To the question: What is the difference between a literary text and a scientific text asked by the author? Olga Gracheva the best answer is What is the difference between a literary text and a scientific text?
Reply from chevron[expert]
Scientific style
Scientific style is the style of scientific communications. The scope of use of this style is science; the recipients of text messages can be scientists, future specialists, students, or simply anyone interested in a particular scientific field; The authors of texts of this style are scientists, experts in their field. The purpose of style can be described as describing laws, identifying patterns, describing discoveries, teaching, etc.
Its main function is to communicate information, as well as to prove its truth. It is characterized by the presence of small terms, general scientific words, abstract vocabulary, it is dominated by a noun, and many abstract and real nouns.
The scientific style exists primarily in written monologue speech. Its genres are scientific article, educational literature, monograph, school essay etc. Style features This style emphasizes logic, evidence, precision (unambiguity), clarity, and generalization.
Artistic style
The artistic style is used in fiction. It influences the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the wealth of vocabulary, possibilities different styles, characterized by imagery and emotionality of speech.
The emotionality of an artistic style differs from the emotionality of colloquial and journalistic styles. Emotionality artistic speech performs aesthetic function. Artistic style presupposes a preliminary selection of linguistic means; All language means are used to create images.
Reply from Black Hundred[expert]
The first one embellishes, the second one presents FACTS and EVIDENCE! Thank you.
Reply from Lana+[guru]
The scientific text will be made up of special terms
Reply from Moan[guru]
Simply put:
Scientific style involves the use of emotionally neutral words and impersonal sentences.
Words like: fool, stink, flagrant, torment, whore, drunkard are not allowed. Such words are replaced by scientific terms or neutral words. Science has its own vocabulary. It's dry and boring. The main goal is to convey information, not entertain.
The following sentences are not allowed: I think... In my opinion...
Replaced: There is a point of view... The author believes...
Artistic style. Here the word is a tool, the task is to convey an image, feelings. Each writer shows his mastery of words. Anything is possible here, the main thing is that it works for the plot, for creating an image, and that it meets the general aesthetics and does not contradict the rules of the language.
Reply from Varvara Verzilova[newbie]
Scientific style
Scientific style is the style of scientific communications. The scope of use of this style is science; the recipients of text messages can be scientists, future specialists, students, or simply anyone interested in a particular scientific field; The authors of texts of this style are scientists, experts in their field. The purpose of style can be described as describing laws, identifying patterns, describing discoveries, teaching, etc.
Its main function is to communicate information, as well as to prove its truth. It is characterized by the presence of small terms, general scientific words, abstract vocabulary, it is dominated by a noun, and many abstract and real nouns.
The scientific style exists primarily in written monologue speech. Its genres are scientific article, educational literature, monograph, school essay, etc. The stylistic features of this style are emphasized logic, evidence, accuracy (unambiguousness), clarity, generalization.
Artistic style
The artistic style is used in fiction. It affects the imagination and feelings of the reader, conveys the thoughts and feelings of the author, uses all the wealth of vocabulary, the possibilities of different styles, and is characterized by imagery and emotionality of speech.
The emotionality of an artistic style differs from the emotionality of colloquial and journalistic styles. The emotionality of artistic speech performs an aesthetic function. Artistic style presupposes a preliminary selection of linguistic means; All language means are used to create images.
“Zhukovsky Svetlana” - Ring in the water. The listeners must be girls! Let's assume. 6th grade Literature. Published for the first time in the journal “Bulletin of Europe”, 1813, No. 1 and 2, with the subtitle: “Al. Fulfillment of a wish. Artistic originality. Wax casting. Eavesdropping. History of creation and publication. Pr...howl.”
“Krylov literature” - The orphan was taught intelligence. That's not how you sit. Krylov told Pushkin about his childhood, about the siege of Orenburg, about the Yaitsky town. Wolf and Lamb. From the painting by G. Chernetsov “Parade on the Champ de Mars” (1832). The search in the printing house... was carried out “with all diligence.” The fable consists of an introduction, a description of events and a moral. (“Dictionary literary terms»). – short story, most often in poetry, mainly of a satirical nature.
“Pushkin and the nanny” - About the nanny. 1825 After all, she was a craftswoman and where did she get everything from! "The Tale of dead princess and about the seven heroes." . My dear nanny!
