Media culture plays a leading role in the formation, spread and diversity of youth subcultures. In addition, media culture itself directly gives rise to new, previously unknown and even impossible varieties of youth subcultures. And modern youth subcultures of the 21st century are no longer so oppressive. We are talking about so-called gamers, hackers, bloggers and scum. At first glance, these groups can hardly be called subcultures: they do not have such expressive external signs and behavior as hippies, punks, goths, emo or skinheads, etc. Zapesotsky A. S., Fain A. P. “This is an incomprehensible youth...: problems informal youth associations" - M: Profizdat, 1990. But the absence of external manifestations in cyber subcultures does not prevent us from seeing precisely modern, new youth subcultures in these social layers. Representatives of cyber subcultures do not have the same ideological orientation as skinheads and goths, but a behavioral orientation towards virtuality, mediated by multimedia technologies, to a greater or lesser extent means a departure from real life, a tendency towards self-realization not in a traditional form, but with the help of slang language , specific interests, isolation of oneself, a group of like-minded people from the public, certain status relations, etc., pointing to them precisely as a subculture. Cyber subcultures, accordingly, have characteristic features. First of all, this is multimedia competence. These groups are precisely leisure subcultures. Let us at least remember rockers and bikers, whose representatives in life can engage in activities usual for society, but in their free time, at leisure. They profess different values and realize interests and ideas that differ from traditional ones.
Likewise, for example, bloggers or hackers: in real life they can do ordinary things, but assert themselves, declare and implement their ideas through Internet technologies - in virtual reality. And here it is appropriate to recall the next sign of cyber subcultures - the inconsistency of their manifestation. It can be stated that the subcultures of youth at the beginning of the third millennium differ significantly from the subcultures of the second half of the 20th century. And not only in form, functions, ideas and goals, but also in the method of education, determined by the means of mass communication, which at different times influenced their appearance in different ways.
Summarizing all that has been said, we can say that media culture - as a natural result of the development of the general culture of mankind, mediated by the technical development of mass communications, in a broad sense covers the production and consumption of media products and is closely connected with mass culture through its value system - forms, supports the existence and gives rise to new subcultures, and youth subcultures in particular. Along with the social and psychological reasons that determine the emergence and spread of youth mini-societies, media culture plays a very important role, which is to disseminate information about the emergence of informal youth movements. To summarize, we can say that media culture, as a social phenomenon of information production and consumption, significantly influences the formation of youth subcultures.
Introduction
From century to century, problems always appeared along the way for a person, which he solved as he grew physically and intellectually. Man has always solved problems to improve his home, comfort, work and financial savings. But one problem remains unsolved to this day. This problem was also described by Turgenev I.S. in his work “Fathers and Sons”. In our wonderful, communicative age, this problem also does not find a solution. It often occurs because children grow up, as it seems to them, and they have new friends and hobbies that their parents do not understand. And then they look for their supporters, like-minded people, forming into certain groups. This is how subcultures appear, in which their values are defined and names are given. Teenagers also determine their style of communication and behavior, and try to imitate it.
The purpose of the class hour:
Identify the reasons for the emergence of subcultures.
To acquaint students with the features of youth subculture, trends, traditions;.
Form and develop moral values.
Class hour
Topic: Subcultures. Problems of modern youth.
Hello, I want to start our class hour.Over the course of every decade, new subcultures appeared or were revived.This phenomenon has not escaped our country either. Today we will talk about subcultures of the 21st century. But first I would like to ask the question, what is a subculture?
Subculture – it is part of a common culture, value system, customs, and traditions inherent in a large social group. In each country, the formation took place for different reasons and circumstances. All subcultures were not formed out of nowhere, but had their own reasons for their emergence.
Causes:
social injustice.
crisis of society and family.
bureaucracy of the state and public organizations (especially educational institutions);
lack of development of social education systems;
poor organization of leisure time;
youth disappointment in the moral ideals and values of society;
the formation of views and norms that conflict with generally accepted views and norms
Nowadays there are many different subcultures that are not similar to each other. And now let's talk about the most famous and popular types of subcultures.
Now I would like to consider and introduce you to the most common movements of subcultures. Let's find out who these people are, and their rules, the values of the group.
Types of subcultures.
The most common subcultures of the 21st century are:
Informals differ greatly from each other in their stated goals, values and, as a result, behavior and pastime. For example, they unite based on their preference for certain styles of music and dance.
Skinheads
– their distinctive symbol is the swastika, a sign that does not even speak, but screams for itself.
Teenage skinheads stand out from the crowd with shaved heads, black clothes, and trousers tucked into boots. Sometimes there is an image of a pit bull on the clothes. They try to appear in public places in groups. You can meet them mainly in the evening, when it’s “their” time
Football fans
considered a subculture close to criminal. This is aggravated by the fact that fans are one of the most active teenage groups in Russia. For them, emotional release, the opportunity to yell, rage and mix different attitudes and lifestyles are of great importance.
Environmentalists
- such youth movements that protect the environment are unpopular and small in Russia (only 4%), even in Chernobyl. The actions of the Russian Greenpeace are mostly ineffective and are an imitation of the West. It is convenient to form such movements within official structures: they cannot exist independently due to material difficulties and legal obstacles.
Bikers
- lovers and fans of motorcycles. Unlike ordinary motorcyclists, bikers have a motorcycle as part of their lifestyle. It is also characteristic to unite with like-minded people based on this way of life.
Hip-hop
- a youth subculture that has existed for decades, appearing in the mid-1970s among African Americans and Latinos. It is characterized by its own music (also called hip-hop, Rap), its own slang, its own hip-hop fashion, dance styles (breakdancing, etc.), graphic art (graffiti) and its own cinema. It is still developing, new styles and directions are emerging. Hip-Hop does not stand still and therefore attracts young people and others.
Tolkienists.
The movement was born out of youth's passion for role-playing games with numerous characters from John Ronald Rowell Tolkien's books The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarilion. Gradually the movement became not only youth, but also social. A popular pastime among Tolkienists is “fighting” using wooden weapons. They may also meet to communicate, discuss scenarios for the next meetings, but they invariably behave according to their chosen roles, without leaving their character.
Glamor
– one of the most controversial subcultures. The fact is that this movement has only recently taken shape as a subculture in our country, although before that it was present in everything connected with club and social life. Encyclopedias still do not define this word as a cultural movement, although it has become increasingly active since the beginning of the new millennium.
Goths.
The Goth subculture is a modern trend that is characteristic of many countries. Her figurative system and cultural preferences clearly demonstrate a connection with the ideals of Gothic literature dating back to the nineteenth century.
Emo
. Representatives of emo are well known for their style and ideology, which is quite clearly expressed in the corresponding music. The basic concepts of emo: sadness, longing and love are expressed in musical performance using specific techniques such as screaming, which brings the audience into the proper mood. In a broader sense, being emo means being sad and writing poetry.
Anime - this is primarily the name of animated films that are produced in Japan. The widest segment was teenagers aged 12-15 years, that is, at the age when the psyche is most receptive to external pictures, and the imagination helps to recreate the necessary pictures. This is how a subculture of anime appeared, somewhat similar to the Tolkienists who had already become almost family. Namely, by trying to recreate in real life what they saw on the screen.
