Creativity for Chukovsky's birthday. Unfamiliar Chukovsky

March 31 marks the 130th anniversary of the birth of the Russian writer and translator Korney Chukovsky.

Russian and Soviet poet, writer, critic, literary critic, translator Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (real name Nikolai Ivanovich Korneychukov) was born on March 31 (19 according to the old style) March 1882 in St. Petersburg. Chukovsky's father, St. Petersburg student Emmanuel Levenson, in whose family Chukovsky's mother, peasant woman Ekaterina Korneychukova, was a servant, left her three years after the birth of his son. Together with her son and eldest daughter, she was forced to leave for Odessa.

Nikolai studied at the Odessa gymnasium, but in 1898 he was expelled from the fifth grade, when, according to a special decree (the decree on cooks' children), educational institutions were exempt from children of low origin.

From his youth, Chukovsky led a working life, read a lot, and independently studied English and French.

In 1901, Chukovsky began publishing in the newspaper "Odessa News", where he was brought by an older friend from the gymnasium, later a politician, ideologist of the Zionist movement, Vladimir Jabotinsky.

In 1903-1904, Chukovsky was sent to London as a correspondent for Odessa News. Almost every day he visited the free reading room of the British Museum library, where he read English writers, historians, philosophers, and publicists. This helped the writer subsequently develop his own style, which was later called paradoxical and witty.

Since August 1905, Chukovsky lived in St. Petersburg, collaborated with many St. Petersburg magazines, and organized (with the subsidy of singer Leonid Sobinov) a weekly political satire magazine, Signal. Fedor Sologub, Teffi, Alexander Kuprin were published in the magazine. For his bold cartoons and anti-government poems in four published issues, Chukovsky was arrested and sentenced to six months in prison.

In 1906, he became a permanent contributor to Valery Bryusov's magazine "Scales". From this year, Chukovsky also collaborated with the Niva magazine and the Rech newspaper, where he published critical essays about modern writers, later collected in the books From Chekhov to the Present Day (1908), Critical Stories (1911), and Faces and masks" (1914), "Futurists" (1922).

Since the fall of 1906, Chukovsky settled in Kuokkala (now the village of Repino), where he became close to the artist Ilya Repin and lawyer Anatoly Koni, met Vladimir Korolenko, Alexander Kuprin, Fyodor Chaliapin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Leonid Andreev, Alexei Tolstoy. Later, Chukovsky spoke about many cultural figures in his memoirs - “Repin. Gorky. Mayakovsky. Bryusov. Memoirs” (1940), “From Memoirs” (1959), “Contemporaries” (1962).

In Kuokkala, the poet translated "Leaves of Grass" by the American poet Walt Whitman (published in 1922), wrote articles on children's literature ("Save the Children" and "God and Child", 1909) and the first fairy tales (almanac "Firebird", 1911 ). An almanac of autographs and drawings was also collected here, reflecting the creative life of several generations of artists - “Chukokkala”, the name of which was invented by Repin.

This humorous handwritten almanac, with creative autographs from Alexander Blok, Zinaida Gippius, Nikolai Gumilyov, Osip Mandelstam, Ilya Repin, as well as writers Arthur Conan Doyle and H.G. Wells, was first published in 1979 in an abridged version.

In February-March 1916, Chukovsky made a second trip to England as part of a delegation of Russian journalists at the invitation of the British government. In the same year, Maxim Gorky invited him to head the children's department of the Parus publishing house. The result of the joint work was the almanac "Yolka", published in 1918.

In the fall of 1917, Korney Chukovsky returned to Petrograd (now St. Petersburg), where he lived until 1938.

In 1918-1924 he was part of the management of the World Literature publishing house.

In 1919, he participated in the creation of the House of Arts and headed its literary department.

In 1921, Chukovsky organized a dacha colony for Petrograd writers and artists in Kholomki (Pskov province), where he “saved his family and himself from hunger,” and took part in the creation of the children’s department of the Epoch publishing house (1924).

In 1924-1925 he worked in the magazine "Russian Contemporary", where his books "Alexander Blok as a Man and a Poet" and "Two Souls of Maxim Gorky" were published.

In Leningrad, Chukovsky published books for children “Crocodile” (published in 1917 under the title “Vanya and the Crocodile”), “Moidodyr” (1923), “Cockroach” (1923), “Tsokotukha Fly” (1924, under the title “Mukhina” wedding"), "Barmaley" (1925), "Aibolit" (1929, under the title "The Adventures of Aibolit") and the book "From Two to Five", which was first published in 1928 under the title "Little Children".