“Lessons from Andersen” - Remember, guys, the little black Troll from the snuff box? Today in class we will talk about another author literary fairy tales- H.K.Andersen. Ole Lukoje enters. Student's story: Andersen called his autobiography “Tales of My Life.” Our lesson is called “Andersen’s Favorite Fairy Tales.” Let's get creative. (The guys offer their own versions of the fairy tale). Lesson progress: - Hello, guys! But Andersen himself named the girl Tommelise, that is, an inch-sized Fox.
“Pushkin 6th grade” - N. Ulyanov. "Pushkin with his wife in front of a mirror at a court ball." 1936. Opening ceremony of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. "Pushkin was amazed by the beauty of N.N. Goncharova from the winter of 1828 - 1829. Performed by Natalia Kizhvatova, a student of class 6A. Tsarskoye Selo, June 9, 1817. S. Prokofiev. “Pushkin's Waltz.” Introduction to Goncharova. Presentation on the topic: "A.S. Pushkin". The schedule of the day. The six-year lyceum life of Pushkin's children began.
The book sphere of communication is expressed through an artistic style - multitasking literary style, which has developed historically, and stands out from other styles through means of expression.
Artistic style serves literary works And aesthetic activity person. Main goal- influence on the reader with the help of sensory images. Tasks by which the goal of the artistic style is achieved:
- Creating a living picture that describes the work.
- Transferring the emotional and sensory state of the characters to the reader.
Features of artistic style
Artistic style has a purpose of emotional impact on a person, but it is not the only one. The big picture The application of this style is described through its functions:
- Figurative-cognitive. Presenting information about the world and society through the emotional component of the text.
- Ideological and aesthetic. Maintaining the system of images through which the writer conveys the idea of the work to the reader awaits a response to the plot's concept.
- Communicative. Expressing the vision of an object through sensory perception. Information from art world connects with reality.
Signs and characteristic linguistic features of artistic style
To easily identify this style of literature, let’s pay attention to its features:
- Original syllable. Due to the special presentation of the text, the word becomes interesting without contextual meaning, breaking the canonical patterns of text construction.
- High level organizing text. Dividing prose into chapters and parts; in a play - division into scenes, acts, phenomena. In poems, metric is the size of the verse; stanza - the study of the combination of poems, rhyme.
- High level of polysemy. The presence of several interrelated meanings for one word.
- Dialogues. The artistic style is dominated by the speech of characters as a way of describing phenomena and events in the work.
The literary text contains all the richness of the vocabulary of the Russian language. The presentation of the emotionality and imagery inherent in this style is carried out using special means, which are called tropes - linguistic means of expressive speech, words in figurative meaning. Examples of some tropes:
- Comparison is part of the work, with the help of which the character’s image is complemented.
- Metaphor - the meaning of a word in figuratively, based on an analogy with another object or phenomenon.
- An epithet is a definition that makes a word expressive.
- Metonymy is a combination of words in which one object is replaced by another on the basis of spatiotemporal similarity.
- Hyperbole is a stylistic exaggeration of a phenomenon.
- Litota is a stylistic understatement of a phenomenon.
Where is the fiction style used?
The artistic style has incorporated numerous aspects and structures of the Russian language: tropes, polysemy of words, complex grammatical and syntactic structure. Therefore it general area The applications are huge. It also includes the main genres of works of art.
The genres of artistic style used are related to one of the genres that express reality in a special way:
- Epic. Shows external unrest, the author’s thoughts (description storylines).
- Lyrics. Reflects the author's inner emotions (the experiences of the characters, their feelings and thoughts).
- Drama. The presence of the author in the text is minimal, large number dialogues between characters. This kind of work is often made theatrical performances. Example - Three sisters A.P. Chekhov.
These genres have subtypes, which can be divided into even more specific varieties. Basic:
Epic genres:
- Epic is a genre of work in which historical events.
- A novel is a large manuscript with a complex plot line. All attention is paid to the life and fate of the characters.
- A short story is a work of smaller volume that describes the life story of a hero.
- A story is a medium-sized manuscript that has the plot features of a novel and a short story.
Lyric genres:
- Ode is a solemn song.
- An epigram is a satirical poem. Example: A. S. Pushkin “Epigram on M. S. Vorontsov.”
- Elegy is a lyrical poem.
- A sonnet is a poetic form of 14 lines, the rhyme of which has a strict construction system. Examples of this genre common in Shakespeare.
Genres dramatic works:
- Comedy - the genre is based on a plot that makes fun of social vices.
