Shmakov in general principles of television. Shmakov Pavel Vasilievich - Suzdal - history - catalog of articles

I learned about Pavel Vasilyevich Shmakov by reading V. Uzilevsky’s book “The Legend of the Crystal Egg. The Tale of a Television Professor." The fact that the outstanding scientist was born in the village of Snovitsy, Suzdal district, was perceived as a discovery. Countryman. I immediately thought that the surname was originally Suzdal. One of the masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture - the Holy Gate of the Rizpolo-women's monastery in Suzdal in 1688 - was erected by stone masters Ivan Mamin, Ivan Gryaznov and Andrei Shmakov.

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, to which I turned, gave information: P. V. Shmakov was born on December 28, 1885. How old is he now? 93. Is he alive? Are you healthy? Who will answer these questions?! I decided to take a chance. Risk is a noble cause. I was traveling to Leningrad, where, according to TSB, P.V. Shmakov worked and lived, and doubted: would our meeting take place? Embankment of the Moika River, house 61. Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications named after Professor M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, where, according to the Encyclopedia, Professor Shmakov has headed the television department he created since 1937. The first in the country.

I ask the watchman:

Tell me, please, does Professor Shmakov work for you?

He works, but for the last three years he has been walking with a stick.

Yesterday was?

I anxiously await the scientist's appearance. At 12 o'clock he came, opened the door of his department with the key, leisurely took off his coat and hat, and hung them in the closet.

I approached and introduced myself. Pavel Vasilievich perked up:

From Suzdal?! Countrymen are always happy to receive you. But later. Let's meet in an hour. Unfortunately, I’m busy now: I’ll be performing for Leningrad Television.

Exactly an hour later we met in the quiet of the office. I was amazed: how is it possible to remain healthy, productive, and head a department at 93 years old? There must be some secret? However, I immediately noticed a polite sign on the wall: “Smoking is harmful.”

“Life without work,” comes the answer, “has always been an abnormal phenomenon for me. He achieved everything through persistent work. Continuous. I consider it a secret. And you also need to choose the main thing in life that suits your soul and abilities. My life developed from childhood in an organized manner, in a certain direction, I did not scatter left and right.”

Pavel Vasilyevich stood at the origins of the development of radio and television in our country. Under his leadership and with his direct participation, the first television receiver, a portable television tube was created, the first television broadcasts of black-and-white and color, stereoscopic, underground, underwater television were carried out, he was the first to express the idea of space TV. That's why he is called the pioneer of domestic television. That is why the Motherland awarded him the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the USSR State Prize, orders and medals.

The conversation is interrupted. Department staff and graduate students come in, show papers, ask, and consult. Then our conversation resumes. Pavel Vasilyevich answers to the point, briefly, without lyrical digressions. But a reporter always wants to catch some highlight. However, here it is - the professor dreams of transmitting over a distance not only images - black and white, color, three-dimensional, but also... smells. For me this is fantastic! But the scientist considers the idea quite real, you just need to encode the smells into electrical signals, everything else is a matter of technology.

I am happy to tell my noble long-living fellow countryman about the renewed, rejuvenated Suzdal, the restored monuments, interesting museum displays and exhibitions in churches, about how our ancient city has become prettier thanks to the efforts of people. I invite you to visit. Pavel Vasilyevich takes him at his word: “When is the best time to come?” After thinking about it, I say that the best time is in May, when the tourist season opens.

In parting, the professor says: “I wish all my fellow countrymen good health and success. I am very glad that the city of Suzdal is thriving and doing its educational work. Let our fellow countrymen preserve and multiply the best that was created by their ancestors.".

To my great joy, six months later I had a new meeting with this amazing man on Suzdal soil. Pavel Vasilyevich came to Suzdal from Leningrad with his son, an architect, daughter-in-law, editor of Leningrad Television, and granddaughter, an artist, in a passenger car, covering a distance of 950 kilometers. This is in the 95th year of his life... And he chose a glorious time - May 1, 1980. The Shmakovs settled in the hotel of the Main Tourist Complex. The city greeted the guest with good sunny weather. But on May 2 it started to rain. Pavel Vasilyevich was determined and, as soon as the rain subsided, together with his family, inviting a guide, he went on a journey through Suzdal antiquity, visiting his native village of Snovitsy.