Conclusions:
I would like to summarize our class hour.
Subcultures have a large number of disadvantages, but also have their own small advantages.
To begin with, I would like to briefly say about the advantages, they consist in the fact that each subculture has its own ideas, values, rules and manners of behavior. And each person in their groups can show their creative ideas.
But these are only small advantages.
Now let us remind you of the disadvantages, which are much more numerous than the positive aspects. When teenagers form into their groups, they involuntarily, unconsciously begin a game from which some do not leave. And some flirt, and this becomes their meaning of life, and then they fall out of the social unit of society as individuals. Young people become weak-willed and do not have their say, because they follow the laws of their subculture.
From all of the above, I would like to conclude that in order to become a full-fledged person in society, it is better to attend cultural and sports clubs, and go to libraries.
One of the first manifestations of a specific youth culture in the world was the “beatnik” movement (or “broken” generation) in the late 40s and 50s. XX century in the USA. In terms of prevalence as a way of life, beatism was not particularly widespread, but its historical significance for the development of youth subcultures in the USA and the rest of the world lay in the fact that other leading subcultures (hippies, bikers, squatters, partly punks) actually emerged from it. for several decades they determined the life styles, fashion, and music of young people not only in the USA, but also in a number of other countries, including the USSR. The influence of the beatniks was due to the fact that its leading ideologists were writers who gained worldwide fame - J. Kerouac, W. Burroughs, A. Ginsberg, C. Kesey. It is also expressed in the fact that beatism as a way of life and ideology followed a number of archetypes and motives characteristic of the consciousness of young people - the cult of the road and wanderings, nonconformism, etc.
In terms of income and social prestige, the beatniks were at the bottom of the social ladder, despite the fact that most representatives of the beatnik movement came from the middle class and, in principle, one way or another claimed some kind of public recognition - primarily in creativity. To one degree or another, their purposeful rejection was a game.
The attitude of the beatniks to generally accepted morality and laws was more than critical. Contempt for moral and legal norms, in particular, was expressed in the spread of drugs among the beatniks. The Second World War was of significant importance for the formation of beatnikism, after which many young Americans could not find a place in life, and many did not want to look for it. The ideological and literary origins of beatnikism can be found in the literary works of the 1920s, the heroes of which (especially in E. Remarque and E. Hemingway) were also distinguished by disorder and loss.
By the end of the 40s. refers to the formation of another subculture in the USA, which subsequently spread throughout the world - bikers (or rockers). According to one version, in the late 40s - early 50s, the pilots of the Hells Angels squadron, famous during the war, were demobilized as unnecessary. Accustomed to speed and freedom of flight, many of them have found an alternative to flying by driving a motorcycle. At first, they gathered in small groups and traveled around the country, trying to find their place in peaceful life. Many of them subsequently settled in small towns, opened their own car and motorcycle repair shops, tattoo parlors, or became farmers and became respectable and law-abiding citizens. Those who were not satisfied with a quiet life gathered into “gangs” of motorcyclists and went in search of adventure and some kind of income 1 .
Unlike the beatniks, the bikers did not have intellectual ideologists, and this subculture itself has long been associated by the mass consciousness of American society and the press not so much with motorcycles, but with crime.
The bikers' uniform was black leather jackets, leather vests, trousers, and rough army boots or boots. Subsequently, biker fashion was reflected in the punk and metal styles. The ranks of bikers in the United States grew significantly after the Vietnam War, when soldiers returned to the country, many of whom, just like after the World War, were not particularly welcome. At the same time, Nazi symbols entered the bikers’ paraphernalia as a shocking effect on ordinary people and an appeal to cultural symbols rejected by the majority of society.
By the beginning of the 50s. refers to the formation of the first mass youth subculture in Great Britain - the so-called “Teddy Boys” or Teddies.” During the war years, a social phenomenon appeared in England, later called the term “teenagers.” Left to their own devices for a long time, teenagers unconsciously demanded a new attitude towards themselves. The Teddy Boys style of clothing was a reaction to the conservative style established in British society after the war - long single-breasted jackets and skinny trousers. The Teddy Boys added elements of a “cowboy” style. The main thing they wanted to show with their appearance was exaggerated masculinity and sexuality. In addition to their clothes, the “Teddy Boys” were distinguished by their aggressiveness and hooliganism. Their musical tastes took shape with the arrival in the mid-50s. to the Britain of American rock 'n' roll.
The British motorcycle subculture appeared somewhat later than in the United States. First of all, this was due to the issuance of gasoline using coupons, which was abolished only in 1950. A few years later, a youth subculture appeared in England, guided by the rule: “Live to the fullest, die young.” They were called "coffee-bar cowboys" or the slang expression ton-up (meaning those who constantly exceed the speed limit on motorcycles). The word "biker" was less common in England. Groups of such youth usually gathered at small roadside cafes. Gradually, they developed their own geography of their homes, and strangers had no right to enter their territory. The motorcycle was the main object of adoration; one’s right to “coolness” could only be proven in impromptu races. This subculture also laid down the style that later formed the basis of the British rock and roll image.
If the appearance of “Teddy Boys” in post-war Great Britain was largely a consequence of the crisis of socialization of teenagers from poor families, without parental supervision and left to their own devices, then in the 50s. England was experiencing an economic boom. Young people began to have pocket money, and the entertainment industry began to develop in the country. The “mods” subculture was aimed at stylish appearance (narrow shirt collars, tailored suits, white socks and neat hairstyles). Moreover, the appearance was determined not only by material capabilities, there were also a lot of subtleties that prescribed what was possible and what was not (for example, such strictness - with a certain width of trousers, the distance between them and the shoes had to be half an inch, and with a slightly larger width - already a whole inch ).
Since the mid-1960s. the mod subculture began to lose homogeneity and fall apart into separate groups (among which were the so-called hard mods, which later transformed into skinheads) 1 .
However, the real boom in youth subcultures began not in Great Britain, but in the United States in the mid-1960s. This happened for several reasons:
First, the United States experienced a population boom after World War II. This was due to the growing prosperity of Americans. From 1948 to 1953 The number of newborns in the United States increased by almost 50%. And by 1964, 17-year-olds had become the largest demographic group in the population. This situation remained until 1971. Accordingly, the number of universities and institutes doubled, and the number of students reached 5 million people 1 ;
Secondly, American society was experiencing a stage of transition to a “consumer society” with specific values of hedonism, getting pleasure from life, etc. The age of entry into adulthood has increased. Society began to place much more lenient demands on young people;
Thirdly, the masses of maturing youth simply could not find employment due to the limitations of the labor market and production, despite its growth;
Fourth, the beginning of mass production of birth control pills in the United States marked the beginning of the sexual revolution and strengthened hedonistic tendencies in the mass consciousness;
Fifthly, miscalculations in US domestic and foreign policy (the Vietnam War, etc.) served as the basis for a wave of protest in which young people played the main role;
Sixth, a powerful middle class has formed in the United States. And for the children of “average” Americans, who, unlike their parents, did not have to fight for survival, post-material values - self-expression, creativity, enjoying life, etc. - became very important.
