When they say "Great" Patriotic War“I see a picture of battles and fierce battles; pain - physical from wounds, and mental, which torments people who lost their loved ones at that time. But what does war mean for modern society? How do today's people feel about veterans, about the memory of great battles and about universal heroes? This is exactly what L. Matros makes the reader think about with his text.
Speaking about this problem, the author regretfully admits that the war years are fading into the distance from the memory of modern times and “in the external attributes everyday life“Everything that reminds of her gradually disappears.” And he is right, because a new generation is growing up, which, alas, is not interested in “problems of the past”; they are much more interested in thinking about today. More and more often we are faced with a situation where modern generation The Great Patriotic War becomes just an echo from the past, which is mentioned in history textbooks. It’s not for nothing that Sailor considers the topic of victory especially relevant these days, because Great Victory showed “how powerful and invincible the people of the Earth are when they are guided by the wisdom of finding ways to unite the forces of good and humanism against evil and misanthropy.”
I completely share the author’s view, his pain is close to me. I also believe that the topic people's memory very relevant in current time, when in the world we face a lot of troubles every day. Based on this, I believe that it is impossible to raise a full-fledged person without teaching him to respect his ancestors and the history of the country
The Great Patriotic War created an entire poetic anthology of the era. The importance of people's memory has been emphasized more than once in the works of talented writers. In this way they showed us that these events are sacred for the entire people. We must remember those who died and treat veterans with respect.
Let us recall, at least, “Obelisk” by Vasil Bykov, where the feat of the teacher, shot by the Nazis, was not forgotten.
Also, for example, one can recall Kondratiev’s story “Sashka”.
Speaking about this work, one cannot ignore such concepts as courage, honor, courage and courage. It was these qualities that he possessed main character stories. Sashka. Although this hero is still very young, he takes his profession very seriously.
The events of those years leave no one indifferent. And it is very valuable that over time we do not turn into mankurt slaves from famous legend who do not remember their past.
The main thing is to remember the truly great words of A.S. Pushkin: “Respect for the past is the trait that distinguishes education from savagery.”
S. Alexievich "Uwar is not a woman's face..."
All the heroines of the book had to not only survive the war, but also participate in hostilities. Some were military, others were civilians, partisans.
The narrators feel that having to combine male and female roles is a problem. They solve it as best they can. For example, they dream that their femininity and beauty will be preserved even in death. The warrior-commander of a sapper platoon is trying to embroider in the dugout in the evening. They are happy if they manage to use the services of a hairdresser almost on the front line (story 6). The transition to peaceful life, which was perceived as a return to female role, is also not easy. For example, a participant in the war, even when the war is over, when meeting with a higher rank, she just wants to take it up.
A woman's lot is unheroic. Women's testimonies make it possible to see how enormous the role of “non-heroic” activities, which we all so easily designate as “women’s work,” was during the war. It's about not only about what happened in the rear, where the woman bore the brunt of maintaining the life of the country.
Women are nursing the wounded. They bake bread, cook food, wash soldiers' clothes, fight insects, delivering letters to the front line (story 5). They feed wounded heroes and defenders of the Fatherland, while they themselves suffer greatly from hunger. In military hospitals, the expression “blood relationship” became literal. The women, falling from fatigue and hunger, gave their blood to the wounded heroes, not considering themselves heroes (story 4). They are wounded and killed. As a result of the path traveled, women change not only internally, but also externally; they cannot be the same (it is not for nothing that one of them does not recognize birth mother). Returning to the female role is extremely difficult and proceeds like a disease.
Boris Vasiliev's story "And the dawns here are quiet..."
They all wanted to live, but they died so that people could say: “And the dawns here are quiet...” Quiet dawns cannot be in tune with war, with death. They died, but they won, they didn’t let a single fascist through. They won because they selflessly loved their Motherland.
Zhenya Komelkova is one of the brightest, strongest and most courageous representatives of the female fighters shown in the story. Both the most comic and the most dramatic scenes are associated with Zhenya in the story. Her goodwill, optimism, cheerfulness, self-confidence, and irreconcilable hatred of her enemies involuntarily attract attention to her and arouse admiration. In order to deceive the German saboteurs and force them to take a long road around the river, a small detachment of girl fighters made a noise in the forest, pretending to be lumberjacks. Zhenya Komelkova acted out a stunning scene of carelessly swimming in icy water in full view of the Germans, ten meters from enemy machine guns. IN last minutes Zhenya's life caused fire on herself, just to ward off the threat from the seriously wounded Rita and Fedot Vaskov. She believed in herself, and, leading the Germans away from Osyanina, did not doubt for a moment that everything would end well.