Children's fairy tales became the reason for the persecution of Chukovsky that began in the 1930s, the so-called fight against “Chukovism,” initiated by Nadezhda Krupskaya, the wife of Vladimir Lenin. On February 1, 1928, her article “About K. Chukovsky’s Crocodile” was published in the Pravda newspaper. On March 14, Maxim Gorky spoke in defense of Chukovsky on the pages of Pravda with his “Letter to the Editor.” In December 1929, in the Literary Gazette, Korney Chukovsky publicly renounced his fairy tales and promised to create a collection of “Merry Collective Farms”. He was depressed by the event and after that he could not write for a long time. By his own admission, from that time on he turned from an author to an editor. The campaign of persecution of Chukovsky because of fairy tales was resumed in 1944 and 1946 - critical articles were published about “Let's overcome Barmaley” (1943) and “Bibigon” (1945).

From 1938 until the end of his life, Korney Chukovsky lived in Moscow and at his dacha in Peredelkino, near Moscow. He left the capital only during the Great Patriotic War, from October 1941 to 1943, evacuating to Tashkent.

In Moscow, Chukovsky published children's fairy tales "The Stolen Sun" (1945), "Bibigon" (1945), "Thanks to Aibolit" (1955), "Fly in the Bath" (1969). For children of primary school age, Chukovsky retold the ancient Greek myth of Perseus and translated English folk songs ("Barabek", "Jenny", "Kotausi and Mausi" and others). In Chukovsky's retelling, children became acquainted with "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen" by Erich Raspe, "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe, and "The Little Rag" by James Greenwood. Chukovsky translated Kipling's fairy tales, works by Mark Twain ("Tom Sawyer" and "Huckleberry Finn"), Gilbert Chesterton, O. Henry ("Kings and Cabbages", stories).

Devoting a lot of time to literary translation, Chukovsky wrote the research work “The Art of Translation” (1936), later revised into “High Art” (1941), expanded editions of which were published in 1964 and 1968.

Fascinated by English-language literature, Chukovsky explored the detective genre, which was gaining momentum in the first half of the 20th century. He read a lot of detective stories, copied out especially good passages from them, and “collected” methods of murder. He was the first in Russia to talk about the emerging phenomenon of mass culture, citing as an example the detective genre in literature and cinema in the article “Nat Pinkerton and Modern Literature” (1908).

Korney Chukovsky was a historian and researcher of the work of the poet Nikolai Nekrasov. He owns the books “Stories about Nekrasov” (1930) and “The Mastery of Nekrasov” (1952), published dozens of articles about the Russian poet, and found hundreds of Nekrasov’s lines banned by censorship. Articles about Vasily Sleptsov, Nikolai Uspensky, Avdotya Panayeva, Alexander Druzhinin are devoted to the era of Nekrasov.

Treating language as a living being, Chukovsky in 1962 wrote a book “Alive as Life” about the Russian language, in which he described several problems of modern speech, the main disease of which he called “clericalism” - a word invented by Chukovsky, denoting the contamination of the language with bureaucratic cliches.

The famous and recognized writer Korney Chukovsky, as a thinking person, did not accept many things in Soviet society. In 1958, Chukovsky was the only Soviet writer to congratulate Boris Pasternak on being awarded the Nobel Prize. He was one of the first to discover Solzhenitsyn, the first in the world to write an admiring review of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, and gave the writer shelter when he fell into disgrace. In 1964, Chukovsky worked in defense of the poet Joseph Brodsky, who was put on trial for “parasitism.”

In 1957, Korney Chukovsky was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Philology, and in 1962 - the honorary title of Doctor of Literature from Oxford University.

Chukovsky was awarded the Order of Lenin, three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor and medals. In 1962, he was awarded the Lenin Prize for his book “The Mastery of Nekrasov.”

Korney Chukovsky died in Moscow on October 28, 1969. The writer is buried at the Peredelkinskoye cemetery.

On May 25, 1903, Chukovsky married Maria Borisovna Goldfeld (1880-1955). The Chukovsky couple had four children - Nikolai, Lydia, Boris and Maria. Eleven-year-old Maria died in 1931 from tuberculosis, Boris died in 1942 near Moscow during the Great Patriotic War.

Chukovsky's eldest son Nikolai (1904-1965) was also a writer. He is the author of biographical stories about James Cook, Jean La Perouse, Ivan Kruzenshtern, the novel "Baltic Sky" about the defenders of besieged Leningrad, psychological stories and short stories, translations.

