A thunderstorm is one of those natural phenomena that the most unobservant person notices. Her hazardous influences widely known. Less is known about its beneficial effects, although they play a significant role. Currently, the problem of forecasting thunderstorms and associated dangerous convective phenomena seems to be the most pressing and one of the most difficult in meteorology. The main difficulties in resolving it lie in the discreteness of the distribution of thunderstorms and the complexity of the relationship between thunderstorms and the numerous factors influencing their formation. The development of thunderstorms is associated with the development of convection, which is very variable in time and space. Forecasting thunderstorms is also complicated because, in addition to predicting the synoptic situation, it is necessary to predict the stratification and humidity of the air at altitudes, the thickness of the cloud layer, maximum speed upward flow. It is necessary to know how thunderstorm activity changes as a result of human activity. The influence of a thunderstorm on humans, animals, various types activities; Issues related to lightning protection are also relevant in meteorology.
Understanding the nature of thunderstorms is important not only for meteorologists. The study of electrical processes in such gigantic - compared to the scale of laboratories - volumes makes it possible to establish more general physical laws of the nature of high-voltage discharges and discharges in aerosol clouds. The mystery of ball lightning can only be revealed by understanding the processes occurring in thunderstorms.
Based on their origin, thunderstorms are divided into intramass and frontal.
Intramass thunderstorms are observed in two types: in cold air masses moving to the warm earth's surface, and over heated land in the summer (local, or thermal thunderstorms). In both cases, the occurrence of a thunderstorm is associated with the powerful development of convection clouds, and, consequently, with a strong instability of atmospheric stratification and with strong vertical air movements.
Frontal thunderstorms are associated primarily with cold fronts, where warm air is forced upward by advancing cold air. In summer, over land they are often associated with warm fronts. Continental warm air rising above the surface of a warm front in summer can be very unstable stratified, so strong convection can occur over the surface of the front.
Single-cell, multi-cell (linear and cluster) and super-multi-cell thunderstorms are also known.
Single cell thunderstorms. These thunderstorms are also called pulse thunderstorms. They can form in the presence of a strong local upward air flow. Real single-cell thunderstorms are relatively rare, since even the weakest usually represent a multi-cell structure.
Single-cell thunderstorms are short-lived, lasting less than half an hour and do not cause major weather changes. May be accompanied by small hail, short but heavy rains, and sometimes weak tornadoes. Such weather conditions can be observed along the entire path of a thunderstorm. It is extremely difficult to predict the development of such a thunderstorm. The degree of danger is low.
Multicell linear thunderstorms are a line of thunderstorms with a clearly defined front, having significant (tens of kilometers) linear dimensions. An approaching multi-cell line can be recognized by the dark wall of clouds that usually covers the western horizon. The huge number of closely spaced ascending and descending air flows allows us to qualify this complex of thunderstorms as multi-cell, but its thunderstorm structure differs sharply from a multi-cell cluster thunderstorm. Squall lines bring sudden changes in weather near the interface between updrafts and downdrafts at the leading edge of a thunderstorm. Characterized by gusty winds, golf ball-sized hail and gusty tornadoes are possible. Sometimes leading to flooding, this occurs when a squall line slows down or stops moving and thunderstorms moving parallel to the line pass through the same area repeatedly.
Multicell cluster thunderstorms. If thunderstorm cells are at different levels of development, the thunderstorm is classified as a multicell cluster thunderstorm. Multicell cluster thunderstorms consist of a group of cells moving as a unit, with the cells being at different thunderstorm levels life cycle. At the beginning of the development of a multicell cluster thunderstorm, individual cells dominate. New cells tend to form along the upwind edge of a thunderstorm (usually from the west or southwest), with mature cells located in the center and scattered cells found along the lee edge of the storm (from the east or northeast). The weather changes caused by multicell thunderstorms can be very diverse. Organized multicell thunderstorms have very high weather-forming potential and are accompanied by frequent thunderstorms, moderate hail, flooding, and weak tornadoes. The most intense changes in weather conditions are observed near the interface between rising air currents, which in turn is located in the rear of the thunderstorm and near the front. Unorganized multi-cell thunderstorms, which are simple conglomerates of individual cells, are closer in their consequences to thunderstorm impulses. The degree of prediction of possible damage and the degree of danger to humans is average.