- Tragedy is a work that describes tragic fate heroes, struggle of characters, relationships.
- Drama – has a dialogue structure with a serious storyline showing the characters and their dramatic relationships with each other or with society.
How to define a literary text?
It is easier to understand and consider the features of this style when the reader is provided with a literary text with a clear example. Let's practice determining what style of text is in front of us using an example:
“Marat’s father Stepan Porfiryevich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from a family of Astrakhan binders. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Mikhelson plant in Moscow, machine gun courses in Petrograd ... "
Main aspects confirming the artistic style of speech:
- This text is built on conveying events from an emotional point of view, so there is no doubt that this is a literary text.
- The means used in the example: “a revolutionary whirlwind blew out, dragged” is nothing more than a trope, or rather, a metaphor. The use of this trope is inherent only in literary texts.
- An example of a description of a person’s fate, environment, social events. Conclusion: this literary text belongs to the epic.
Any text can be analyzed in detail using this principle. If functions or distinctive features, which are described above, immediately catch the eye, then there is no doubt that this is a literary text.
If you find it difficult to deal with a large amount of information on your own; fixed assets and features literary text you don’t understand; sample assignments seem difficult - use a resource such as a presentation. Ready presentation With clear examples will clearly fill gaps in knowledge. Sphere school subject"Russian language and literature", provides electronic sources of information on functional styles speech. Please note that the presentation is succinct and informative and contains explanatory means.
Thus, once you understand the definition of artistic style, you will better understand the structure of works. And if a muse visits you and you want to write a work of art yourself, follow the lexical components of the text and the emotional presentation. Good luck with your studies!
The world of literature is amazing and diverse, there are a great many books, and their most basic division is into scientific and artistic. Let's look at how they differ.
Target
Difference fiction from scientific lies in the purpose of writing the work. So, if a novel, story or poem can give the reader aesthetic pleasure, it gives him the opportunity to immerse himself in the world author's intention, then the directory or research has more mundane motives - communicating certain facts, hypotheses, conducting an analysis of a phenomenon. To write such works, as a rule, not only the knowledge of a particular scientist is used, but also the systematization of data on a particular subject, and the achievements of past researchers are described. They argue with them or agree with them. The purpose of a scientific treatise is to inform colleagues about the discovery made and to secure the right to it.
Plot
If a work of art has a plot, then a scientific treatise or monograph does not have it; the text is a consistent presentation of facts, attempts to interpret and explain them, and contains hypotheses. The presentation is strictly logical, whereas in a novel or story the author can work with several time plans, looking ahead or going back.
Moreover, one work may have a number of plot lines, and a work or treatise may describe several phenomena or objects, but the presence or absence of a plot will allow one to distinguish one work from another.
Using artistic techniques
What is the difference between fiction and scientific literature in design? First of all, for the first, not only the content, but also the form is important. A writer is a master of words. He tries to clothe his thoughts in perfect shape, therefore, actively uses tropes: sonorous epithets, bright catchy comparisons, hyperboles, parallelism. Oxymorons and euphemisms help achieve a special effect. For example, Tolstoy's play is called "The Living Corpse." This is an oxymoron, that is, a combination of words that do not fit together in meaning. In reality, a corpse cannot be alive. But it is precisely this trope that helps the author characterize the character of the main character, Fyodor Protasov, his torment and quest, his desire to die.
But scientific literature does not use trails. The scientist’s speech is always accurate, the subject or phenomenon being studied is described in detail and clearly. Of course, the researcher can use comparisons and definitions, but only in order to describe the object of his work in as much detail as possible. Exaggerations and oxymorons are unacceptable in a strict treatise.
Heroes
Another difference between fiction and non-fiction is the presence or absence of heroes. So, in a novel or poem there must be character. In “Eugene Onegin” it is Onegin himself, Tatiana, Lensky, Olga. As the story progresses, different events happen to them, the characters undergo personal evolution and communicate with each other. Some characters are main, key to revealing the author's intention, others are secondary, necessary to play out any situation with the main characters or also to express the writer's ideas. Individual characters in a work of fiction may die during the course of the story, which also gives the writer the opportunity to convey to his reader important information. For example, the murder of Lensky in a duel in Pushkin’s novel suggests that Onegin, despite his skill and ability to think, has not yet moved away from the rules imposed by the society he despises.