Daughter Lydia (1907-1996) - writer and human rights activist, author of the story "Sofya Petrovna" (1939-1940, published in 1988), which is a contemporary testimony about the tragic events of 1937, works about Russian writers, memoirs about Anna Akhmatova, and also works on the theory and practice of editorial art.

The material was prepared based on information from open sources.

Larisa Nikishina

Anniversary Korney Chukovsky

March 31, 2012 will mark the 130th anniversary of the birth of the wonderful children's writer Cornea Ivanovich Chukovsky, the author of many fairy tales that we remember by heart.

We need to prepare for the anniversary in advance. Exhibitions, classes, newspapers - all this takes time, and we have it. There are still 30 days until March 31st. After all, we will definitely talk with our children about the creativity of everyone’s favorite Korney's grandfathers.

His biography is described in various sources and by himself in an autobiographical story "Silver coat of arms". It says that the name Cornea Ivanovich Chukovsky at birth - Nikolai Vasilievich Korneychukov. His father was Emmanuel Solomonovich Levenson, in whose family his mother lived as a servant Cornea Chukovsky - Poltava peasant Ekaterina Osipovna Korneychuk. The father left them, and the mother moved to Odessa. The writer suffered for many years from the fact that he was "illegitimate". In the fifth grade he was expelled from the gymnasium due to his low origin.

What made the writer, at the stage of certain life achievements and successes, turn to children's creativity?

From the biography: gave impetus to an offer from M. Gorky in 1917 to become the head of the children's department of the publishing house "Sail". Then he began to pay attention to the speech and phrases of small children and record them, studying child psychology. One day Chukovsky had to compile an almanac "Firebird". It was an ordinary editorial job, but it was precisely this that was the reason for the birth of a children's writer. Having written my first children's fairy tales for the almanac "Chick", "Doctor" And "Dog Kingdom", Chukovsky appeared in a completely new light. His work did not go unnoticed. A. M. Gorky decided to publish collections of children's works and asked Chukovsky to write a poem for children for the first collection. At first Chukovsky was very worried that he would not be able to write, since he had never done this before. But chance helped. Returning on the train to St. Petersburg with his sick son, he told him a fairy tale about a crocodile while the wheels clattered. The child listened very carefully. Several days have passed Roots Ivanovich had already forgotten about that episode, and the son remembered everything his father said then by heart. Thus a fairy tale was born "Crocodile", published in 1917. Since then, Chukovsky has become a favorite children's writer.

Chukovsky - father of four children: Nicholas, Lydia, Boris and Maria (Murochka), who died in childhood, to whom many of his children’s poems are dedicated.

His works are based on selfless love for children. He knew and understood them well. The writer managed to preserve in himself that childish spontaneity, which allowed him to draw wonderful verbal words in a language understandable to children and in images close to them. Pictures: familiar and memorable, leading to a fascinating big world without boring moralizing and tedious notations. In my family, these poems have passed through four generations and occupy a prominent place on bookshelves in anticipation of the next.

What is the secret of popularity and "survivability" his children's works?

Who is better "Moidodyra" can he tell children about the importance of personal hygiene without tedious lectures? Great for reinforcing lesson material on cleanliness. "Fedorino grief".

A "Aibolit"? How often today we miss the image of a good wizard in the person of a doctor.

“Glory, glory to Aibolit!

Glory to the good doctors!

"Telephone"- modern and relevant, even, thanks to cell phones, more modern and relevant than in the time of Chukovsky.

"And such rubbish

All day:

Ding-dee-lazy,

Ding-dee-lazy,

Ding-dee-lazy!

Either the seal will call, or the deer.”

Familiar situation, right?

"Cockroach"– easily and simply helps to cope with childhood fears, shows how you can create an object of fear out of the blue, turn a small cockroach into a huge giant, dispel horror and panic. The problem is solved by a little sparrow that instantly ate "problem". It turns out everything is simple and not scary at all.

"Stolen Sun"– the problem is more serious, but also solvable. The main thing is not to sit still and whine, but to look for solutions and act. And it wouldn’t hurt for adults to re-read and understand the essence.

We can talk for a long time about "childish" the writer's work. It carries within itself the eternal concepts of goodness and justice; it is sincere, truthful and immediate, like childhood itself.

Let's re-read the writer's wonderful works again, take the best from them and pass them on to our children:

“Long live scented soap,

And a fluffy towel..."

Long live the great children's writer and psychologist Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky!

