Types of theaters by age groups. Types of theaters in dhow

teacher's pedagogical experience:

Tereshchenko N.N., Vad village

Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten "Chamomile"

Modern preschool institutions are looking for new humanistic, person-centered approaches to education. Today, many teachers are concerned about finding unconventional paths V creative interaction with kids. How to make every activity with a child interesting and exciting, to simply and unobtrusively tell him about the most important thing - about the beauty and diversity of this world, how interesting it is to live in it? How to teach a child everything he needs in this difficult modern life? How to educate and develop his basic abilities: to hear, see, feel, understand, fantasize and invent?

The relevance of this problem is determined by the fact that the development of creative abilities in children contributes to the comprehensive development of the child’s personality and increases the opportunities for his further education. One of the most popular and exciting destinations in preschool education is a theatrical activity. It is theatrical activities that make it possible to solve many pedagogical problems related to the formation of the expressiveness of a child’s speech, intellectual and artistic-aesthetic education. By participating in theatrical games, children become participants in various events from the lives of people, animals, and plants, which gives them the opportunity to gain deeper knowledge the world. At the same time, theatrical play instills in the child a sustainable interest in native culture, literature, theater. Huge and educational value theatrical games, children develop a respectful attitude towards each other, they learn the joy associated with overcoming communication difficulties and self-doubt.

My main goal is to develop children's creative abilities through theatrical arts. Theatrical activity develops the child’s personality, instills a sustainable interest in literature and theater, improves the skill of embodying certain experiences in play, and encourages the creation of new images.

Tasks:

1. To consolidate children’s ideas about various types of puppet theaters, to be able to distinguish them and name them (table theater, toy theater, shadow theater, mitten theater, etc.)
2. Develop children's speech with the help of puppet theater, improve the ability to convey emotional condition characters by facial expressions, gestures, body movements.
3. Develop memory, thinking, imagination, attention of children.

Expected results:

• enrich lexicon children with nouns, adjectives, adverbs.
• Increase children's speech activity.
• Encourage students to speak in complete sentences and write fairy tales.
• Develop elements of creativity and initiative; with the help of the teacher, participate in the staging and dramatization of folk tales.
• To instill in children an interest and love for fiction.

Usage non-traditional forms in theatrical activities:

• Non-traditional form of teaching (the content of such classes is not only familiarization with the text, but also with gestures, facial expressions, movements, costumes)
• The use of bright, non-traditional subject equipment for the lesson: a set of soft modules as decorations that allow you to change plot picture theatrical performance, non-traditional materials for making various types of theater.

I have been working on this topic for three years. I started my work by picking up different kinds theaters Then she actively began to use theater in her classes, performing with children theatrical performances. The guys in my group showed such tales as "Turnip" , "Kolobok" , "The Tale of the Cockerel" , "Swan geese" , "How the hares built a house" (application).

Chapter 1. Puppet show as an art form

1. 1. Puppet theater in kindergarten

Theater is one of the most democratic and accessible forms of art for children. It allows you to solve many actual problems modern pedagogy, geeks and psychology related to:

• art education and raising children.
• formation of aesthetic taste.
• moral education
• development communication skills personality.
• education of will, development of memory, imagination, fantasy and speech.
• creating a positive emotional mood, relieving tension and conflicts through play.

Theater not only reveals spiritual and creative potential child, but also gives him real opportunity adapt to social sphere. He provides big influence on comprehensive development child's personality.

From teaching practice it is clear that children most of all love to play with theater puppets, show performances, improvise. Playing with a theatrical doll, the child, on behalf of the hero, talks about his thoughts and feelings; with the help of the doll, he can express and regulate his own experiences. By playing with dolls and interacting with other people, timid children begin to understand the process of communicating with peers and as adults, they will be able to behave differently and, depending on the situation, show persistence.

Modern children do not have a sufficient understanding of the life of their ancestors, their way of life, traditions and customs. Folk festivals and fun occupied a very noticeable place in the life of the Russian people. IN fair festivities the foundations of the future were emerging professional theater. Studying the history of Russian culture and participating in performances will help children better understand the traditions of their people.

Puppet theater is an art that kids get acquainted with at early stage of his life, is a favorite children's show. Children are often afraid of Santa Claus, Bear and other characters performed by actors on the stage of theaters, but they enjoy playing with toys depicting them small size. Accustomed to the small size of toys, they are not afraid of the wolf or Baba Yaga, they even shake their fingers and drive them away. Therefore, a puppet theater for little ones even has some advantages over a theater in which human artists perform. It has long become a necessary component in the life of our kindergarten. "Chamomile" .