One of the most influential youth movements of the 1960s. in the USA and all over the world, hippies became those who combined rebellion against the system with leaving it, with the creation of their own world, parallel to the existing one. A huge role in the formation of the hippie subculture was played by the evolution of rock and roll, which by the second half of the 1960s. From dance music and partly a means of protest, it turned into a kind of philosophy. This was especially true for psychedelic and Californian rock (“Doors”, “Jefferson Airplane”, “Grateful Dead”, etc.).
There are several versions of the origin of the word “hippie”. According to one of them, it comes from the slang word “hap” - touched. According to another, in Negro slang the word “hippie” means “a knowledgeable, knowledgeable person who understands the essence of things” 2 . According to the third - the word “hippie” - from “hip” - abbreviated “hipochondria” - hypochondria - depressed state 3. Most likely, the first option is correct - a word put into circulation by journalists, since hippies did not call themselves that and did not like the word itself. The hippies themselves preferred the name “freaks” - eccentrics.
The basis of the hippie ideology was the preaching of love and non-violence, the complete denial of wars and pacifism. Love, as understood by hippies, was a means to overcome disunity between people and to create worldwide brotherhood. In many ways, the ideology of love was borrowed by hippies from Hinduism and Buddhism, which began to actively penetrate in the 1960s. USA and Europe.
The philosophy of love was organically combined with sexual freedom and emancipation. At the level of behavioral practices, the preaching of the need for love came down to freedom from sexual restrictions, which was greatly facilitated by drugs.
Faced with the reluctance of society to change according to their standards, hippies began to go into the bosom of nature and create their own communes, free from the foundations of society. In the communes, many of them began to cultivate the land, eat and clothe themselves with the fruits of their own labor.
The symbol of their “belonging” to nature was long hair, wrinkled, torn clothes made of natural fabric, embroidered with flowers, and often bare feet.
Since the early 1970s. In the United States, the hippie movement began to wane. The onset of the economic crisis undermined the ability of most young people to live comfortably on their parents' means. The influx of “new blood” into the hippie communes has dried up. The old hippies degenerated after long periods of drug use. Hippie communes began to be criminalized, and there was little left of brotherly love. Many of the hippies left the communes, gave up drugs, got married and started working. A sample study conducted by the Wright Institute in Berkeley in conjunction with the National Institute of Psychological Illness in Washington found that 40% of hippies returned to normal life, 30% maintained their dropout status, mostly incurable drug addicts, and 30% were in between. – retained the ideas and values of hippies, as a rule, did not have a regular income, but were moderate in drug use and did not rush into risky experiments on themselves 1 .
Significant events that largely contributed to the decline of the hippie movement and, to an even greater extent, the psychedelic subculture, were a series of deaths of famous rock musicians at the turn of the 1960s and 70s. – J. Morrison, J. Joplin and J. Hendrix. They all died from drugs very young.
The second wave of the hippie movement formed in the early 1980s. and by the end of the 80s it stopped. But in the mid-1990s. The third wave of hippies suddenly announced itself.
The next subculture that attracted masses of young people into its orbit and actually replaced the hippies in terms of influence on youth culture as a whole was punk.
Punk culture emerged in the mid-1970s. in the UK and USA. The social factors that gave rise to punk were a paradoxical combination of crisis phenomena in the economy that contributed to unemployment, and the social policy of the state, which paid benefits on which the unemployed could live. Naturally, the crisis primarily affected young people, and young people belonging to the middle class. It became the social base of punk. The sociocultural factors that contributed to the emergence of punk culture were the crisis and commercialization of rock music.
The ideology of the punks was the philosophy of the “lost generation”: it is impossible to change the world for the better, life has lost its meaning, there is no future. Therefore, don’t give a damn about everything and yourself, do what you want now. Punks were hooligans on the streets and in cinemas, behaved defiantly towards the police and bullied passers-by. This is how they expressed their protest to the world. The word punk itself means scum.
The main goal of punks - to shock society - was achieved through a defiant lifestyle and a corresponding image. The thesis “There is no future” was expressed in self-destructive behavior - drinking large amounts of alcohol and drugs. The appearance of punks was also supposed to scare off ordinary people.
In fact, at the same time as punk, perhaps a little earlier - in the early 1970s. Another subculture began to spread in the world - Rastafarians, Rastafari or simply “Rasta”. Rastafari was a religious sect that emerged in the early 1930s. in Jamaica. Its founder was Christian preacher Marcus Garvey, who advocated for a black Christ. The main tenets of Rastafari were formulated by Leonard Howell (who later ended up in a madhouse). Among them were: smoking marijuana (ganja) - the “herb of wisdom” - to rid the consciousness of Western rationalism and deeply penetrate into the mystical essence of things and events, observing a number of prohibitions - not eating pork, shellfish, fish without scales, not smoking tobacco and not drink rum and wine (later this ban was explained by the fact that soon the brethren would drink palm wine in Africa), do not consume salt, vinegar, cow's milk, and do not gamble. Since God created man in his own image and likeness, any distortion of the divine appearance, including cutting and shaving, is a sin. Rastafarians began to wear long hair, forming curls - the so-called “dreads”. Rastafarians studied the history and culture of Africa, cultivated African cuisine, etc. 1
In the 1960s Rastafari became very popular among young people of color in the UK, USA and Canada thanks to mass emigration from Jamaica, and in the 1970s, again thanks to music (reggae style, especially performed by Bob Marley), it became a youth fashion that also embraced white youth. To some extent, the Rastas took the place of the hippies. They have quite a lot in common. As for hippies, for Rastafarians the world around them is “Babylon that must fall,” and the Rastafarians themselves are a community of “chosen ones.”
The skinhead movement also dates back to the late 1960s. By the way, until the end of the 1970s. there was nothing Nazi in their ideology. The first skinheads (or hard mods) came from poor British families, whose favorite pastime was going to football matches and subsequent brawls with fans of other teams. The neo-Nazi wave began to appear in the skinhead subculture from the late 1970s (the so-called “boneheads”). But the “red skinhead” movement was no less influential. Initially, the skinhead ideology protested against capitalism, exploitation, etc. A popular tattoo among them was a tattoo of the crucified Christ and the interpretation “crucified by capitalism.” Skinhead fashion has also changed over the years. The classic clothing of the first skinheads were boots with steel toes, suspenders (a mandatory attribute), and jeans. Subsequently, leather jackets spread. Drinking strong drinks was not encouraged. The signature drink was beer.
If the social base of the first wave of skinheads of the late 60s - early 70s was the working environment, then the second wave was dominated by the unemployed, the underclass 1 .
By the 60s. The 20th century also included the formation of a subculture, which by the 1990s. will reach a huge number of young people in a variety of countries. We are talking about the subculture of hackers 2 . Oddly enough, it arose in those years when there were no personal computers at all. The emergence and development of the “hacker” movement is due to the students of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of the best technical universities in the United States. Since the mid-50s, graduate students on April Fool's Day (April 1) had to make an original joke. According to the tradition of the students of this university, the best and most original joke was the installation of one large and bulky object on the dome of the main academic building. They installed cabinets and a piano there, and once a police car ended up there. Such an extraordinary joke was called a “hack” (English hack has several meanings, including: making furniture with an ax; hoe, nag; non-standard action; creative overcoming of limitations; an original move in programming or using software, as a result of which the computer allowed operations to be carried out , previously not provided for or considered impossible). The term was most often used in the Tech Model Railroad Club at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and meant “tearing down” electric trains, tracks and switches to find a new way to speed up the movement of trains. The term "hacker", in its original meaning, is someone who uses his ingenuity to achieve a compact and original solution, called in a technical sense.