Esther Khorolskaya

http://shkolazhizni.ru/archive/0/n-44992/

I looked through a lot of material, I’ll leave links, maybe will be of interest:

http://www.odinklik.ru/site.aspx?site=korney_chukovsky

http://www.rp-net.ru/book/vystavki/korney.php

http://chukovskiy.startpad.ru/#

Biography and episodes of life Korney Chukovsky. When born and died Korney Chukovsky, memorable places and dates of important events of his life. Quotes from a literary critic, writer, publicist, Photo and video.

Years of life of Korney Chukovsky:

born March 19, 1882, died October 28, 1969

Epitaph

Your path was bright, impeccable, bright,
He illuminated our lives for centuries,
You immortalized your memory
Because of how talentedly and sincerely he created.

Biography

He was expelled from the gymnasium in the fifth grade - due to his low origin. That did not stop him from learning English and French on his own, becoming a journalist, translator, literary critic and, finally, a great children's writer. The biography of Korney Chukovsky is the life story of an amazing person, incredibly talented, kind and sincere. Such were the books of Chukovsky, which are still loved by children of any age.

Chukovsky was born in Odessa - he was an illegitimate child; a Poltava peasant woman gave birth to him and Chukovsky’s sister, Maria, from the son of a family in which she served as a maid. Soon Chukovsky’s father left the family and married a woman from his circle. Since Chukovsky did not have a middle name, when he started writing books, he took a pseudonym for himself, calling himself Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky instead of Nikolai Korneichuk. After the revolution, this name also found its way into the author’s official documents. The future children's writer was very worried about the absence of his father. Perhaps this is why he himself was able to become such a sensitive and loving dad. And thanks to this, he wrote such wonderful and kind works.

But Chukovsky did not begin his literary career as an author of children's fairy tales. He worked as a journalist for a long time, traveled a lot around Europe as part of his job, translated English poets and writers, and wrote many literary works, for example, about Alexander Blok, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Anton Chekhov, Fyodor Dostoevsky. He began writing for children when he was already quite well known in literary circles. For some time, Chukovsky had to deal with condemnation of his works for children, saying that behind the beautiful rhymes there was some kind of nonsense and dregs, even the derogatory term “Chukovism” appeared. For several years, Chukovsky said goodbye to writing for children, having a hard time experiencing such an attitude, as well as his own personal tragedies - the death of his daughter Murochka and son Boris, the shooting of the husband of his second daughter, Lydia.

Real recognition and popular love came to Chukovsky in the last years of his life. At that time he lived in a dacha in Peredelkino, organizing get-togethers for local children and meeting various celebrities who wanted to come and chat with the great writer. Chukovsky's death occurred on October 28, 1969; the cause of Chukovsky's death was viral hepatitis. Literary critic Yulian Oksman, who was present at Chukovsky’s funeral, begins his memories of that day with the words: “The last person who was still in any way embarrassed has died.” Korney Chukovsky was buried at the Peredelkinskoye cemetery, where Boris Pasternak’s grave is also located. At the dacha where the writer lived in recent years, today there is a house-museum of Chukovsky.

Life line

March 19, 1882. Date of birth of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (real name Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov).
1901 First publications in the newspaper “Odessa News”.
May 26, 1903 Marriage to Maria Goldfeld, trip to London as a correspondent for Odessa News.
1904 Birth of son Nikolai.
1906 Transfer to the Finnish town of Kuokkala (now the village of Repino).
1907 Birth of daughter Lydia, publication of translations of Walt Whitman.
1910 Birth of son Boris.
1916 Chukovsky’s compilation of the collection “Yolka”, writing “Crocodile”.
1920 Birth of daughter Maria (Murochka).
1923 Release of Chukovsky's fairy tales "Moidodyr" and "Cockroach".
1931 Death of Chukovsky's daughter, Maria.
1933 Release of a book about children's verbal creativity “From Two to Five”.
1942 Death of Chukovsky's son, Boris.
1955 Death of Chukovsky's wife.
October 28, 1969 Date of death of Chukovsky.
October 31, 1969 Funeral of Chukovsky.

Memorable places

1. Chukovsky’s house in childhood in Odessa.
2. Chukovsky’s house since 1887 in Odessa.
3. Chukovsky’s house since 1904 in Odessa.
4. Chukovsky’s house in 1905-1906. in St. Petersburg.
5. Chukovsky’s house in 1917-1919. in St. Petersburg.
6. Chukovsky’s house in Moscow, where today there is a memorial plaque in memory of Chukovsky.
7. Chukovsky House-Museum in Peredelkino.
8. Children's Library named after. K.I. Chukovsky in Kyiv, opened at the dacha where the writer vacationed in 1938-1969.
9. Peredelkinskoye cemetery, where Chukovsky is buried.