What is the importance of puppet theater for the development of children? preschool age?

• Our puppet theater has a whole range of effects on little viewers artistic means. When showing puppet theater performances, both the artistic word and a visual image are used: a doll, picturesque and decorative design, a song, and musical accompaniment.
• Professional use of puppet theater is of great help in daily work with children for the development of mental, moral, aesthetic education in children. Creates for children good mood, enriches them with impressions, evokes emotions in them, contributes to the development of patriotism and artistic education. The happy smiles, sparkling eyes and joyful faces of our children during the performance convincingly demonstrate how much children love puppet theater and eagerly await the opening of the curtain.
• Its educational value is very important. During the preschool period, the child begins to develop character, interests, and attitude towards the environment. It is at this age that it is very useful to show children examples of friendship, kindness, love for Russia, honesty, truthfulness, hard work, to show tears and laughter, and the way of modern life.
• Puppet theater, by its nature, is close and understandable to young children and therefore has a huge emotional impact on them. On the stage of our theater they see familiar and favorite dolls and toys. When the “come to life” dolls begin to move and speak, they transport children to a completely new, fascinating world, the world of living toys, where everything is unusual, everything is possible and attractive.
• Music is an important component of the performance and aesthetic education of children. It sets off, sets the character and rhythm of each character, each mise-en-scène, and emphasizes the rhythmic movements of the dolls and their mood. A puppet theater performance does not take place without the singing and dancing of puppets, which children love and know very much. Music shapes, gives volume and charisma to the performance. Familiar melodies and songs bring children and heroes closer together. It is very good when children themselves sing a song with the hero and dance during a break in the performance along with the heroes, performing familiar movements in games and dances.

You can start introducing children to puppet theater from the first junior group. Teachers and older preschoolers show small performances to the kids, using various types of theaters for this purpose: picture theater, bi-ba-bo theater.

By the end of the year, children of the first junior group, having accumulated some experience, try to independently participate in a puppet show. This desire must be supported, developed and strengthened. A finger theater is suitable for this purpose.

For children of the second youngest group, the simplest and most accessible theater is a puppet theater on the table.

In the middle group we move on to more complex theater. We introduce children to the theater screen and to riding dolls and puppets.

In the older group, you should introduce children to puppets, show them dolls with "living hand" .

1. 2.Types of puppet theaters

In our kindergarten we make and use puppets ourselves in working with children in the following types of puppet theater:

• picture theater
• theater on flannelgraph
• table theater
• theater of boxes, balls, cylinders.
• finger theater
• mitten theater
• toy theater
• Bi-ba-bo theater
• shadow theater

A picture theater, a flannelgraph theater and a tabletop theater - it is the easiest to make and display. Kids can draw and cut out such a theater themselves. They will draw pictures, silhouettes and come up with their own stories for them. Everything here is flat and dolls and decorations, flannelgraph - are shown on a special board (covered with flannel), tabletop theater - on a stage-table. Everything is available cut out of paper or cardboard. The purpose of such theaters is to add variety to play in groups, to make the toy more interesting for them, to entertain and please children with something made with their own hands. Games with flannelgraph develop Creative skills and promote them aesthetic education. Little children love to look at pictures in books, but if the pictures are shown to be moving and actionable, they will enjoy it even more. (application).

Toy theater - everything is three-dimensional. The toys used are ordinary children's ones, bought in a store, plus various things may be needed for display: dishes, a basket, a crib. It is desirable that all toys be of the same texture. Such a presentation helps to create a more vivid perception and develops children’s spatial and figurative vision. The content of the scene should be extremely simple, without movements and actions that are difficult for toys to perform. To show that the toy is walking, we move it slowly forward; if it runs, move it faster. During the show, you should sit calmly in front of the audience, look at the operating toy, do not make unnecessary movements and avoid unnecessary facial expressions, so as not to distract attention from what is happening on stage, do not keep your free hand on the table, but immediately remove it (application). Goal: to improve the ability to convey the emotional state of characters using puppeteering techniques.

Theater of boxes, balls, cylinders - children make themselves from ready-made materials: boxes and balls. All that remains is to draw or glue - eyes, noses, ears, horns, bows and aprons, hooves and shoes. And what is needed for a little fairy tale. The children themselves will offer a lot of interesting things while they work. (application). The purpose of such theaters is to add variety to the game, make the toy more interesting for children, entertain and delight them with something made with their own hands.

Theater of fingers - small bags made of fabric and placed on children's fingers. These bags have elements of animals and the image of people (application). Goal: develop fine motor skills hands, improve gestures.

