Western European Middle Ages presentation. Western European Middle Ages

When studying the topic, you need to pay attention to the following questions:

Ancient man is part of an eternal, harmonious world. The main virtues of antiquity are justice, wisdom, courage.

Buddhism – 6th century BC India. Siddhartha Gautama (623 – 544 BC) Four noble truths: 1. life is suffering;

Christianity – 1st century BC in the eastern part of the Roman Empire - Palestine. Later, three trends emerged in Christianity:

Literary sources for the study of early Christianity are:

Islam (submission, humility) - 7th century AD in Arabia. Muslims are “faithful”, “submissive to Allah”

Early Middle Ages. Pre-Romanesque period.

Theodoric (493 – 529)

Scholasticism (from the Latin Schola - school) is the dominant direction of medieval philosophy, which sought to theoretically justify

Architecture, applied and fine arts of barbarian peoples.

Roman catacombs - underground burial places of the first Christians

The architecture of the early Middle Ages had a cult character. The main buildings are temples and monasteries. Two types of buildings -

Monastery of Saint Riquier.

Book miniature.

Music and literature.

Literature:

Mature Middle Ages. Romanesque period.

Architecture. Roman style.

The Romanesque temple in the form of a Latin cross personified the model of the world and reflected the Catholic idea of ​​the “way of the cross” of suffering and

St. Michael's Church in Hildesheim. Germany. XI century.

Pisa architectural ensemble.

Castle Krak - de Chevalier in Syria.

Wartburg Castle in Germany. XI-XIV centuries

Fine, applied and musical entertainment arts.

Bronze doors in the Church of St. Michael in Hildesheim. Germany.

Romance literature:

Western European Middle Ages. Development of the feudal system. General history

The concept of the Middle Ages: The period between antiquity and modern times 476 (the fall of the Western Roman Empire. - By the 15th century, the beginning of the Great Geographical Discoveries.)

Periodization: Early Middle Ages - 4th - 9th centuries Heyday of the Middle Ages - 9th - 13th centuries Late Middle Ages - 13th - 15th centuries

Sources: “Salic Truth” “Annals of the Saint-Berteng Monastery” “Life of Charlemagne” Eingard the epic “Beowulf” “The Tale of the Nibelungs”

The Great Migration of Peoples of the VI-VII centuries. completion of the migration of peoples. The Huns, Germans, Slavs, Hungarians, and Arabs came to Europe. The expansion of the Scandinavian peoples continued until the 12th century.

Frankish Kingdom 800-843 Charles Martell created a system of benefits. Benefice = feud (land plot) Land plot issued for service

Empire of Charlemagne 800-843

Feudal society: praying working fighting

"Feudal ladder" vassal of my vassal not my vassal lord - "senior"

A sign of a feudal society is corporatism. Knightly orders Monastic brotherhoods Craft guilds City communes Unions of cities Merchant guilds Rural communities Fellowships and sects

feudal lords FEEUDAL, in the era of feudalism, a land owner (owner of a fief), exploiting the peasants dependent on him.

Peasants

Residents of the city - artisans marking workshops

Knights Ritter-rider The future knight received a special knightly education from a very early age. At the age of 21, knighting took place, which was a complex ritual action (taking the sacrament, ablution, kneeling before the master, demonstrating the ability to wield a spear, etc.). A full-fledged knight received homage

Knights code of chivalry: courage, honesty, generosity, generosity, hospitality, courtesy, devotion to duty, nobility towards women.

Knight's Armament

Myths about a beautiful lady

Punishment of knights A warrior convicted of treason or other grave and unworthy of his rank sin was demoted and shamefully expelled from noble society and the country, if he survived at all. At such a sad ceremony, as a rule, all representatives of the knightly class, as well as the church synod, were present. The condemned man was publicly led to the scaffold, where the knight's inverted shield was already hanging on the pillory. All the armor was removed from the criminal one by one, and he was deprived of titles, awards and estates. Then the clergy consigned him to eternal damnation and buried him alive, depriving him of his name and status. This was followed by the death penalty or, at best, exile. The shame that the demoted and cursed knight brought upon himself spread over several generations of his family.

Knight tournaments

Knightly tournaments Lists - battle of 2 knightly detachments Jostra - battle of two knights Bagardo - ceremonial departure of one knight to demonstrate dexterity and bearing

Castle-dwelling of the feudal lord

Castle-dwelling of a feudal lord CASTLE, fortified dwelling of a feudal lord. Castles of Europe, Middle East, Caucasus, Wed. Asia were built in well-protected places; the main tower (donjon, keshk) was surrounded by ramparts, ditches, and walls. Severe, powerful castles from the 11th-12th centuries.

became more picturesque, free in layout, from the 13th-14th centuries. turn into complex complexes of buildings and, finally, into palace ensembles.