Episodes of life

Korney Chukovsky, better known in wide circles as a children's writer, was very worried about such fame. He once admitted in his heart that all his work was so overshadowed by “Moidodyr” and “Tsokotukha Fly” that one got the feeling that he never wrote anything else at all.

One day Gagarin came to Chukovsky’s dacha. The writer extended his hand to the astronaut when they met, but instead of shaking it, he kissed it. By that time, Gagarin had already flown around the globe; there was no more famous person in the whole world than our cosmonaut, but Chukovsky still remained for him his favorite children's poet, whom he admired.

Chukovsky treated his wife very tenderly. When she was gone, he continued to talk with Maria, telling her all the news. A few months after the death of his wife, Chukovsky wrote to Oksman: “This grief completely crushed me. I’m not writing anything (for the first time in my life!), I’m wandering around restless.” In his diary, he wrote that he was in a hurry to visit his wife’s grave, as if on a love date. “And one more thing: when your wife dies, with whom you lived inseparably for half a century, suddenly the last years are forgotten and she appears before you in all the bloom of youth, femininity - a bride, a young mother - you forget your gray hair, and you see what nonsense - time, what it is powerless nonsense,” admitted Chukovsky.

Covenant

"A children's writer should be happy."

Documentary film about Korney Chukovsky

Condolences

“Korney Ivanovich was the brightest, most worthy representative of the Russian intelligentsia in its greatest, deepest traditions.”
Varlam Shalamov, Russian prose writer, poet

“With all his activities, Chukovsky showed that, in contrast to gloomy, self-satisfied, boastful ignorance, culture is always cheerful, open to new impressions, benevolent and modest. Culture is a continuous celebration of enrichment, recognition, and the joy of spiritual life. But culture is also memory. Ignorance tends to forget, culture does not forget, and in this it is akin to conscience.”
Yuri Lotman, literary critic, cultural scientist

Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky(birth name - Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov, March 19 (31), 1882, St. Petersburg - October 28, 1969, Moscow) - Russian and Soviet poet, publicist, critic, also translator and literary critic, known primarily for children's fairy tales in verse and prose. Father of writers Nikolai Korneevich Chukovsky and Lydia Korneevna Chukovskaya.

Origin

Nikolai Korneychukov was born on March 31, 1882 in St. Petersburg. The frequently encountered date of his birth, April 1, appeared due to an error during the transition to a new style (13 days were added, not 12, as should be the case for the 19th century).
The writer suffered for many years from the fact that he was “illegitimate.” His father was Emmanuel Solomonovich Levenson, in whose family Korney Chukovsky’s mother, Poltava peasant Ekaterina Osipovna Korneychuk, lived as a servant.
The father left them, and the mother moved to Odessa. There the boy was sent to a gymnasium, but in the fifth grade he was expelled due to his low origin. He described these events in his autobiographical story “The Silver Coat of Arms.”
The patronymic “Vasilievich” was given to Nikolai by his godfather. From the beginning of his literary activity, Korneychukov, who had long been burdened by his illegitimacy (as can be seen from his diary of the 1920s), used the pseudonym “Korney Chukovsky,” which was later supplemented by a fictitious patronymic, “Ivanovich.” After the revolution, the combination “Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky” became his real name, patronymic and surname.
His children - Nikolai, Lydia, Boris and Maria (Murochka), who died in childhood, to whom many of their father's children's poems are dedicated - bore (at least after the revolution) the surname Chukovsky and the patronymic Korneevich / Korneevna.

Journalistic activity before the revolution

Since 1901, Chukovsky began writing articles in Odessa News. Chukovsky was introduced to literature by his close friend at school, journalist Vladimir Jabotinsky, who later became an outstanding political figure in the Zionist movement. Jabotinsky was also the groom's guarantor at the wedding of Chukovsky and Maria Borisovna Goldfeld.
Then in 1903 Chukovsky was sent as a correspondent to London, where he became thoroughly acquainted with English literature.
Returning to Russia during the revolution of 1905, Chukovsky was captured by revolutionary events, visited the battleship Potemkin, and began publishing the satirical magazine Signal in St. Petersburg. Among the magazine's authors were such famous writers as Kuprin, Fyodor Sologub and Teffi. After the fourth issue, he was arrested for lese majeste. Fortunately for Korney Ivanovich, he was defended by the famous lawyer Gruzenberg, who achieved an acquittal.