Supermulticell thunderstorms differ from all of the above in their power, as well as the presence of strong rotation of upward air currents (mesocyclone). The flanking line of a super-multi-cell thunderstorm behaves somewhat differently compared to a multi-cell cluster thunderstorm, in which the rotating elements typically merge into the main rotating airflow and then explode vertically. A supermulticell thunderstorm is characterized by the separation of thunderstorm cells. As a consequence, the flanking air flows support the central flow rather than opposing it. This is a fairly rare type of thunderstorm, but at the same time it is the most dangerous due to the fact that it brings the greatest possible disasters. Characterized by heavy rains, large hail, and possible flooding.
The following actions of lightning are known: thermal, mechanical, chemical and electrical.
The temperature of lightning reaches from 8000 to 33000 degrees Celsius, so it has a great thermal effect on environment. In the USA alone, for example, lightning causes about 10,000 forest fires every year. However, in some cases these fires are beneficial. For example, in California, frequent fires have long cleared forests of growth: they were insignificant and not harmful to the trees.
The reason for the occurrence of mechanical forces during a lightning strike is a sharp increase in temperature, pressure of gases and vapors that arise at the point where the lightning current passes. So, for example, when lightning strikes a tree, the tree sap, after current passes through it, turns into a gas state. Moreover, this transition is explosive in nature, as a result of which the tree trunk splits.
The chemical effect of lightning is small and is due to the electrolysis of chemical elements.
The most dangerous action for living beings is electrical action, since as a result of this action a lightning strike can lead to the death of a living being. When lightning strikes unprotected or poorly protected buildings or equipment, it results in the death of people or animals as a result of the high voltage in the individual subjects, for this, a person or animal just needs to touch them or be near them. Lightning strikes a person even during small thunderstorms, and each direct strike is usually fatal for him. After an indirect lightning strike, a person usually does not die, but even in this case, timely assistance is necessary to save his life.
Forest fires, damaged power and communication lines, damaged aircraft and spacecraft, burning oil storage facilities, agricultural crops destroyed by hail, roofs torn off by storm winds, people and animals killed by lightning strikes - this is far from full list consequences associated with a thunderstorm situation.
Damage caused by lightning in just one year worldwide to the globe, is estimated at millions of dollars. In this regard, new, more advanced methods of lightning protection and more accurate thunderstorm forecasts are being developed, which, in turn, leads to a more in-depth study of thunderstorm processes.
Conflict is the main one driving force dramatic work. The conflict unfolds through the plot and can be realized on several different levels. Whether it is a confrontation of interests, characters or ideas, the conflict is resolved in the finale of the work. The essence of the conflict can also be determined by literary era(realism and postmodernism, for example, are characterized by various types conflicts). In realism, the conflict will be hidden in the depiction of social unrest and exposure of the vices of society. As an example, the article will consider the main conflict in Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”.
The work was written in 1859, several years before the abolition of serfdom. Ostrovsky wanted to show how much society is corroding itself from the inside just because the way of life remains the same. Patriarchal orders slow down progress, and corruption and servility destroy the human element in a person. In the description of such an atmosphere lies the main conflict of “The Thunderstorm”.
So, as a rule, the conflict is realized at the character level.
To do this, pairs or groups of characters must be identified. We should start with the most striking confrontation: the couple Katya - Kabanikha. These women had to live together due to circumstances. The Kabanov family is quite rich, Marfa Ignatievna herself is a widow. She raised a son and daughter. Kabanikha constantly manipulates her son, causing scandals and hysterics. A woman believes that only her opinion has the right to exist, so everything must correspond to her ideas. She humiliates and insults the rest of the family. Varvara gets the least of it, because the daughter lies to her mother.
Katya was married off early to Tikhon Kabanov, Kabanikha’s son. Katya naively believed that her life before marriage would not be much different from her new life, but the girl was wrong. Pure Katya is not able to understand how you can lie to your mother, as Varvara does, how you can hide your thoughts and feelings from someone, how you can not defend the right to your own opinion. The order of this family is alien to her, but because of the patriarchal foundations that reigned at that time, the girl had no choice.
Here the conflict is realized at the internal level. These characters are too different, but at the same time both women have the same strong character. Katerina resists the corrupting influence of Kabanikha. Marfa Ignatievna understands that she is faced with a strong rival who can “turn” Tikhon against his mother, and this is not part of her plans.