In the 1970s, the development of telephone networks gave rise to the first specialization in the "hacker" subculture. Hackers who specialize in the operation of voice networks (telephone networks, voice communications equipment) have come to be called “phreakers.” Telephone hackers (phreakers) hacked into regional and international networks, resulting in the ability to make free calls.
In the early 80s, the activities of telephone phreakers began to shift towards computer technology, and the first electronic bulletin boards, abbreviated as “BBS,” appeared. The Sherwood Forest and Catch-22 bulletin boards were the forerunners of Usenet newsgroups and email. They became meeting places for phreakers and hackers, who exchanged news there, sold valuable advice to each other, and also traded stolen passwords and credit card numbers.
Groups of hackers began to form. One of the first was “Legion of Doom” in the USA and “Chaos Computer Club” in Germany. Their activities did not go unnoticed by society, and in 1983 the first feature film about hackers was released. The movie War Games is about a teenager played by Matthew Broderick. He tries to hack into a video game manufacturer's computer, but instead breaks into the military's main computer, which is simulating a nuclear war. Some young people picked up the artistic image as a counterpoint to adult society and turned their eyes (and wallets) to the rapidly developing industry of information technology. Hundreds of amateur teenagers appeared who tried to become “hackers”, to embody the first image of the “rebel hero” created by Hollywood. The first printed publications appeared in 1984. The first hacker magazine “2600” began to be published.
Hacker movement of the early and mid-80s of the XX century. moved from innovative research to unauthorized intrusion into other people's systems, increasing aggressiveness, using knowledge for the purpose of protest (against adult society), deleting or changing important data, spreading computer viruses, etc.
With the beginning of the rapid development of the Internet, after the introduction of the new browser “Netscare Navigator” (1994), the appearance of which significantly simplified access to information posted on the Internet, hackers very quickly moved to a new environment, transferring their conferences and programs from old BBS electronic boards to new Internet sites. Once information and easy-to-use tools became available to everyone on the Internet, the hacker community began to change. The movement is becoming more widespread, and there are already tens and hundreds of thousands of newly converted adherents.
At the end of the 80s and throughout the 90s of the XX century. The hacker movement has become a powerful force capable of destabilizing social structures and is becoming one of the main objects of study by government agencies and international human rights organizations.
In the 1990s. A new image of the hacker subculture is being formed, which is most characterized by a pronounced interest in new computer technology, communication devices and software. A distinctive feature of hackers of this period is the ideological rationale for hacking computer systems.
The end of the 90s of the XX century. and the beginning of the 21st century. - this is the stage of institutionalization of hackers: the creation of large associations, unions, firms that closely cooperate with criminal and shadow structures, active propaganda of the values and principles of the hacker subculture through the media.
Distinctive features of the hacker subculture are:
Clear priority of virtual communication;
Strict adherence to the principle of anonymity and the use of pseudonyms;
The cult of freedom of access to information;
Specific vocabulary related to computer technology;
A number of psychological characteristics - as a rule, individualistic attitudes, inflated self-esteem.
The hacker movement is overwhelmingly male.
The variety of activities of hackers and their specialization make it possible to distinguish the following groups of hackers:
Software hackers who hack software;
Network hackers working with the Internet;
- “postmen”-hackers responsible for transportation (movement on the network) and packaging (breakdown, conversion) of program code, so that law enforcement agencies and intelligence agencies would not be able to identify the “performers” of the order if someone from the group of hackers was found to have stolen information ;
- “virus writers”, responsible for writing viruses intended for specific purposes;
- “recruiters” who are responsible for psychological pressure (“mind control”) on third parties through economic espionage methods in order to obtain the necessary information (passwords, technical features, support from within the organization, etc.).
So, the boom of youth subcultures in Europe and America occurred in the 50s and 60s. XX century. This was due to a number of demographic, economic, political and socio-cultural factors. The development and diversity of subcultures indicate the formation of the subjectivity of young people in general and their individual groups, their clearer self-identification, positioning of their own interests and priorities - especially in the areas of self-expression and leisure. To a certain extent, society’s recognition of young people’s specific interests and rights to free self-expression contributed to reducing the intensity of the “generational conflict,” which, by and large, meant the desire of a significant part of young people to position themselves as “special.”
Everyone remembers goths and punks, and many were them themselves - then, in our forever lost 2007. What about modern teenagers? We'll tell you who else, besides hipsters, sets the tone in the 2010s generation.
How are we different?
Youth subcultures as we know them emerged after World War II, when teenagers finally had the money and time to find self-identity. In the 50s and 60s there was a real boom in subcultures, many of which still exist today in one form or another (for example, or).
But with the advent of the Internet, a lot has changed. If earlier a real rocker remained a rocker always and everywhere, now the subculture is a mask that can be put on and taken off. Tonight you are discussing Palahniuk’s latest novel with hipsters - and tomorrow you are putting on a leather jacket and combat boots to go to a rock concert in a basement bar in the company of punks - and no one is judging you, because fragmented entry into the subculture is now the norm.
Information about subcultures has become available to everyone, and often their image becomes the subject of parodies
And the Internet blurs age boundaries. Previously, it was possible to “get over” a subculture in the ten-year period between the end of childhood and the final beginning of adulthood. Now even a child has almost unlimited access to information and can choose the model of behavior that is close to him, and adults do not want to give up their usual images. As a result, the subculture includes not only teenagers, but also children and very mature people.
New subcultures do not correspond to the list of characteristics that previously defined subcultures. This even gives some researchers a reason to say that subcultures no longer exist and they have been replaced by “cultural mixes.” Nevertheless, let’s try to figure out what hasn’t died out yet.
Vanillas (vanilla)
This specific subculture appeared in the early 2010s and is widespread mainly among teenage girls. The name came either from the love of clothes in vanilla shades, or from the love of sweets, or goes back to the title of the film “Vanilla Sky”. Their worldview is based on three ideas. Firstly, it emphasizes femininity, tenderness, weakness (love of lace, pastel colors, heels and light makeup). Perhaps this was a reaction to the imposition of the image of a strong woman on girls. Or maybe the girls who grew up in Soviet-style families (where the mother first worked alongside her father at the factory, and then cooked borscht at home for the same amount of time) felt that the new time gave them the opportunity to live a life different from their mother’s.
A common image of a “vanilla” girl
The second feature is a love of depression and hidden tragedy. Any subculture in one way or another rebels against society, but among vanilla subcultures it is a “quiet rebellion” - withdrawal into oneself, withdrawal from society. And finally, Vanillas choose a special type of clothing. Often this is a print with the British flag or the inscription “I love NY”, more glasses, a sloppy bun of hair. It is believed that vanilla are the predecessors of the well-known hipsters.
The word “vanilla” has become a household word and means everything sweetly tender. And vanilla beans themselves are a constant subject of jokes on the Internet.