Chukovsky (seated left) in Ilya Repin's studio, Kuokkala, November 1910. Repin reads a message about Tolstoy's death. An unfinished portrait of Chukovsky is visible on the wall. Photo by Karl Bulla.

In 1906, Korney Ivanovich arrived in the Finnish town of Kuokkala (now Repino, Leningrad region), where he became close acquaintances with the artist Ilya Repin and the writer Korolenko. It was Chukovsky who convinced Repin to take his writing seriously and prepare a book of memoirs, “Distant Close.” Chukovsky lived in Kuokkala for about 10 years. From the combination of the words Chukovsky and Kuokkala, “Chukokkala” (invented by Repin) is formed - the name of the handwritten humorous almanac that Korney Ivanovich kept until the last days of his life.

In 1907, Chukovsky published translations of Walt Whitman. The book became popular, which increased Chukovsky's fame in the literary community. Chukovsky becomes an influential critic, trashes tabloid literature (articles about Anastasia Verbitskaya, Lydia Charskaya, “Nat Pinkerton”, etc.), wittily defends futurists - both in articles and in public lectures - from the attacks of traditional criticism (he met Mayakovsky in Kuokkala and later became friends with him), although the futurists themselves are not always grateful to him for this; develops his own recognizable style (reconstruction of the psychological appearance of the writer based on numerous quotes from him).

In 1916, Chukovsky and a delegation from the State Duma visited England again. In 1917, Patterson’s book “With the Jewish Detachment at Gallipoli” (about the Jewish Legion in the British Army) was published, edited and with a foreword by Chukovsky.

After the revolution, Chukovsky continued to engage in criticism, publishing his two most famous books about the work of his contemporaries - “The Book about Alexander Blok” (“Alexander Blok as a Man and Poet”) and “Akhmatova and Mayakovsky.” The circumstances of the Soviet era turned out to be ungrateful for critical activity, and Chukovsky had to “bury” this talent of his, which he later regretted.

Literary criticism

Since 1917, Chukovsky sat down to work for many years on Nekrasov, his favorite poet. Through his efforts, the first Soviet collection of Nekrasov’s poems was published. Chukovsky completed work on it only in 1926, having revised a lot of manuscripts and provided the texts with scientific comments.
In addition to Nekrasov, Chukovsky studied the biography and work of a number of other writers of the 19th century (Chekhov, Dostoevsky, Sleptsov), and participated in the preparation of text and editing of many publications. Chukovsky considered Chekhov to be the writer closest to himself in spirit.

Children's poems

The passion for children's literature, which made Chukovsky famous, began relatively late, when he was already a famous critic. In 1916, Chukovsky compiled the collection “Yolka” and wrote his first fairy tale “Crocodile”.
In 1923 his famous fairy tales “Moidodyr” and “Cockroach” were published.
Chukovsky had another passion in his life - studying the psyche of children and how they master speech. He recorded his observations of children and their verbal creativity in the book “From Two to Five” in 1933.
“All my other works are overshadowed to such an extent by my children’s fairy tales that in the minds of many readers, except for “Moidodyrs” and “Mukh-Tsokotukh”, I wrote nothing at all.”

Other works

In the 1930s. Chukovsky deals a lot with the theory of literary translation (“The Art of Translation” of 1936, republished before the start of the war, in 1941, under the title “High Art”) and translations into Russian themselves (M. Twain, O. Wilde, R. Kipling, etc. , including in the form of “retellings” for children).
He begins to write memoirs, which he worked on until the end of his life (“Contemporaries” in the “ZhZL” series).

Chukovsky and the Bible for children

In the 1960s, K. Chukovsky started retelling the Bible for children. He attracted writers and literary figures to this project and carefully edited their work. The project itself was very difficult due to the anti-religious position of the Soviet government. The book entitled “The Tower of Babel and Other Ancient Legends” was published by the publishing house “Children's Literature” in 1968. However, the entire circulation was destroyed by the authorities. The first book publication available to the reader took place in 1990. In 2001, the publishing houses “Rosman” and “Dragonfly” began publishing the book under the title “The Tower of Babel and Other Biblical Legends.”

Last years

In recent years, Chukovsky has been a popular favorite, a laureate of a number of state prizes and orders, and at the same time maintained contacts with dissidents (Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Joseph Brodsky, the Litvinovs, his daughter Lydia was also a prominent human rights activist). At his dacha in Peredelkino, where he lived permanently in recent years, he organized meetings with local children, talked with them, read poetry, and invited famous people, famous pilots, artists, writers, and poets to meetings. Peredelkino children, who have long since become adults, still remember these childhood gatherings at Chukovsky’s dacha.
Korney Ivanovich died on October 28, 1969 from viral hepatitis. At the dacha in Peredelkino, where the writer lived most of his life, his museum now operates.
From the memoirs of Yu.G. Oksman:

Lidia Korneevna Chukovskaya submitted in advance to the Board of the Moscow branch of the Writers' Union a list of those whom her father asked not to invite to the funeral. This is probably why Ark is not visible. Vasilyev and other Black Hundreds from literature. Very few Muscovites came to say goodbye: there was not a single line in the newspapers about the upcoming funeral service. There are few people, but, as at the funeral of Ehrenburg, Paustovsky, the police - darkness. In addition to uniforms, there are many “boys” in civilian clothes, with gloomy, contemptuous faces.

He was buried there, in the cemetery in Peredelkino.

Family
Wife (since May 26, 1903) - Maria Borisovna Chukovskaya (nee Maria Aron-Berovna Goldfeld, 1880-1955).
Daughter - writer Lydia Korneevna Chukovskaya (1907-1996). Her first husband was the literary critic and literary historian Caesar Samoilovich Volpe (1904-1941), her second was the physicist and popularizer of science Matvey Petrovich Bronstein (1906-1938).
Granddaughter - literary critic, chemist Elena Tsesarevna Chukovskaya (born 1931).
Daughter - Maria Korneevna Chukovskaya (1920-1931), the heroine of children's poems and father's stories.
Grandson - cinematographer Evgeny Borisovich Chukovsky (1937 - 1997).
Nephew - mathematician Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin (1919-1984).

Addresses in St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad

August 1905-1906 - Academichesky Lane, 5;
1906 - autumn 1917 - apartment building - Kolomenskaya street, 11;
autumn 1917-1919 - apartment building I.E. Kuznetsova - Zagorodny Avenue, 27;
1919-1938 - apartment building - Manezhny Lane, 6.

Awards

Chukovsky was awarded the Order of Lenin (1957), three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, as well as medals. In 1962, he was awarded the Lenin Prize in the USSR, and in Great Britain he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Literature Honoris causa from the University of Oxford.

List of works

Fairy tales

Aibolit (1929)
English folk songs
Barmaley (1925)
Stolen sun
Crocodile (1916)
Moidodyr (1923)
Fly-Tsokotukha (1924)
Let's defeat Barmaley! (1942)
The Adventures of Bibigon (1945-1946)
Confusion (1926)
Kingdom of Dogs (1912)
Cockroach (1921)
Telephone (1926)
Toptygin and Lisa (1934)
Toptygin and Luna
Fedorino grief (1926)
Chick
What did Mura do when they read the fairy tale “The Miracle Tree” to her?
Miracle Tree (1924)
Adventures of a white mouse

Poems for children
Glutton
Elephant reads
Zakalyaka
Piglet
Hedgehogs laugh
Sandwich
Fedotka
Turtle
Pigs
Garden
Song about poor boots
camel
Tadpoles
Bebeka
Joy
Great-great-great-grandchildren
Christmas tree
Fly in the bath

Stories
Solar
Silver coat of arms

Works on translation
Principles of Literary Translation (1919, 1920)
The Art of Translation (1930, 1936)
High Art (1941, 1964, 1966)

Preschool education
From two to five

Memories
Memories of Repin
Yuri Tynyanov
Boris Zhitkov
Irakli Andronikov

Articles
Alive as life
To the eternally youthful question
The story of my "Aibolit"
How was “Tsokotukha Fly” written?
Confessions of an old storyteller
Chukokkala page
About Sherlock Holmes
Hospital No. 11

Editions of essays
Korney Chukovsky. Collected works in six volumes. M., Publishing house "Fiction", 1965-1969.
Korney Chukovsky. Collected works in 15 volumes. M., Terra - Book Club", 2008.