In the pair Boris - Katerina it is realized love conflict. A girl falls in love with a newcomer to the city young man. Boris seems to Katya like herself, unlike the others. Boris, like Katerina, is annoyed by the atmosphere of the city. They both don't like that everything here is built on fear and money. The feelings of young people flare up quite quickly: one meeting was enough for them to fall in love with each other.
Tikhon's departure allows the lovers to meet secretly and spend time together. Katya says that for the sake of Boris she commits a sin, but since she was not afraid of sin, then she is not afraid of condemnation from people. The girl does not understand why their meetings should be hidden. She wanted to confess everything to her husband so that later she could be honest with Boris, but the young man dissuades her from such an act. It is more convenient for Boris to meet secretly and not take responsibility. Of course they couldn't be together. Their love is tragic and fleeting. The situation takes an unexpected turn when Katya realizes that Boris is actually the same as all the other residents: pathetic and petty. And Boris doesn’t try to deny it. After all, he came to the city only to improve relations with his uncle (only in this case could he receive an inheritance).
The pair Kuligin - Dikoy will help determine the main conflict of the drama "The Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky. Self-taught inventor and merchant. All power in the city seems to be concentrated in the hands of the Wild One. He is rich, but only thinks about increasing capital. He is not afraid of threats from the mayor, he deceives ordinary residents, steals from other merchants, and drinks a lot. Dikoy constantly swears. There was room for insults in every one of his remarks. He believes that people who are lower than him on the social ladder are unworthy of talking to him, they deserve their miserable existence. Kuligin strives to help people; all his inventions should benefit society. But he is poor, and there is no way to earn money by honest work. Kuligin knows about everything that happens in the city. “Cruel morals in our city.” Kuligin cannot resist or fight this.
The main conflict of the drama “The Thunderstorm” unfolds within the main character. Katya understands how strong the gap is between ideas and reality. Katerina wants to be herself, free, light and pure. But it’s impossible to live like that in Kalinov. In this struggle, she risks losing herself, giving up, and not being able to withstand the onslaught of circumstances. Katya chooses between black and white, gray does not exist for her. The girl understands that she can either live the way she wants or not live at all. The conflict ends with the death of the heroine. She could not commit violence against herself, kill herself for the sake of social order.
There are several conflicts in the play "The Thunderstorm". The main one is the confrontation between man and society. Added to this conflict is the conflict of generations, the conflict of old and new. The conclusion is that honest man cannot survive in a society of liars and hypocrites.
The definition of the main conflict of the play and a description of its participants can be used by 10th grade students in essays on the topic “The main conflict in the play “The Thunderstorm” by Ostrovsky.”
The main conflict in the play “The Thunderstorm” by Ostrovsky essay on the topic |
Arbitrariness, on the one hand, and non-
sufficient awareness of one's rights
personalities - on the other; here's the basics
the foundations on which everything rests
the disgrace of relationships, developing
We're mostly comedies
Ostrovsky.
N.L. Dobrolyubov
The theme of the conflict between the individual and society in literature is one of the eternal ones. Throughout the 19th-20th centuries, writers reveal this problem in their works, trying to bring
each reader its essence. For example, in the comedy “Woe from Wit” by Griboyedov and the novel “Fathers and Sons” by Turgenev, the confrontation between the “past century” and the “present century” is described.
Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm” also reveals a conflict between the individual and society. Let's take a closer look at it.
The first, the so-called dark kingdom, includes Kabanikha, the widow, and Dikoy, the merchant.
Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova is a widow with two children: Varvara and Tikhon. Kabanikha relies on everything ancient customs and tries to instill them to the younger generation. She is rude, her speech is leisurely and monotonous, her movements are slow; living feelings awaken in her only when the conversation concerns the ways of antiquity, which she fiercely defends. Kabanova is one of the complex heroes. Her dictated demands are not created out of whim, these are just ancient principles that, in her opinion, must be fulfilled. So, for example, her very first appearance is accompanied by the words: “If you want to listen to your mother, then when you get there, do as I ordered you.”
Kabanova doesn't like it when someone opposes her. She sees a rival in Katerina, Tikhon’s wife, and does everything to disgrace her: “Yes, I didn’t even want to talk about you; and so, by the way, I had to.”
Unlike Kabanikha’s tyranny, Dikiy’s willfulness is no longer strengthened by anything, and is not justified by any rules. Morals in his soul are shaken.
He is the richest and most noble man in the city, but this “warrior” is not happy with himself, a victim of his own self-will: “I understand this; What are you going to tell me to do with myself when my heart is like this!”
Money makes it possible for the Wild One to humiliate the poor and people financially dependent on him. “So, are you going to sue me or something? - he declares to Kuligin. - So know that you are a worm. If I want, I’ll have mercy, if I want, I’ll crush.”
Kabanikha and Dikiy are connected by many common features: ignorance, hypocrisy^ hypocrisy. These heroes love to rule, but the “borders of their domain” are not endless. There are also those who oppose them: Katerina, Kuligin, Varvara, Kudryash, Boris...
They all feel the tyranny of the Wild and Kabanikha in the same way, but they protest against this force in different ways.
One of these victims of the “dark kingdom” is Boris, Dikiy’s nephew, who arrived in Kalinov under duress. He is different from everyone else living in the city: he wears foreign clothes, “he doesn’t know the local customs.” His broad views on life are also different. So, for example, Boris says about Kuligin: “It’s a pity to disappoint him! Which good man! He dreams for himself and is happy. And it looks like I’m going to waste my youth.” The Wild One's nephew is smart; understands that he can’t achieve anything here, this is his world. This is exactly how, I think, Boris’s passive perception of evil is explained.
Another victim of the “dark kingdom” is Varvara, the daughter of Kabanikha. This heroine in the drama “The Thunderstorm” is shown as smart, cunning and cheerful. She got used to living in Kabanova’s house according to her principle: “Do what you want, as long as it’s safe and covered.”
Varvara does not want to endure her mother's tyranny. She says about her (“to herself”): “I won’t respect you, of course.”
The girl has a freedom-loving soul that cannot be crushed or trampled. Varvara’s reckless love for Kudryash only makes her stronger against the “dark kingdom.”
For a long time, the couple in love could not muster up the courage to run away, but Katerina’s act pushed them to take a decisive step.
I agree with the opinion of A. A. Revyakin that the departure of Varvara and Kudryash is an open protest against the Kalinovsky system: “For all her cunning, adaptability and moral primitiveness, Varvara could not withstand domestic tyranny. She ran away from her mother's house."
Speaking about open protests against the “dark kingdom”, one cannot fail to mention Tikhon, Katerina’s husband.
Kabanov Tikhon Ivanovich is the son of Kabanikha. On the one hand, it is kind, loving husband, who “can’t even shout at his wife.” On the other hand, he is quiet and cannot protect Katerina from her mother’s vain slander. Tikhon is hard pressed by Kabanikha, but he cannot resist her, and sometimes even blames his wife for everything (about his mother): “She kept pestering: “Get married, get married, I would at least look at you as a married man.” And now he eats, doesn’t let anyone pass - everything is for you (Katerina).”
Tikhon loved to drink in the company of Dikiy, and when he left on business, he took the whole year off. Having gotten to know him better, Katerina was never able to love her husband.
In the last act, when Katerina passed away, Tikhon, doomed to torment, for the first time openly declared his protest against the “dark kingdom”: “Mama, you ruined her!!! You, you, you..."
In the drama “The Thunderstorm” by Ostrovsky, there “lives” a hero who is higher and more morally gifted than Varvara or Boris - Kuligin. He is an observer and does not enter into any of the kingdoms. Kuligin is an unusual and outlandish person. He is “a tradesman, a self-taught watchmaker, looking for a perpetuum mobile.” Kuligin is a dreamy man, but his fantasies are unrealizable. This character is not the main one, and yet it is he who pities Boris when he learns about his past, and Tikhon when he talks about his wife’s betrayal. At the end of the drama, it was Kuligin who found Katerina’s body with the words: “Here is your Katerina. Do what you want with her! Her body is here, take it, but her soul is now not yours: she is now before a judge who is more merciful than you!” I think these words are a conclusion from many of his “observations”.
And yet, of all the characters in “The Thunderstorm,” in the foreground, undoubtedly, Katerina, “a ray of light,” as Dobrolyubov called her.
This girl grew up all her life surrounded by love and affection. She was used to this environment: nature, church and freedom. In freedom, her character was formed: kind, affectionate, pure, sincere, honest, hardworking. Since childhood, she was accustomed to going to church with her mother. And so she was given in marriage to unknown person, so young and so free. Katerina was alone among cruel world. The heroine tries to love her husband, but all in vain. It was then that she meets a man who is not like Kalinov’s society, Boris. She falls in love with him sincerely, and if not for his stupidity, then in the end Katerina would have left with him and not died.
And yet I think that Katerina did not lose with her death, but on the contrary, she defeated the world of the Wild and Boars. The “ray of light” did not go out, but remained shining.
I believe "Thunderstorm" is one of the proofs high skill Ostrovsky as an artist. Despite the complexity of the plot, Ostrovsky was able to realistically portray the characters. Even in such an image as Dikoy, there is a small positive trait. He was able to admit his mistakes. And all thanks to Ostrovsky’s talent.
The conflict of the “dark kingdom” with its “victims” in “The Thunderstorm” is expressed clearly and vividly. And, in my opinion, it was not only Katerina who was the “ray of light”. Each of the “victims”: Varvara, Kuligin, Tikhon, and Boris flashed over “ dark kingdom"at least a little.
Ostrovsky's drama is structured in such a way that the confrontation between society and the individual is always on foreground. And therefore, all the actions of the heroes point to this still existing problem.
Ostrovsky's plays reflected, as if in a mirror, the whole life of the Russian merchants. The drama “The Thunderstorm” shows the reader a reliable picture of the tragedy, which can be considered a completely common occurrence for the merchant environment. The life and customs of the Russian merchants were capable of bringing a person to moral and physical death, and Ostrovsky in his works shows all the circumstances, terrible in their everydayness and typicality, accompanying such a tragedy. One of the city residents, Kuligin, says:
- “Cruel morals, sir, in our city, cruel!”
Cruelty is so closely woven into the life of the city and its inhabitants that it does not even occur to anyone to resist or be indignant about it. Everyone around them is forced to put up with existing orders and morals. The only thing that is bright, clean and beautiful in the city is amazing beautiful nature. It is no coincidence that at the very beginning of the work, tribute is paid to this eternal beauty, which does not depend on the anger and cruelty of people. Kuligin talks about beauty native nature: “Here, my brother, for fifty years I’ve been looking at the Volga every day and I still can’t get enough of it.”
The Volga symbolizes freedom, and any person in the city of Kalinov depends on those around him, on cruel morals and other people's opinions, often unfair. That is why there is clearly some stuffiness in the air. In nature, this occurs before the start of a thunderstorm.
The “Dark Kingdom” tries to enslave everyone who has even the slightest prerequisites for thinking or acting independently. Everyone obeys, so such representatives of the “dark kingdom” as Kabanova and Dikoy can freely establish their own rules.
Kabanikha is an extremely disgusting character, she is cruel, power-hungry, but at the same time stupid and limited. She is hypocritical, in her soul there is neither pity nor compassion for others. They say about her that she is a hypocrite, “she favors the poor, but completely eats up her family.” Kabanikha constantly reproaches everyone around her for not showing her due deference and respect. However, there is absolutely nothing to respect her for. Kabanova pesters her household so much that they quietly hate her. There is simply no other way to treat her.
Kabanova demands that everyone obey her. Deep down, she feels how fragile she is over those around her. And this makes her still to a greater extent get angry and hate everyone around you. She is also an unfortunate victim of the “dark kingdom”. Perhaps she was different in her youth, but existing orders led to her turning into an evil and cruel creature.
Kabanikha cannot even understand the members of her own family, among whom different relationships are gradually being established than those to which she is accustomed. It is difficult for Marfa Ignatievna to understand that every person is the whole world, the whole Universe. And therefore every person has the right to own life, which is built on different principles than those that it preaches.
Kabanova is considered respected and influential woman. She and the merchant Dikoy constitute the “color” of the city nobility. It is no wonder that such a suffocating atmosphere reigns in the city, because all the rules are established by such narrow-minded and evil people. Just look at how the merchant Dikoy treats those around him: he embezzled the money of his nephew, who was left an orphan. And he blackmails his nephew in every possible way, threatening that he will not receive his money if he is not respectful enough to him and obedient to his will. Dikoy does not pay money to the peasants, he humiliates people by trampling them human dignity. Wild and Kabanikha are birds of a feather. They are extremely selfish people who value only themselves, and try not to take others into account.
Initially, she appears to have completely opposite qualities than those characteristic of representatives of the merchant environment. Katerina is dreamy and imprudent, despite the fact that she grew up in the same merchant family, her parents treated her completely differently. Katerina herself remembers with sadness about her girlhood: “I lived, didn’t worry about anything, like a bird in the wild. Mama doted on me, dressed me up like a doll, and didn’t force me to work...” Katerina is given in marriage by force, as, indeed, was customary in the merchant society of that time. She does not have any feelings for her husband, so life itself in the Kabanovs’ house depresses her. Katerina dreams of freedom, of joy, of a real life full of events. And she has to vegetate in an atmosphere of all-consuming stupidity, hypocrisy and falsehood.
The mother-in-law is trying to humiliate Katerina, but she can only endure it. Katerina is tender and dreamy, she suffers from a lack of love and care. She is bored, sad and sad. She is absolutely unhappy. Katerina's husband is a weak-willed and weak person, Katerina does not love him, and he does not even try to protect his wife from her evil and unfair mother-in-law.
Going to Boris is for Katerina a escape from the dullness and monotony of everyday joyless life. Katerina cannot refuse her feelings. After all, love is the only thing she has that is pure, bright and beautiful. Katerina is an open and straightforward person, so she cannot hide her feelings, adapting to the prevailing orders in society. Katerina can no longer stay in this city, again endure the humiliation of her mother-in-law. And she decides to leave with her loved one. But he refuses: “I can’t, Katya. I’m not eating of my own free will: my uncle sends me.” Katerina realizes with horror that she will again have to live with her husband and endure Kabanikha’s orders. Katerina's soul can't stand it. She decides to throw herself into the Volga and find freedom in death.
Katerina gives up her life at the moment when a thunderstorm breaks out over the city. in nature the atmosphere radically changes, the hot and suffocating haze disappears. Katerina’s death was the same thunderstorm for society that forced people to look at their own lives differently. Now even Katerina’s husband understands who is to blame for the woman’s death. He blames his own mother for the tragedy: “Mama, you ruined her! You, you, you..."
Katerina’s death was the sign that made those around them wake up, open their eyes, for a long time covered with a veil of lies, hypocrisy and hypocrisy. Tyranny, indifference and human indifference to the fate of others destroy people not only physically, but also spiritually. The drama is called "The Thunderstorm" because this work a thunderstorm is not only a natural, but also a social phenomenon. An explosive situation was brewing in the city, and finally it happened - under the influence of the environment and the people around her, the unfortunate woman voluntarily gave up her life.
Need to download an essay? Click and save - "Thunderstorm" in Ostrovsky's play as a social phenomenon. And the finished essay appeared in my bookmarks.Ostrovsky’s work “The Thunderstorm”, without a doubt, hides many problems that should make the reader think about his life, about the life of his relatives and about the life of the society in which the individual lives. Among the problems the writer identifies the following.
Firstly, the work raises the problem of human freedom, both internal and external. This problem is one of the main ones in the play. Only the main character of the work, Katerina, is destined to be the “black sheep” among the society of this town. From the very beginning she shows courage, shows everyone that she is strong personality, not a timid girl. Katerina states: “Everything seems to be out of captivity with you. I’ve completely withered away from you.” With the help of this phrase, the heroine shows that she wants freedom, she does not want to be in complete control.
Secondly, in my opinion, the main problem of the work is the problem of choice, the problem of the difficulty of choice. The competition of emotional sensations and responsibilities destroyed the peace of mind of the main character, with whom Katerina lived. The main character of the work comes with the following: “If I start to think, I won’t be able to collect my thoughts, I won’t be able to pray.” Katerina cannot continue to exist in such a life, because for her such a life is only existence. Therefore, he decides to leave this world.
Thirdly, with the help of Katerina, Ostrovsky raises the following problem - the ability of a person to freely love another person. Katerina experiences an impulse towards something that is not in Kabanikha’s house. A rush to happiness. This impulse is connected with the existence of Boris. There was something independent, but also tragic, in the feelings of the main character. After all, it’s not just that her story about feelings begins with the words that she will die soon. Varvara main character mentions the following: “To be some kind of sin! Such fear comes over me, such and such fear! It’s as if I’m standing over an abyss, and someone is pushing me there, but I have nothing to hold on to.” Perhaps Katerina has a presentiment that she will soon be forced to leave this world.
In conclusion, I want to say that Ostrovsky strives to show the reader the whole essence of arbitrariness and how difficult it is for some to live under this arbitrariness, because life ceases to be life, but turns into existence. Ostrovsky is trying to show that a person without rights and freedoms ceases to be a person and becomes a slave to his existence. A person needs freedom, without it he stops developing.
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