Tumblr girl (web punk)
They are called “Tumber Girls” because they copy and distribute their style on the Tumblr website. Black crosses against a background of space, thin black collars, high-soled flat shoes, short black circle skirts, wide-brimmed hats - you've probably seen more than one similar picture. Unlike the subcultures of the past, they don’t have to bother with sewing clothes by hand or getting them from exotic places - Tumblr girls have many themed VKontakte stores at their disposal. And since web punk is a combination of the real and the virtual, the photo should be decorated with pixel art, glitter, unicorns, rainbows and Windows backgrounds.
If vanilla people consider depression to emphasize their “otherness,” then web punk says: depression is an absolutely normal state in this world full of pain. You can (and should!) make witty jokes about your depression. Do all your talents come down to eating pizza, watching TV series and sleeping? Great, you've been accepted into this company.
Of course, like any subculture, web punk is stereotypical, and you most likely will not find truly witty jokes, interesting images and deep thoughts there. On top of that, Tumblr girls are often criticized for romanticizing passivity, laziness, and other bad things.
Tumblr girls' style of making pictures with captions on a beautiful background has become the subject of countless parodies on the Internet.
Korean wave
The Korean Wave is a subculture made up of fans of South Korean music groups. The name “Korean wave” was invented in China, where this wave, naturally, reached much earlier. Have you seen how some friend of yours reposts a picture on the wall with several Asian faces, indistinguishable to the untrained eye, and the caption “Someone is so cute! And someone is insulting him again! It’s okay, someone will show them!”? This is exactly it.
What is the secret of the global popularity of Korean groups? Firstly, they are much larger in composition than we are used to: from five to ten people. And between all the participants there are complex relationships, more complicated than in your favorite TV series. Everything is complicated by the fact that they often live in the same apartment - and each maintains a blog. “Home” photographs of idols are highly valued among fans.
Members of the subculture use the word “uljan” to refer to models with large eyes, small noses and lips. This doll-like appearance is achieved through plastic surgery, makeup and Photoshop.
Event for Knowledge Day on the topic:
« Youth subcultures of the 21st century." 10th grade
Target : Convince students that gang activity has a negative impact on others.
Progress of the event.
Slide No. 1. Name
Teacher : We often hear these words now: skinheads, hippies, punks, and so on. Some think, some don’t: “After all, this doesn’t concern me.” But we all meet strangely dressed young people on the street, with strange hairstyles and behavior. They always cause a feeling of fear and discomfort; you expect something bad from them. Probably not without reason.
Historically, in Russian-European culture, the color black symbolizes evil, death, a frightening other world, remember the colors of mourning robes, the clothes of black magicians, the color of the uniform of soldiers of the SS group - an elite unit of the fascist army.
For example, a shaved head has long been a sign of a professional warrior, since long hair is a dangerous obstacle in hand-to-hand combat, and therefore it is not surprising that it is still perceived by most people as a sign of potential aggression.
Many teenagers themselves do not understand the meaning of the symbols they use. They see a person in front of them with a comb on their head or a shaved head, and they have conflicting thoughts.
The subcultures of hippies, skinheads and others were created as a protest of young people against some phenomena in society and the state. Representatives of these subcultures demonstrated their uniqueness not only through their philosophy and behavior, but also through external attributes, as if saying: “We are not like everyone else, we are special.”
I believe that every person should know at least a little, in general terms, what a subculture is. Informals live among us, and they are people like us, just with their own hobbies, maybe even oddities. By understanding subcultures, you will understand who you need to fear and avoid, who you shouldn’t be influenced by, and who, on the contrary, is very interesting to communicate with. Every subculture has different people. Some are bad, some are good, some were forced by life to become part of the underground, and some went there on purpose. Every year, more and more teenagers become informals; your friend, child, neighbor can join any of the movements...
Let's look at the history of each group, and find out what each group brings, positive or negative, for the younger generation.
Slide No. 2 -3 diagrams
On the slide I presented some of the most popular subcultures among young people your age.
1. Musical subculture.
It is represented by 3 types: trance culture, metalheads and rockers.
(student performance)
Trance culture. Slide No. 4 trans
There is a musical direction that does not spread on TV and only recently appears on the radio, but at the same time it is not underground in its pure form. It is not announced, but at the same time it easily attracts several thousand people to its events. This music is listened to and played all over the world from Japan to England, but at the same time it remains “terra incognita”. This is trance music.. The foundations of trance music were laid when completely different peoples had very similar rituals. All of them were accompanied by loud, rhythmic music and fiery flashes of a fire or torches. The goals of this process were different: to appease the gods, to mark an event in the life of the tribe, and so on. But one thing was constant: under the influence of all the actions described above, all those present fell into a trance (hence the name), became one, dancing around the fire, and this united the tribe even more. Moreover, such rituals are found among all peoples and races without exception: among the ancient Indians, and among African tribes, and among northern peoples.
The first trance parties were held, naturally, in Goa, and it was from there that some of the characteristic features of this subculture came - Indian motifs in decoration and design, fluorescent paints, aromatic incense.
The circle of trance music fans is very wide. On average, these are people from 15 to 30 years old.
The negative side of the trans movement is that its followers often use drugs for a more complete “trance” or are seriously interested in shamanism and paganism.
Metalheads.
Slide No. 5
Metalheads are one of the largest “informal” subcultures.
Once upon a time, heavy music was either the hobby of a few music lovers, or the elite entertainment of the intelligentsia... and even the momentary hobby of gopniks. Today almost everyone listens to heavy music.
The history of heavy music is primarily the history of “dirty” sound. Everyone knows that rock and roll gave birth to modern guitar music, but it is less known that until about the beginning of the 60s, guitarists did not use an overloaded sound in rock. It was believed that an electric guitar should sound like a regular guitar - just louder, richer and brighter. Any background or distortion was perceived as a defect when adjusting the sound.
Little by little, with the development of guitar and sound reinforcement technology, innovative guitarists began to experiment with the volume and frequency knobs of their instruments and “amps.” And this, in turn, led to a change in the methods of the game.
The accompanying composition of the groups also began to adapt to the new sound and techniques, then the guitar gradually came to the fore and from an inconspicuous accompanying instrument turned into the queen of the ball, sometimes even pushing aside the vocalist.
The term itself, which often denotes all the “heaviness”, metal, came from spheres quite distant from music. For the first time in a cultural context, the phrase heavy metal was used in the novel “Naked Lunch” (1959) by the legendary William Burroughs. He called it hard, aggressive, assertive music (the fact is that even during the Second World War, in American soldier's jargon, heavy metal meant artillery cannonade.
Their appearance is defiant and aggressive: black clothes with a lot of metal, images of skulls, blood, and the inscription “Satan” in English. Although the clothes are clean and tidy. Classic metalheads wear tight black jeans tucked into high boots or “cossacks”, leather jackets with oblique zippers - “leather jackets”, “kosovorots”, earrings in the left ear, rings with images of skulls or other black magical symbols (pentagram, skeleton, etc.) . d.) Those who are over 25 years old are engaged in serious work, as a rule, they are peaceful, although sometimes they can misbehave with those who are younger.
are well versed in musical styles not only of modern, but also classical music.