And even when the first bullet hit her in the side, she was simply surprised. After all, it was so stupidly absurd and implausible to die at nineteen...
Courage, composure, humanity, and a high sense of duty to the Motherland distinguish the squad commander, junior sergeant Rita Osyanina. The author, considering the images of Rita and Fedot Vaskov to be central, already in the first chapters talks about past life Osyanina. School evening, meeting Lieutenant Border Guard Osyanin, lively correspondence, registry office. Then - the border outpost. Rita learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and protect herself from gases, the birth of her son, and then... the war. And in the first days of the war she was not at a loss - she saved other people’s children, and soon found out that her husband had died at the outpost on the second day of the war in a counterattack.
More than once they wanted to send her to the rear, but every time she appeared again at the headquarters of the fortified area, finally she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to study at a tank anti-aircraft school.
Zhenya learned to quietly and mercilessly hate her enemies. At the position, she shot down a German balloon and an ejected spotter.
When Vaskov and the girls counted the fascists emerging from the bushes - sixteen instead of the expected two, the foreman said to everyone in a homely manner: “It’s bad, girls, it’s going to happen.”
It was clear to him that they could not hold out for long against the teeth of armed enemies, but then Rita’s firm response: “Well, should we watch them pass by?” - obviously, greatly strengthened Vaskov in the decision taken. Twice Osyanina rescued Vaskov, taking the fire upon herself, and now, having received a mortal wound and knowing the position of the wounded Vaskov, she does not want to be a burden to him, she understands how important it is to bring their common cause to the end, to detain the fascist saboteurs.
“Rita knew that the wound was fatal, that she would die long and difficult”
Sonya Gurvich – “translator”, one of the girls in Vaskov’s group, a “city” girl; as thin as a spring rook.”
The author, talking about Sonya's past life, emphasizes her talent, love for poetry and theater. Boris Vasiliev remembers." The percentage of intelligent girls and students at the front was very large. Most often - freshmen. For them, the war was the most terrible thing... Somewhere among them, my Sonya Gurvich fought.”
And so, wanting to do something nice, like an older, experienced and caring comrade, the foreman, Sonya rushes for a pouch that he had forgotten on a stump in the forest, and dies from a blow from an enemy knife in the chest.
Galina Chetvertak – orphan, pupil orphanage, a dreamer, endowed by nature with a vivid imaginative fantasy. Skinny, little "snotty" Galka did not fit the army standards either in height or age.
When, after the death of her friend, Galka was ordered by the foreman to put on her boots, “she physically, to the point of nausea, felt a knife penetrating the tissue, heard the crunch of torn flesh, felt the heavy smell of blood. And this gave birth to a dull, cast-iron horror...” And enemies lurked nearby, mortal danger loomed.
“The reality that women faced in the war,” says the writer, “was much more difficult than anything they could come up with in the most desperate time of their fantasies. The tragedy of Gali Chetvertak is about this.”
The machine gun struck briefly. With a dozen steps, he hit her thin back, tense from running, and Galya plunged face first into the ground, never removing her hands from her head, clasped in horror.
Everything in the clearing froze.”
Liza Brichkina died while performing a mission. In her haste to get to the crossing point and report on the changed situation, Lisa drowned in the swamp:
The heart of the seasoned fighter, hero-patriot F. Vaskov fills with pain, hatred and brightness, and this strengthens his strength and gives him the opportunity to survive. A single feat - the defense of the Motherland - equates Sergeant Major Vaskov and the five girls who “hold their front, their Russia” on the Sinyukhin Ridge.
This is how another motive of the story arises: everyone on his own sector of the front must do the possible and the impossible for victory, so that the dawns are quiet.
Assignment to essay on the Unified State Exam:
15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War
When arguing your thesis, provide 2 (two) examples-arguments and answers confirming your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.
The essay or composition must be at least 70 words. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points. Write your essay neatly and in legible handwriting.
Example of essay No. 1 on the topic: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.
“War is the greatest disaster that can cause suffering to humanity; it destroys religion, states, families. Any disaster is preferable to it,” said Martin Luther, Christian theologian, initiator of the Reformation, translator of the Bible into German. Indeed, war erases everything that a person brought into this life. Any disaster does not claim as many lives, does not bring as much pain and suffering AS WAR, so people do not forget these terrible years.
The text by Boris Lvovich Vasiliev,..., raises the problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.
The author notes that every year on June twenty-second he comes to Brest old woman. She does not strive for the Brest Fortress. An old woman goes out into the square, where she reads the same inscription on a marble slab, remembering her son.