The city delighted him with its newness, freshness, elegant churches, the power of the monastery walls, and the lively, seething flow of tourists. “The first time I came to Suzdal from Vypovo (a village located 15 kilometers from the city - Yu.V.) with my grandfather, on a shaking cart,” recalled P.V. Shmakov. “It was back at the end of the last century... My maternal grandfather, Mikhail Semenovich Korolkov, in the tavern “America” - there was one in Suzdal - treated me to tea with kalach, showed me the Suzdal Kremlin chimes...”

This antique watch is a detail that is etched in my memory. When the next day we met with Pavel Vasilyevich in a hotel room, he started talking about them. In the 17th century they knew how to create such complex mechanisms - miracle watches with bells. “Is it possible to find somewhere a description of the mechanism of the Suzdal chimes, the history of their creation? And send it to Leningrad?” - he asked…

“I first learned about radio in Snovitsy,” he said unexpectedly. “It was 1896, a terrible year for Russia. Celebrated on May 18, the day of accession to the throne of Tsar Nicholas II. In Moscow, a celebration was held on Khodynka Field, and royal gifts were distributed. About two thousand people died in the resulting crowd. There were a lot of Snovitsky peasants there. Father, older brother as well. And so they gathered near our house, sat on logs, and began to discuss the tragedy. And at the end one of the peasants said: “But the British invented the wireless transmission of telegrams!” Everyone began to ask and argue: “How? Can't be!" “And like this: I left the house, threw a telegram, and it flew with the wind...”

“I was 11 years old then,” says Pavel Vasilievich. - What’s interesting is that not a word was said about Popov. The newspapers wrote that radio was invented in England, Marconi did it. How did it happen? Popov was the first to assemble the device, published his experiments in Kronstadt in a local newspaper, but this event did not receive wide publicity at that time...

Wasn’t it then that a dream arose in the inquisitive boy’s head to study, to find out for himself what this thing was - “telegram by air?..”

Suzdal residents keep the memory of the outstanding fellow countryman. The house in which P.V. Shmakov was born and lived in Snovitsy has been taken under state protection, and over time it will house a museum exhibition.

The Roman philosopher Seneca said: “Life is a duty if it is full. So let’s measure it by actions, not by time.” Pavel Vasilyevich Shmakov lived a long (96 years) and surprisingly full life, the content and purpose of which was to serve people and society.

Shmakov Pavel Vasilievich

“...Currently, humanity is on the eve of global television broadcasting, which will make us eyewitnesses of events taking place in every corner of the globe.” These words belong to a man who is respectfully called the “professor of television.”
We are talking about the outstanding scientist Professor Pavel Vasilyevich Shmakov, Hero of Socialist Labor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR.
The name of the scientist, who invested his talent, knowledge and work in creating the theory and technology of television, was well known in the Soviet Union. Thanks to this contribution, the country's first television broadcasts from Shabolovka and subsequent television broadcasts from the Soviet lunar rover on the Moon were carried out.
Shmakov's name was well known abroad - he often represents the country at international scientific symposiums on television. There he participated in the development of the most important problems of television.