Rockers. Slide No. 5
The rocker movement first appeared in the mid-1960s in the USA and England. The rockers are mainly young people from 13 to 30 years old, dissatisfied with the foundations of society and wanting to “change the world.” Most often, these were people from dysfunctional families, deprived of the state. The rockers' clothes had an atypical appearance (for that time): a leather jacket with all kinds of badges and inscriptions, a torba (a backpack made of rough fabric, tied like a bag with a rope at the top), worn, frayed jeans.
Among rockers, both then and now, masculinity is emphasized, which was then associated with a loud voice, obscene speech and rude behavior. Rockers attached particular importance to motorcycles and driving. Those who had a more expensive motorcycle and more driving experience were considered the coolest. This leads to another subculture - bikers.
Clubs, bars and pubs were considered favorite hangouts for rockers. Rockers were very prejudiced against those subcultures that did not accept this lifestyle.
Metalheads and rockers are, in fact, one subculture. It's just that rockers listen to less “heavy” music, and there is less metal and leather in their appearance. Rocker canlook, for example, like this: jeans tucked into high boots, a black shirt and a chain suspended from a black belt.
But the rest of the musicmetal and rock have the same roots, so I thought it was possible to combine these two subcultures.
2. Antique subcultures.
Fashion slide No. 6
Mods from Modernism, Modism ) is a British youth subculture that formed in the late 1950s. among the London petty bourgeoisie and reached its peak in the mid-1960s.
Fashions chose motor scooters as transport, and there were frequent collisions with rockers and bikers (motorcycle owners). The Mods typically met in clubs and seaside resorts such as Brighton, where the infamous street clashes between rockers and Mods took place in 1964.
In the second half of the 60s. The mod movement waned and has since been revived only sporadically. At the end of the 70s. the mod style was adopted by some punk bands.
What are they wearing?
Being a Mod means having a pair of heavy boots. The most common form of Mods are bleached jeans with red suspenders, heavy red boots with steel toes. They also wear Levis in brown corduroy or khaki.
The older generation of Mods prefer a blue mohair suit and are often called "Suits" for this reason. This is a more dangerous breed.
Particularly frightening are Suits who wear horn-rimmed glasses, as they give a false impression that they belong to the intelligentsia.
Short hair is a must. This gives an idea of their owner as an “intellectual” - the art of striking with his outstanding skull.
The language is extremely limited. They use drugs - pills and dark beer.
Musical tastes: blue beat, reggae, rocksteady and ska - it is important that you can see how you stomp your boots to these rhythms.
Rockabilly people. Slide No. 6
Everyone has their own idols. But, for example, the crowd that imitates Elvis Presley is already a separate subculture. Rockabilly musicians live in Moscow and other cities, by the standards of 1957, and perceive reality through the prism of that era. They wear clothes of those times, dance dances that appeared at that time, keep in touch with similar communities in all countries of the world...
Their clothes are, accordingly, the same as those of the musicians they imitate, so it is impossible to single out one style.
3. Leaving into another reality. Slide No. 7
Gamers.
The gamer subculture has only recently emerged. With the advent of computer games, and later the Internet, young people began to actively communicate online. Computer network games for them are an opportunity to communicate in action: together with other, often foreign, peers, complete tasks and defeat enemies. But there are also non-network games that have a purely entertainment function; there are players who literally live in this “virtual reality”. Sometimes games have a negative effect on the psyche of teenagers, but most still know when to stop. A gamer is no different in appearance from an ordinary person. You can understand that your interlocutor is a gamer only when it comes to computer games, and not only computer games - now there are a lot of varieties of game consoles: “Sony consoles”, “Gameboys”, etc. The gamer will immediately shower you with unfamiliar words, the meaning of which you can try to understand if you know English. But still, gamers have their own language, which few people understand. Games not only have a negative effect on gamers - they develop reaction speed and speed of thought, perseverance and determination, even dexterity. Games over the Internet help you learn English and expand your circle of friends. Recent American studies show that gamers who came into business (respectively, quite young guys) show unprecedented results, since business for them is the same game.
Gopniks. Slide No. 7
When speaking about criminally minded youth subcultures, or rather countercultures, it is first necessary to mention the “gopniks” and “group members”. This subculture flourished in the 80s. In the mid-90s, a new generation of “gopniks” appeared, uncontrolled by organized crime or controlled by it to a lesser extent.
They quickly proved themselves to be the “cultural enemies” of most youth subcultures: bikers, ravers, roller skaters, etc. Any teenager suspected of belonging to one or another subculture can be beaten, raped, or robbed. The confrontation between youth gangs also did not become a thing of history, but only moved to the periphery
Roleplayers. Slide No. 7
All role players are different people and they have only one thing in common: the guys have great respect for a certain era (sometimes historical, but more often fictional, described in endless fantasy books). It is wrong to call all role-players Tolkienists; this movement has many directions
It all started with books. The first wildly popular fantasy writer was Tolkien. Later, books by other authors who created beautiful fairy-tale worlds began to appear in large quantities. The role-playing games themselves were invented by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson. They began developing a fantasy-based gaming system in 1970.
The scheme of the game is as follows: players choose their characters (roles, in fact) and engage in them throughout the game, and the DM manages and announces how things currently stand in the game situation. The duration of the game depends on the module - some stories last for several hours, others - sometimes even for a couple of years. Each player can pursue their own goals - some just like to gradually develop their character, some want to win at any cost, and some want to kill everything that moves.
Outwardly, role-players look absolutely normal, they live like all other people, not differing from them in any way. Apart from the passion for reading fantasy and, not everyone has problems with the ability to distinguish reality from unreality, but even gamers sometimes have more problems.
4. Worldview subcultures. Slide No. 8
Rastafarians (Rastafari).
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, expelled from the United States, actively preaches the idea that Jesus Christ was black, so we should wait for the coming of a great king from Africa - the savior of the black race.
On November 2, 1930, Prince Tafari Makonen (or Ras Tafari - hence the name of the movement) was crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. Thousands of people found the prophecies to come true. This is how Rastafarianism was born.
Rastafarians believe that everything valuable to humanity originated in Africa. Africa is a paradise on Earth where Rastafarians live, according to the will of the great Jah. They declare war on Babylon (white culture). From their point of view, you can: love people, smoke weed, sit back, understand the meaning of life, tell others about Rastafari, philosophize, play the drums, fight Babylon, wear dreadlocks and listen to reggae; you cannot: eat pork, shellfish, salt, vinegar, fish without scales, cow's milk, smoke tobacco, drink rum and wine, carry things from someone else's shoulder, eat food prepared by others, gamble, touch the dead, preach to the unworthy.
5. Countercultures.
Slide No. 9
Skinheads.
Derived from English. skin head - shaved head. These are neo-fascist closed youth groups. They preach the cult of a strong personality, racism, chauvinism, the cult of black magic, and systematically engage in physical training. They don't hide their views. The greeting is an outstretched hand. Often the head of such a youth group is an adult with pro-fascist views. Strangers are not allowed to attend meetings. Military-style organization. Ideology is the subordination of a strong personality; all the weak and infirm have no right to life. The ideology is based on the ideas of National Socialism and anti-Semitism. They hate grungers, rappers, hippies, ravers and people of a different skin color. Metalheads and most rockers are either indifferent or sympathetic. They are afraid of bikers. The average age of skins is 17-18 years. They like to listen to military anthems and marches, “metal” of the mid-80s.