IN scientific treatises and in labor everything is different. There is no hero in them. You can, of course, conditionally call the subject and object of research heroes, but there is no author’s imagination in what happens to them. Scientists present all the facts based on their own observations; there may also be speculation. For example, describing unknown to science insect, an entomologist can assume the purpose of a particular organ. Therefore, in an article or monograph there are the words “I believe”, “I assume”, “hypothesis”. Gradually, in other works, each hypothesis is tested by facts and is refuted or confirmed.
Genre
Another difference between fiction and scientific literature is their use various genres. Thus, fiction is characterized, first of all, by the division into prose and poetry, within which there are a story and a novel, an elegy and a thought, a play and a fairy tale. Each genre has its own specifics and distinctive features. The world of scientific works is also quite diverse: these are treatises, articles, reviews, reports, abstracts, reviews.
Table
Let us succinctly and briefly present in the table the differences between fiction and scientific literature. This will help you remember the material faster and, if necessary, refresh your memory.
The table shows the key differences between fiction and non-fiction. In conclusion, we note that modern authors they often try to combine features, for example, by setting out scientific work information emotionally and expressively. However, taking into account the scope of application, you can always quickly determine whether a particular work belongs to scientific or artistic literature.
The artistic style is a complex alloy that reflects all the richness national language. A combination of elements of all styles is possible here literary language. By means artistic word through a system of images, artistic style influences the mind, feelings and will of readers, shapes their ideological beliefs, moral qualities and aesthetic tastes.
Imagery distinguishes an artistic style from other styles. The use of linguistic means is determined by its purpose - to figuratively recreate reality. The language of fiction is characterized by an exceptional wealth of vocabulary and phraseology. IN works of art Historicism, archaisms, dialectisms, elements of vernacular, even jargon are introduced. Example of archaisms: The mouth of the mute shall be opened.
An example of dialectisms: “In Yaremche, not far from the waterfall, a Hutsul was sitting in a captarik, in a keychain, in an embroidered shirt and smoking a pipe. Nearby lay linen besaghs with some kind of kadib, bought in Yaremche at the fair, the besaghs stretched out their legs in white gachas.”
Emotionally expressive vocabulary is widely used in the artistic style: synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, paronyms, phraseological units. A variety of methods are used to convey thoughts (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, symbols, etc.).
Scientific style
Main function scientific style- message. Works written in this style contain scientific information Therefore, it is subject to strict compliance requirements.
The scope of application of the scientific style is scientific and scientific-technical works intended for specialists, textbooks for higher schools.
The main purpose of the style is to present the consequences of research about man, society, natural phenomena, substantiate hypotheses, prove the truth of theories, classify and systematize knowledge, explain phenomena, stimulate the reader’s intellect to comprehend them.
The main features of the scientific style: clarity and objectivity of interpretations, logical consistency and evidence of presentation, generalization of concepts and phenomena, objective analysis, accuracy and conciseness of statements, argumentation and persuasiveness of statements.
The main feature of the scientific style is terminology. The world around us described through terms. Definitions of various concepts, phenomena, processes, etc. are often given. Since the basis of terminological vocabulary is nouns, this part of speech is represented in a scientific style more than other parts of speech, for example, verbs. In works scientific literature common words are nouns formed from new, verbal and adjective roots using various generalizing suffixes:
- awn: property, moisture, consciousness, duration;
- nn(s): competition, ignoring, prosperity;
- Anne (me): relationships, relationships;
- inn(s): understanding, conscience;
- stv (o): students, peasantry;
- TsTV (o): production, cooperation;
- AC(s): aviation, mechanization;
- ism: historicism, aphorism;
- ism: humanism, Darwinism.
Works in a scientific style are rich in abstract vocabulary. Common words are used, as a rule, only in one of their meanings.
In a scientific style, repetition of the same words in a small text is allowed. This is due to the need to accurately and unambiguously express opinions.
“The wire is coated with insulation in the form of a thin layer of scale, so the turns of wire are insulated from each other. A metal rod is placed above the winding, along which the slider can move. The slider is pressed against the winding turns with its contacts. Due to the friction of the slider against the coils, the layer of scale under the contacts of the slider is erased, and electric current in the circuit runs from the turns of wire to the slide. And through it - into a rod that has a clamp at the end.” (From the textbook)
IN scientific speech prevail complex sentences, especially complex subordinates, participles and participial phrases, plug-in and inserted designs. This emphasizes the bookish nature of the scientific style, which allows information to be presented logically and consistently.