The principle of vassal-seigneurial relations: “The vassal of my vassal is not my vassal”

Consolidation: 1. the basis for obtaining a fief 2. senior in Latin 3. the main quality of a knight 4. the meaning of the word vassal 5. Vassal of the Duke 6. A brief statement about the character of a knight 7. lord of a baron 8. land ownership

Periodization: Early Middle Ages - 4th - 9th centuries Heyday of the Middle Ages - 9th - 13th centuries Late Middle Ages - centuries

Frankish Kingdom Charles Martell created a system of benefits. Benefice = feud (land plot) Land plot issued for service

Empire of Charlemagne

Punishment of knights A warrior convicted of treason or other grave and unworthy of his rank sin was demoted and shamefully expelled from noble society and the country, if he survived at all. At such a sad ceremony, as a rule, all representatives of the knightly class, as well as the church synod, were present. The condemned man was publicly led to the scaffold, where the knight's inverted shield was already hanging on the pillory. All the armor was removed from the criminal one by one, and he was deprived of titles, awards and estates. Then the clergy consigned him to eternal damnation and buried him alive, depriving him of his name and status. This was followed by the death penalty or, at best, exile. The shame that the demoted and cursed knight brought upon himself spread over several generations of his family.

CASTLE, fortified dwelling of a feudal lord. Castles of Europe, Middle East, Caucasus, Wed. Asia were built in well-protected places; the main tower (donjon, keshk) was surrounded by ramparts, ditches, and walls. Severe, powerful castles from centuries. become more picturesque, free in layout, from centuries. turn into complex complexes of buildings and, finally, into palace ensembles.
Consolidation: 1. the basis for obtaining a fief 2. senior in Latin 3. the main quality of a knight 4. the meaning of the word vassal 5. Vassal of the Duke 6. A brief statement about the character of a knight 7. lord of a baron 8. land ownership

Western European Middle Ages Gothic architecture

Municipal Autonomous

educational institution Lyceum No. 1 named after. A. S. Pushkin, Tomsk

Completed by: art teacher

Maksimova Nadezhda

Nikolaevna

History of origin

• Gothic architecture originated in northern France in the mid-12th century.
• The godfather of the Gothic style is considered to be the influential and powerful Abbot Suger, who in 1135-44. rebuilt the basilica of the Abbey of Saint-Denis in a new style. It is traditionally believed that the Gothic era in Europe began with this building.

• The term “Gothic” itself arose in modern times as a contemptuous designation for everything introduced into European art by the barbarian Goths. The term emphasized the radical difference between medieval architecture and the style of Ancient Rome.

• From France, the Gothic style burst into England and Germany. And then it spread to many Catholic countries in Europe. But it was France, England and Germany that played the main role in the history of Gothic architecture.

England recognized Gothic as a national style, complementing it over time, but without changing the basic principles.

England's main Gothic cathedral is Canterbury, a national shrine.

• German Gothic architecture is not inferior to the Gothic architecture of France. She is chic and light. An excellent example of this is Cologne Cathedral - one of the largest beautiful Gothic cathedrals in the world.

• The essence of the Gothic design was the frame ceiling of the building. This design removed the load from the walls, making it possible to cover almost their entire plane with window openings glazed with colored stained glass. As a result, the space of the Gothic cathedral became lighter.

• The only massive part of the temple Gothic building is the main facade, on which there were two huge towers, turning into a thin spire. Gothic cathedrals are very elegant and richly decorated.

• The base of the building is constructed from rectangular cells called grasses. The grasses are limited by four pillars and arches, together with the arched ribs forming the skeleton of the cross vault, which in turn is filled with small light vaults.

description

Description

• Soaring columns and spiers, decorated with carved stone laces, seem to be lost in the sky, absorbed in the haze of clouds. The gigantic dimensions of the facade create a feeling of outer space. The sharpness, subtlety and grace of the forms give the building a special lightness and airiness. The silhouette of the building seems to be ready to lift off the ground and soar.

• The main feature of this architectural style was the Gothic rose, which adorned the round window located above the main entrance to the temple.

Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris is a masterpiece of early French Gothic architecture.

Literary sources:

Danilova G.I. World Art. From origins to the 17th century. 10 grades Basic level: textbook. for general education institutions. – M.: Bustard, 2009. – 366

Internet resources:

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1 %8F_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0

www.firstudio.net/a1/for_customer/gothic.php‎

lifeglobe.net/blogs/details?id=645‎

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Quiz "Middle Ages"