6. Sports and near-sports subcultures. Riders. Slide No. 10
Snowboarders.
The history of snowboarding is a classic example of the American dream come true. Of course, Sherman Poppen, a gas equipment design engineer, didn’t think about all this at all when, at Christmas 1965, he decided to please his kids with a new fun. He connected a pair of children's skis with wooden jumpers, rearranging the binding straps on them. Thus, for the first time, a simple idea was realized - to give a person the opportunity to slide sideways on the snow, as surfers did on the waves and skateboarders on the asphalt. Poppen's wife even came up with a name for the projectile - snurf, from the words snow and surf. The toy was a success with local children, and Sherman had to repeat the manipulations with skis for the neighboring children. Looking at the children's games, he thought about the parents. And he went to Goodwill, where he bought old equipment, and the snow-covered sand dunes of the coast became the first place to ride a water monoski on the snow. The idea was patented. Controlling the projectile was very problematic, falls were the norm rather than the exception, but the number of fans grew. In 1968, on February 18, the first ever competition in the new sport of snurf was held at the Blockhouse Hill ski resort in Muskegon, Michigan. Athletes descended in a straight line, competing for speed.
Parkour. Slide No. 10
Parkour - the art of efficient movement and overcoming obstacles - was founded in France David Bell and Sebastian Fuca. It combines a special philosophy (worldview), athletics, martial arts and building (climbing walls).
People who practice parkour are called tracers (Russian: tracers). Parkour became popular thanks to the films "Yamakashi" and "District 13". As an independent movement, parkour originated in France in the 90s. Parkour is a discipline that is a set of body control skills that, at the right time, can be used in any situation in our lives. The ability to get where you are needed faster than others is an indicator of your abilities and level.
Skateboard. Slide No. 11
Skateboarding originated in California, USA in the fifties of the last century. And already in 1959, the first Roller Derby skateboard went on sale. It vaguely resembled what in our time we are accustomed to calling a board. The only similarities were in the presence of wheels and a deck, which at that time was a regular board without bends.. In 1963, the Makaha company designed the first professional skateboard. This was the impetus for holding skateboarding competitions among teenagers. The mid-sixties are the peak of skateboarding's popularity. In three years, Makaha sold more than 50 million boards. Bennet and Tracker have developed a new type of harness that makes skateboarding more professional. Polyurethane wheels began to be used. In 1976, the first professional skatepark was built in Florida, which made it possible to ride a board in any weather. In the late seventies, the real estate crisis hit the United States, and hundreds of houses and swimming pools were abandoned. These pools were very convenient for boarding because they had rounded walls. This is how the new style of Pool Skating was born, i.e. skating in the pool, a little later they began to build ramps, which gave rise to vert skateboarding (ramp skating).
Bikers. Slide No. 11
The history of bikers began in 1901, when a company of twenty-year-old inventors from the American state of Milwaukee began working on the motorization of the bicycle. William Harley and Arthur Davidson worked on the creation of the first-born. The result was a constructively new phenomenon. By 1903, there were other motorcycle companies in the United States. And one of them, the Indian motorcycle company, founded in 1901, became the main competitor to Harley-Davidson for many years. But it can still be argued that bikers started with Harleys.
Among the bikers there are sincerely religious people. There are also atheists. But they are all united by one faith, and the worship of one idol - Speed. A biker lives and dies by striving for the beyond. Bikers are one of the most “severe” groups both here and in the West. Their ideology is characterized by the merging of man and the technology he creates into a single organism. A motorcycle in the eyes of bikers is a friend, protector, a symbol of strength, power and confidence, at the same time it is a means, reason and form of uniting like-minded people into a single fist, capable of withstanding the dangers of the metropolis, defending the collective, group and individual interests of bikers. In their environment, symbolism and rituals are of great importance, promoting the unity of community members and allowing them to find each other in a crowd. In addition to the ride itself, the biker naturally likes to discuss it with “his own kind.” That's why biker parties gather everywhere. Of course, not all people, even those who are passionate about the same thing, can find a common language.
They wear long hair combed back, a headscarf (bandana), tattoos, leather pants, and high-heeled cowboy boots.
Football fans. Slide No. 11
A group close to criminal subcultures are fans of football teams. Communities of football fans are one of the most common forms of subcultural youth activity in modern Russia, which has a long origin. Many forms of support for teams by their fans developed back in the 30s, when football was amateur in the full sense of the word, and football players worked among their fans.
Later, as football professionalized in Russia, the modern practice of organized fan trips to support the team at games in other cities arose. The specificity of this subculture is that it requires a minimum of effort from participants and does not deeply affect the way of life. The game itself on the football field inspires fans, but more significant for them are the moments of general emotional release, the opportunity to “break away”, to express their feelings to the fullest (yell, rowdy). Sometimes their actions are downright criminal in nature.
Football fans are a complex community to organize. Travel to other cities is very often associated with fights - often on the station square. The main means of distinguishing fans is a scarf (“rosette”, “rose”). A regular scarf is designed in the colors of the football team and can have various inscriptions.
Teacher : Guys, tell me how the fans behave?
BMX-era. Slide No. 11
Like most modern sports, BMX was created in America. At first it was just a small bike, not intended for any tricks. Soon the crazy guys, who were tired of just driving, began to jump and rush through the streets. And manufacturers began to develop and offer new designs for such bicycles.
In 1988, the first bikes appeared on which you could ride normally, without fear for your life, and do tricks. The steering wheel easily turned 360 degrees, the brakes worked almost flawlessly... In Russia, BMX began to develop only a few years ago. Nowadays bmxers can be found on the streets of large cities such as Moscow, St. Petersburg and smaller cities. The Flatland style was developed by Moscow circus performers who perform incredible tricks. There are several parks with springboards for DirtJumping. But still, we are 6-8 years behind America...what you could expect from your frame.
7. Musical – Worldview subcultures. Slide No. 12
Goths.
The goth movement is based on goth music that grew out of post-punk. Therefore, ready is still considered a musical direction. The appearance is ready - black outfits, bats, vampire teeth and other symbols - everything that has at least some relation to the aesthetics of death.
Goths perceive their movement as a protest against mass consciousness, bad taste and diversity. While the pop music is composing its “three words, 2 chords” about love, the goth, whose whole appearance reminds of death, goes to the cemetery. It doesn’t matter what he will do there: think about the vanity of all things or just have fun with friends.
However, the meaning of life is Gothic - this is Gothic itself - as an angle of perception of life, and not at all a cult of death. Gothic is an aesthetic phenomenon, and dark images are nothing more than shocking.
Emo. Slide No. 12
Strange girls with black hair, shiny hairpins on their heads and a ring in their lower lip, thin guys with bangs covering half of their faces, wearing black and white sneakers and a “messenger” bag over their shoulders with a scattering of multi-colored badges and improvised patches - these are the children of emo.