Selected Quotes

My phone rang.
- Who's talking?
- Elephant.
- Where?
- From a camel... - PHONE

I need to wash my face
In the mornings and evenings,
And to unclean chimney sweeps -
Shame and disgrace! Shame and disgrace!.. - MOIDODYR

Small children! No way

In Africa there are sharks, in Africa there are gorillas,
There are big angry crocodiles in Africa
They will bite you, beat you and offend you, -
Don't go for a walk in Africa, children!
In Africa there is a robber, in Africa there is a villain,
In Africa there is a terrible Barmaley... - BARMALEY

The real name of the Russian Soviet writer, poet, translator and literary critic Korney Chukovsky is Nikolai Korneychukov. His biography begins in the capital of the Russian Empire, St. Petersburg, where the future writer was born on March 31, 1882.

The pseudonym “Korney Chukovsky,” as you might guess, is an anagram of the surname “Korneychukov.” But the real mystery is the writer’s true middle name. Before “Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky” became his official last name, first name and patronymic, Nikolai, whenever he needed to fill out documents, indicated a different middle name: either Ivanovich, then Vasilyevich, then Evgenievich. One could turn to the birth certificate - but Nikolai Korneychukov does not have a patronymic name on it! According to the laws of pre-revolutionary Russia, this meant that the child’s parents were not married, and the baby was born out of wedlock. Nikolai was very complex about the circumstances of his birth, as evidenced by his diary entries: “When the children talked about their fathers, grandfathers, grandmothers, I just blushed, hesitated, lied, confused... It was especially painful for me at the age of 16-17, when the young people begin to be called by their first and patronymic names. I remember how clownishly I asked even when we first met - already with a mustache - just call me Kolya.”

We can confidently assume that this is where the origins of Chukovsky’s love and attention to children are located, especially to very young ones. Having not received enough fatherly attention in childhood, he gave it to the kids from the bottom of his heart. With his wife, a native of Odessa Maria, Korney Chukovsky (then he already bore this name) fathered four children; called them “little beavers” and became for them the very father that he himself was deprived of in childhood.

However, first things first.

As a child, Chukovsky (we will call him by his usual surname) lived in Odessa and studied at the local gymnasium. The boy seriously engaged in self-education, in particular, he learned English himself.

The literary biography of Korney Chukovsky begins in 1901 with the first publications in the newspaper “Odessa News”; in 1903-1904 As a correspondent for this newspaper, Chukovsky lived in London. Returning from there to Russia, Chukovsky worked in the magazine “Scales”, and then organized the satirical magazine “Signal”.

Out of habit, many people think that the biography of Korney Chukovsky is the biography of a children’s poet, the author of “The Tsocking Fly,” “Telephone” and “Cockroach.” In reality this is, of course, not the case. In particular, for publishing anti-government materials, Korney Chukovsky was sentenced to six months in prison.

By the middle of the first decade of the twentieth century, Korney Chukovsky gained fame as a literary critic. In 1912, the writer settled in the Finnish town of Kuokkala, where he became friends with I. Repin, V. Korolenko, L. Andreev, A. Tolstoy, V. Mayakovsky. From their autographs he created a kind of album - “Chukokkala”. In 1916, Chukovsky headed the children's department of the Parus publishing house.

Chukovsky began writing his famous children's poetic fairy tales already in the 20s. XX century; of these, only “Crocodile” was created earlier than the others (in 1916); “Moidodyr” was written in 1923, “Tsokotukha Fly” - in 1924, “Barmaley” - in 1925, “Aibolit” - in 1929, etc.

As for the biography of Korney Chukovsky, a critic, during these years he studied the poetry of T. Shevchenko, the literature of the 1860s, the biography and work of A.P. Chekhov (Korney Chukovsky’s book “About Chekhov” was published in 1967), works on the legacy of N. Nekrasov.

By the end of the 20s. XX century Korney Chukovsky's work in the field of children's literature led him to the study of children's speech. In 1928, Chukovsky published the book “Little Children,” which later received the title “From Two to Five.”

At the same time, Chukovsky also works as an “adult” linguist (later, in 1962, he published a book about the Russian language, “Alive as Life” (1962).

As a translator, Chukovsky discovered W. Whitman, R. Kipling, and O. Wilde for the Russian reader. Translated M. Twain, G. Chesterton, O. Henry, A. K. Doyle, W. Shakespeare, wrote retellings of the works of D. Defoe, R. E. Raspe, J. Greenwood for children. Chukovsky also created a series of books on the craft of translation - “Principles of Literary Translation” (1919), “The Art of Translation” (1930, 1936), “High Art” (1941, 1968).

Until the end of his life, the writer worked on his memoirs. “Diaries 1901-1969” were published posthumously, which make it possible to get a complete picture of the biography of Korney Chukovsky.