Born in Vladimir district, on December 16 (28), 1885, in a house that has survived to this day (a memorial plaque is installed on his house), a son, Pavel, was born to the Shmakov peasants.
Until the age of 12, Pavel lived in his native village, studied at a parish school, and then he and his father, Vasily Andreevich Shmakov, left for Moscow. Until 1899 P.V. Shmakov studied at the third Rogozhsky men's primary school, where he was assigned by his father, then at the Delvigovsky railway school, which he graduated in 1903.
At the age of 18, Pavel began serving as a foreman on the construction of the Moscow Circular Railway, but did not work for long and, deciding to continue his studies, entered the Imperial Moscow University.
In 1905 he participated in the December armed uprising of the proletariat in Moscow. The young man’s thirst for knowledge was so great that, despite enormous difficulties, he was able to independently prepare for admission to the university’s Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.
Since 1911, Shmakov has been engaged in research work in the laboratory of the famous physicist Professor Lebedev. During his studies, he had an internship at the construction of the Moscow Circular Railway as a foreman. Classes were interrupted by the First World War. In 1914, Shmakov was drafted into the active army and sent to the front. In the army he is assigned as a signalman.
In the first months of the Great October Revolution, Shmakov was assistant commander of the radio division. After demobilization from the army, Shmakov returned to Snovitsy. Here he is involved in the construction of a new life. Snovitsky peasants elect him deputy chairman of the volost land committee.
Since 1920, Shmakov was again at scientific work. At the behest of his heart, he chooses a difficult, ascetic path into a still unknown area of knowledge - television. Professor P.V. Shmakov now proudly notes in his scientific works the merits of Russian scientists in the development of this new science, which has enriched the life of all mankind.
“The basis of television image transmission,” he writes, “are three physical processes:
1) conversion of light radiant energy into electrical signals;
2) transmission and reception of electrical signals;
3) conversion of electrical signals into light pulses.
All three of these problems were solved in Russia.”
Shmakov writes that the first problem was solved by establishing in 1888-1890. the main laws of the external photoelectric effect, the second - by A. S. Popov, who discovered the wireless telegraph in 1895, and the third - by the teacher of the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology B. L. Rosing, who in 1907 developed a system of “cathode telescopy” using a cathode ray tube for reproduction images and carried out the world's first television broadcast in 1911.
A.G. Stoletov, as you know, was born and studied in Vladimir. Continuing the work begun by the great scientist from Vladimir, his follower Shmakov successfully reveals some other mysteries of physical processes and solves new problems. In 1924, together with V. Shuleikin, he managed to establish radiotelephone communication with a moving train. In 1927, he established long-distance phototelegraph communication between Moscow and Berlin.
Shmakov took part in the development of the Soviet radio industry and was one of the leaders in the construction of the radio station on Shabolovka. Later, the antenna of this station was the first in the Soviet Union to begin television broadcasts. In 1931, television broadcasting began in the country. A huge share of the credit for this belonged to Shmakov.
The first industrially suitable cathode ray tube - the iconoscope - was designed by the Soviet scientist S.I. Kataev. Two years later, in 1933, P.V. Shmakov and V.P. Timofeev created a new type of transmitting tube, more sensitive - a supericonoscope.

In 1935-1937 headed the laboratory at the All-Union Research Institute of Television (Leningrad), in 1946-1948. its director.
Since 1937, head of the television department at the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute of Communications.

Shmakov was engaged not only in scientific work. He passed on his knowledge to younger generations. His teaching experience spanned more than half a century. He is the permanent head of the television department of the Leningrad Electrotechnical Institute. Bonch-Bruevich. He owns more than 200 scientific papers. He created about 30 textbooks and teaching aids. For the textbook “Television” P.V. Shmakov was awarded the State Prize.
The scientist's comprehensive knowledge and rich erudition allowed him to achieve outstanding results wherever he worked. He was the director of the world's first experimental installation for underwater television. For the first time in the country, Shmakov successfully used television for dispatch service on the railway. With his participation, an industrial television system was developed.

Pavel Vasilievich Shmakov

In the 1950s, Shmakov's department successfully conducted experiments in surround (stereoscopic) television. Following this, there, in Leningrad, color television broadcasts were carried out for the first time in the Soviet Union. Later, scientists successfully conducted an experiment with color stereoscopic television. “Thanks to the works of P.V. Shmakov and his students, another direction arose - multi-angle television, which allows you to see an object on the screen not only from the foreground, but also from the side,” writes the newspaper “Moscow Speaks and Shows” (January 5-11, 1976 G.).
In 1935, Shmakov was the first to express the idea of television reception via airplanes. In 1950, he made several reports on space television; he theoretically proved that only three satellites would be needed to serve the entire globe with television. There were no satellites then, and it seemed fantastic.
The professor also made a great contribution to solving practical problems of space television.
Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals.

Date of death: A country: Scientific field:

theory of transmission and reproduction of television signals

Place of work: Academic degree: Academic title: Alma mater: Scientific adviser: