, after the sudden death of their mother, the father and children were forced to move to Darovoye permanently, while the eldest sons - Mikhail and Fedor - were sent to study in St. Petersburg. The next time Fyodor Mikhailovich will visit Darovoe only forty years later.

5. Archaeological excavations At the site of the estate, the foundation of a mud hut located next door was also discovered.

6. The outbuilding consisted of a living room and a human room, separated by a Dutch oven. Now there is a small exhibition in the rooms, dedicated to family writer. There are temporary exhibitions.

7. To the west of the outbuilding, a medium-sized manor park begins. Since it was favorite place Fedora, then it received the name Fedina Grove.

8. There is a circular path through the park, reaching the Uina River and the “Mama’s Pond”.

9. Life is everywhere.

10. The oldest linden trees in the park are about 250 years old. The museum tries to preserve them whenever possible, conducting botanical examinations and sanitary trimmings.

11. The trail is not that long, but the benches are still very useful.

12. The Losk tract, the most painful place in the grove. This is the very field on which the action of the story “The Peasant Marey” takes place, in which Fyodor Mikhailovich, already in hard labor, suddenly remembers himself at nine years old:
"...Suddenly, in the midst of deep silence, I clearly and distinctly heard a cry: “The wolf is running!” I screamed and, beside myself with fright, screaming out loud, ran out into the clearing, straight into the plowing man.
It was our man Marey. I don’t know if there is such a name, but everyone called him Marey - a man of about fifty, stocky, quite tall, with strong gray streaks in his dark blond hair. thick beard. I knew him, but before that it had almost never happened to me to speak to him. He even stopped the little filly when he heard my cry, and when I ran up and grabbed his plow with one hand and his sleeve with the other, he saw my fear.
- The wolf is running! - I shouted, gasping for breath.
He raised his head and involuntarily looked around, for a moment almost believing me.
- Where is the wolf?
“He shouted... Someone shouted now: “The wolf is running”... - I stammered.
- What are you, what are you, what kind of wolf, I imagined; see! What kind of wolf would there be? - he muttered, encouraging me. But I was shaking all over and clung even tighter to his zipun and must have been very pale. He looked at me with a worried smile, apparently afraid and worried about me.
- Look, you’re scared, ah-ah! - he shook his head. - That's enough, dear. Oh boy, oh!
He reached out his hand and suddenly stroked my cheek.
- Well, that’s enough, well, Christ is with you, take a break. - But I was not baptized; the corners of my lips trembled, and it seemed that this especially struck him. He quietly extended his thick, black-nailed, soil-stained finger and quietly touched my jumping lips.
“Look, ah,” he smiled at me with a kind of maternal and long smile, “Lord, what is this, look, ah, ah!”
I finally realized that there was no wolf and that the cry: “The wolf is running” was an illusion.
...
“Well, I’ll go,” I said, looking at him questioningly and timidly.
- Well, go ahead, and I’ll take a look after you. I won't give you to the wolf! - he added, still smiling at me motherly, - well, Christ is with you, well, go, - and he crossed me with his hand and crossed himself. I walked, looking back almost every ten steps. Marey, while I was walking, still stood with his little filly and looked after me, nodding his head at me every time I looked back..."

How to get from Moscow?
By car (~170 km): along Novaya Kashirka - with a turn to Kashira, Ozherelye and beyond Bogatishchev to Zhuravna; along the Ryazan highway - with a turn in Lukhovitsy to Zaraysk, from Zaraysk exit towards Serebryanye Prudy, after about 10 km turn right to Monogarovo.
By bus: bus. 330 from the Kotelniki metro station to Zaraysk, then bus. 35 to the stop. "Gift." Both routes are rarely used, it is absolutely important to find out in advance so as not to stay overnight in the fields of Zaraisk (now, having left Kotelniki at 9:30, you can end up in Monogarovo at 12:30). You can also get to Zaraysk by bus from Kolomna or Ryazan. Another exotic path (perhaps more convenient for some): auth. 35 (3 times a day) from Serebryanye Prudy (which, in turn, can be reached by bus 491 or by train with a transfer in Uzunov).

At the Zaraysk Museum you can book a tour of Darovoy. You can hope for luck, and if there is someone in the outbuilding (volunteers work in the estate), listen short story about the writer, the estate and the surrounding area.