The Emo movement - short for emotion (emotional) - began its existence in the 80s in the West. Characteristic features of the musical style - Squealing, crying, moaning, whispering, breaking into a scream... texts about unhappy love, injustice, about a cruel and violent world. Expressionemotions is the main rule for emo-kids (emo-kids - those who consider themselves to be part of the emo subculture). An emo kid is often a vulnerable and depressed teenager. He stands out from the crowd with his bright appearance, is looking for accomplices and dreams of happy love.
In emo culture, the boundaries between the sexes are blurred, boys look like girls, girls look like boys, who look like girls... sometimes you can’t tell the difference.
Thin, tall teenagers with coarse, straight, black hair (torn bangs covering half of the face, hair sticking out in different directions at the back), girls can have childish, funny hairstyles - two small ponytails, bright hair clips - hearts on the sides. Both boys and girls can paint their lips to match their skin color. Their faces look pale, their thickly black-lined eyes look like a bright spot. Skinny jeans, possibly with holes or patches, a riveted belt with a chain, or maybe a pink one with cartoon characters.
Tight T-shirts with funny children's drawings (Mickey Mouse, SpongeBob), black with the names of emo groups, with crossed pistols (classic inscription: bang-bang)or with hearts torn to shreds on their chests. On your feet are sneakers or Vans, on your hands are multi-colored bracelets, on your neck are large bright beads or white pearls borrowed from your grandmother. Sweaters with a v-neck, jackets with badges, sweatshirts from the times of the USSR, a vest with diamonds like grandfather's, long striped scarves, pierced tongues, lips, ears, nose, bridge of the nose... Often emo kids make tunnels in their ears - large holes ( on average 12-16 mm), into which plugs (round earrings) or tunnels (donuts with a hole inside) are inserted. Emo kids carry bags over their shoulders or backpacks, on which they hang a lot of badges, soft toys, and patches. Some emo kids wear square glasses with clear lenses in black frames and striped leg warmers on their arms (the most common are black and pink), and black polish on their nails. Emo kids do not disdain clothes from stock and second-hand stores.
Hippie. Slide No. 13
Hippie culture is one of the most ancient and lasting in the underground. Hippies are famous for their gentleness and non-aggression. As you know, hippies were born in the turbulent 60s. They called on humanity to love each other and not fight. They called themselves “flower children,” got a kick out of Denis Joplin and The Doors, and were the first to begin “expanding consciousness” in all ways - from meditation to LSD. Hippie ideas are still alive. There are always individuals who are closer to the “flower” philosophy than the aggression of punks or rapper show-offs. Hippies have developed real traditions over time.
Punks. Slide No. 14
The word “punk” has entered the mainstream lexicon and today is used to mean “dirt,” “rotten,” “garbage.” It is quite easy to distinguish a punk from an ordinary person. He listens to punk music: Sex Pistols, Exploited, NOFX, Offspring, Iggy Pop, “The King and the Clown,” “Naive,” etc.
The basis for punk clothing can be the following things: hoodies and T-shirts, ripped jeans, leather jackets, patchwork jackets, sneakers, low shoes and high boots, belts and collars
Punks appeared in Great Britain, more precisely in Wales, in the first half of the 30s. This is what people who lived in poor areas of cities called themselves, as a rule, the children of coal miners. They drank "Indian moonshine" - hooch, smoked opium, snorted toxic substances. The means of livelihood was elementary banditry, entertainment - fights, breaking glass. Punk music in the 1930s was “black jazz,” performed by blacks. The ideology is based on anarchy and the complete negation of the state and society.
Gradually, the punks of those years turned into people who listen to “punk” and “punk rock.” Conventionally, two age groups of punks can be distinguished.
The ideology of punks is the philosophy of the “lost generation”: it is impossible to change the world for the better, life has lost its meaning, there is no future. Therefore, don’t give a damn about everything and yourself, do what you want now.
Rappers. Slide No. 15
Among many other subcultural forms based on musical styles, rap (English rap - light blow, knock) has gained wide popularity in Russia. The manner of performance (“reading”), the appearance of the performers, their actions come from the street life of teenagers in the black neighborhoods of America in rap. On Russian soil, this style is imitative in nature and recently it has increasingly become part of what is called hip-hop culture. Her priorities, besides rap: breakdancing as a form of dance and body work, graffiti as a type of special wall painting, extreme sports, streetball (street football), etc. She is quite democratic and does not lose a direct connection with the “youth of the street” , although it is obvious that her identity is supported from the outside. In large cities there are quite a lot of young people wearing clothes stylistically related to rap. But rap fans view the "tough guys in baggy pants" posing as rappers with contempt. The fact that rapper clothing is found quite often in Moscow and some other Russian cities is largely influenced by the economic factor: such clothing is sold at wholesale clothing markets and is relatively inexpensive. But, of course, a certain part of young people are quite consciously oriented towards hip-hop culture.
Wear clothes that are wide and several sizes larger. Athletic. Favorite sport is basketball. Jewelry includes badges and earrings. The hair is cut short. Many rappers do not drink alcohol, not even beer, but prefer hard drugs. Rappers are not only those who listen to rap music, but also people who write rap, imbued with its idea. For the most part, rappers are not aggressive, except for those who consider themselves to be part of the “Gangsta” movement.
8. Art - culture. Slide No. 16
Graffitters.
(writers).
The word graffiti is Italian and originally means “scratched.” So this definition can include anything, including rock paintings, but this term is usually used to designate art on the walls of houses and in the subway using cans of paint (and occasionally markers), most often in the same style. Street artists are called writers, grafflers or graffitters.
Graffiti is still art. Some researchers officially consider it a fully established movement of modern avant-gardeism. Graffiti first appeared in America in the late 60s as part of street culture. It all started with simple tags (literally “mark”) on the New York subway, and they left these tags simply to indicate their presence. Today the same thing is happening in the Moscow metro, but real graffitters strongly condemn this.
Then taggers switched from vandalizer markers to spray paint, and the inscriptions became larger, brighter and more impressive. A fashion appeared, the business gained momentum, and “bombing” teams began to paint subway cars not only from the inside, but also from the outside at night. This type of street art is called subway art.Reiter is dressed like an ordinary person...But not when he is working. It's important to wear something you don't mind getting dirty. Gloves will help protect your hands, and a breather or bandage will help prevent you from breathing in the paint. Graffiti artists often dress in rapper style, and many of them are actually rappers.
Teacher: Guys, let's think about why young people end up in such groups? What are the reasons?
Consequences of the actions of antisocial groups.
Slide No. 17
For its members.
Breaking the law
Detention
Serving a sentence in prison
Studying in special schools
Diseases of the neuropsychic sphere
Physical injury
Severe consequences of alcohol and drug use.
For the people around you. Slide No. 18
Fear
Violence
Causing moral damage
Damage to property
Beating
Murders
Kidnapping
Vehicle theft
For the territory where the group is located. Slide No. 19
Special risk area
Damaged pay phones
Constant thefts and robberies
Troubled situation on the street
Broken benches
Graffiti on the walls
Destroyed playgrounds
Teacher: The question arises: does anyone really need this?
Teacher: What unites all the groups?
We cannot harm others, including ourselves. We all need to benefit.
Do you think any subcultures are needed at all?
We draw a conclusion together.