An example that proves my point is the poem by Olga Bergolts “No one is forgotten - nothing is forgotten.” The lines of this poem are permeated with gratitude to the Russian soldiers who fought and died for the Fatherland. Olga Bergolts urges people to remember what our compatriots had to go through. The author says that every year the whole country “worships the ashes of the murdered” as a sign of respect.
Another example that proves my point is the siege of Leningrad. On July 10, 1941, the Germans attacked Leningrad. Having a numerical and technical advantage, the Germans planned to soon capture the city. Despite this, the Russian people were able to withstand the siege. They never surrendered the city to the enemy. In memory of these years, Leningrad was awarded the title “Hero City”.
Thus, it is important to remember the terrible years of the Great Patriotic War, not to forget what our people had to endure.
Example of essay No. 2 on the topic: The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War.
More than 70 years have passed since the last salvos of the Great Patriotic War died down. But the word “war” still resonates with pain in human hearts. The ninth of May is sacred holiday for all the people of our country.
The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War is heard in the text of the Russian writer B. Vasiliev.
The defense of the Brest Fortress became one of the many legendary pages of that terrible war. The author writes that “The fortress did not fall. The fortress bled to death.” Time has erased the faces of the soldiers who defended the fortress from memory. We don't know all of them by name. But we know one thing: they resisted fascism to the last drop of blood.
Now the Brest Fortress is a museum. Grateful descendants come here to remember those who remained forever lying on this earth and to bow to them.
Every year, on June 22, an old woman comes to Brest. She lays flowers at the marble slab on which the name of her son, who heroically defended the Brest station, is carved. Decades have passed since her son died. But she is a mother, and in her heart he will live forever.
Every line of this text is filled with pride for our entire people, who defeated fascism in the Second World War. The author’s position is clear: we are descendants of WWII soldiers, we will forever remember their feat, heroism and courage
I remember “And the dawns here are quiet” by B. Vasiliev. Five female anti-aircraft gunners die after entering into an unequal duel with a German landing force. They die, but do not give up. They had the opportunity to avoid this collision. But they made their choice: they died, but did not let the Nazis near railway. But a modest obelisk appeared at the edge of the forest. Sergeant Major Vaskov and the son of Rita Osyanina come here to remember the war years and honor the memory of those killed.
In the novel “The Young Guard” A. Fadeev talks about underground fighters who fought fascism behind enemy lines. They were very young, they dreamed of happy life. But they were betrayed, and they all died. Their names are forever carved on the marble slab of the memorial in the city of Krasnodon.
Time is merciless. Veterans are leaving. There are very few of them left. From their lips we learn the truth about the war. We, modern youth, are grateful to everyone who gave us a cloudless sky and the happiness of a peaceful day.
IN modern society Many people forget about the heroism of the people who died during the war years. It is precisely this problem of preserving the memory of those killed in the war that Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov considered in the text proposed for analysis.
In order to most accurately analyze the problem, the author writes about two heroes who are unlike each other, but have the same attitude towards those killed in the war. One of them takes care of historical memory due to his education: “For Prudnikov, who once studied at the history department of Moscow State University before the war, this discovery seemed extremely important.”
Another - due to his character: “He was a great-hearted man, despite his rudeness, a favorite of the entire battery and a good artilleryman.” After Captain Nikolaenko realizes that the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is being shelled, he gives the order to hold off the fire. This moment teaches the reader to honor and preserve the memory of those killed in the war.
I think that author's position formulated in sentences No. 35-38: “This is not just a grave. It is, how to say, a national monument... Well, a symbol of all those who died for their Motherland.” Konstantin Mikhailovich argues that every person, in any situation, is obliged to remember those who died for their Motherland. After all, this is the main value in our life.
And without knowledge about our past we have no future.
For example, in the work of B.L. Vasiliev "Exhibit No." careful preservation The memory of the dead soldier is manifested in the behavior of the main character Anna Fedotovna. Her son died in the first years of the Great Patriotic War. All that remains of him are a few letters from the front, which the old woman values and cherishes. One day, pioneers come to an elderly woman with a request to give letters to historical museum. Anna Fedotovna refuses because these things connect her with her son and remind her of him. For the heroine, the highest value is preserving the memory of her dead soldier.
Another example is the work of V. A. Zakrutkin “Mother of Man”. Main character Maria treats with trepidation the memory of those killed in the war. Returning to the plundered village, the woman first tried to bury all the dead: both her own and her enemies. There were no shovels, so she dug graves with her hands. Maria considered it inhumane not to bury the dead. For several months, the heroine searched for the bodies of her husband and son, who were killed before her eyes. At the end of the work, the woman found their remains and buried them. She carefully preserved the memory of those killed in the war.
Thus, every person should remember the feat and heroism of those who defended their Motherland, their people. The memory of the dead is a sacred value at all times. We have an obligation to preserve it.
Essay on the Unified State Exam according to the text:" Brest Fortress. It is very close to Moscow: the train runs for less than 24 hours. Everyone who visits those parts definitely comes to the fortress... " (according to B.L. Vasiliev).
Full text
(1) Brest Fortress. (2) It is very close to Moscow: the train runs for less than 24 hours. (3) Everyone who visits those parts must come to the fortress. (4) They don’t speak loudly here: the days of the forty-first year were too deafening and these stones remember too much. (b) Discreet guides accompany groups to the battlefields, and you can go down into the basements of the 333rd regiment, touch bricks melted by flamethrowers, go to the Terespol and Kholm gates, or stand silently under the arches of the former church. (6) Take your time. (7) Remember. (8) And bow down. (9) In the museum they will show you weapons that once fired, and soldier’s shoes that someone hastily laced in the early morning of June 22. (10) They will show you the personal belongings of the defenders and tell you how they went crazy with thirst, giving water to children... (11) And you will certainly stop near the banner - the only banner that has been found in the fortress so far. (12) But they are looking for banners. (13) They are looking because the fortress did not surrender, and the Germans did not capture a single battle banner here. (14) The fortress did not fall. (15) The fortress bled to death. (16) Historians do not like legends, but they will certainly tell you about an unknown defender whom the Germans managed to capture only in the tenth month of the war. (17) On the tenth, in April 1942. (18) This man fought for almost a year. (19) A year of fighting in the unknown, without neighbors to the left and right, without orders and rear support, without shifts and letters from home. (20) Time has not revealed his name or rank, but we know that he was a Soviet soldier. (21) Every year on June 22, the Brest Fortress solemnly and sadly marks the beginning of the war. (22) The surviving defenders arrive, wreaths are laid, and the guard of honor freezes. (23) Every year on June 22, an old woman arrives in Brest on the earliest train. (24) She is in no hurry to leave the noisy station and has never been to the fortress. (25) It goes out onto the square, where a marble slab hangs at the entrance to the station: FROM JUNE 22 TO JULY 2, 1941, UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF LIEUTENANT NIKOLAY (surname unknown) AND Sergeant-Major PAVL BASNEV, MILITARY SERVANTS AND RAILWAY WORKERS HEROICLY DEFENDED THE STATION L. (26) The old woman reads this inscription all day. (27) Standing next to her, exactly at guard of honor. (28) Leaves. (29) Brings flowers. (30) And again he stands and reads again. (31) Reads one name. (32) Seven letters: "NICHOLAY". (ZZ) The noisy station lives normal life. (34) Trains come and go, announcers announce that people should not forget their tickets, music thunders, people laugh loudly. (35) And an old woman stands quietly near the marble plaque. (36) There is no need to explain anything to her: it is not so important where our sons lie. (37) The only thing that matters is what they fought for.
An article by Russian writer Boris Vasiliev makes us think whether we remember those soldiers who defended our country, us, from the black plague of fascism. The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War is raised by the author of the article. There are many museums in our country dedicated to heroic soldiers. One of them is the museum of the defenders of the Brest Fortress.
The author’s position is clearly expressed in the words: “Don’t rush. Remember. And bow down." The author calls on modern youth to remember those who gave us free life, saved our state, our people. And the most important thing is what they fought for, and they fought for our future.
I completely agree with the author of the article. We have no right to forget those who died in this bloody massacre; we must know and honor their graves, their monuments. You cannot live without touching this, because this is our history. This must be remembered and knowledge passed on to future generations.
Many Russian writers raised the topic of war in their works. Great works have been written about the heroic exploits of Soviet soldiers. This is “The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov, and “Soldiers Are Not Born” by K. Simonov, and “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” by B. Vasiliev, and many, many others. After reading Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man,” for a long time I could not move away from the state into which he introduced me. Andrei Sokolov has experienced a lot. The fate that came during the war is the most difficult. But, despite all the difficulties, having gone through all the horror of captivity and concentration camps, Sokolov was able to retain within himself human feelings of kindness and compassion.
Also, B. Vasiliev in his story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” talks about simple Soviet girls who were not afraid of an enemy many times superior to them and fulfilled their military duty: they did not allow the Germans to get to the railway tracks to blow them up. The girls paid for their brave deed with their lives.
We cannot forget what freedom cost our country. We must remember those who laid down their lives for the future of their descendants. Honor the memory and teach this to your children, passing on the memory of the war from generation to generation.