Theater of mittens - children's mittens and gloves. No need to overload with real details (application). Goal: to develop the ability to drive dolls, independently invent movements to create an image, and develop fine motor skills.

Theater Bi-ba-bo - the doll is put on the hand, where forefinger- this is the head, and the fingers on the right and left are the hands (application). Goal: to consolidate doll control skills with "living hand" , enrich children's vocabulary, develop clear and correct diction.

Shadow theater is silhouettes of plots and puppets, cut out of cardboard and covered with black ink (application). Goal: to develop children’s imagination, teach them to interact collectively and consistently with each other, showing their individuality.

In order for puppet performances to be professionally bright, we adults first learn to use theatrical puppets ourselves. The stage of our theater is a screen. The action of puppets and scenery takes place on it. Behind the screen are the puppeteers with their puppets with attributes for the performance.

1. 3. Theatrical games

Theatrical art is close and understandable to children, because the basis of theater is play. As children develop independence, more and more new ideas for theatrical games appear, the impetus for the development of which are fairy tales, stories, stories, cartoons, which caused bright images And interesting stories desire to play. The game is the most accessible to the child and an interesting way for him to process and express impressions, knowledge and emotions. In a theatrical game it is carried out emotional development: children get acquainted with the feelings and moods of the characters, master the ways of their external expression, and understand the reasons for this or that mood. The importance of theatrical play is also great for speech development (improving dialogues and monologues, mastering the expressiveness of speech). Finally, theatrical play is a means of self-expression and self-realization for the child.

The characteristic features of theatrical games are the literary or folklore basis of their content and the presence of spectators. They can be divided into two main groups: dramatizations and directorial ones.

In dramatization games, the child, playing a role as "artist" , independently creates an image using a set of means of verbal and non-verbal expressiveness. Types of dramatization are:

• games that imitate images of animals, people, literary characters;
• role-playing dialogues based on text;
• staging of works; staging performances based on one or more works;
• improvisational games with plot acting out (or several stories) without preliminary preparation.

In the director's game “the artists are the toys or their substitutes, and the child, organizing the activity, is like a “scriptwriter and director” , controls "artists" . "Voicing" characters and commenting on the plot, he uses different means of verbal expression. The types of director's games are determined in accordance with the variety of theaters used in kindergarten.

Theatrical activities simultaneously perform cognitive, educational and developmental functions.

By participating in theatrical games, children learn about the world around them and become participants in events in the lives of people, animals and plants. The themes of theatrical games can be varied.

The educational value of theatrical games lies in the formation respectful attitude children to each other, the development of collectivism. Particularly important moral lessons fairy tales-games that children receive as a result of a joint analysis of each game.

Theatrical games develop children's creative activity. Children become interested when they not only speak, but also act like fairy-tale characters.

In theatrical play, children imitate the movements of the characters, while their coordination is improved and a sense of rhythm is developed. And movements, in turn, increase the activity of the speech-motor analyzer.

From game to game, children’s activity increases, they memorize the text, transform, enter into character, and master the means of expression. Children begin to feel responsible for the success of the game.

Speaking in front of the audience, children overcome shyness and embarrassment and mobilize their attention. All these qualities will have a beneficial effect on educational activities child at school, will help him feel confident among his peers.

So, theatrical play is one of the most effective ways impact on the child, in which the principle of learning is most clearly manifested: learn by playing!

Chapter 2. Theatrical activity as a process of interaction, communication and learning

2. 1.Theatrical activities as a priority direction of my teaching activity

Important from the very beginning early childhood introduce little man to theatre, literature, painting. The earlier this is started, the greater results can be achieved. Working in kindergarten "Chamomile" , I chose theatrical activity as one of my priority areas.

Starting from the 2nd junior group until graduation, I teach children the basics acting and at the same time introducing them to various types of puppet theaters. For this purpose I use artistic and finger games, games for the expressiveness of movements, their plasticity and coordination.

Bibabo is the simplest doll, consisting of a head and a dress in the form of a glove. The head has a special hole for the index finger, and the thumb and middle finger used for gesturing with the hands of a doll. Such a doll determined the fate of Sergei Obraztsov, who writes in his memoirs: My mother gave me a small funny doll. This doll was called Bibabo and consisted of a celluloid head and a blue robe that fits on the hand like a glove... Everything Bibabo did was funny and a little touching. I both loved and felt sorry for him, just as children love and feel sorry for little kittens. I even took it with me for a walk, and it stuck out in the sleeve of my sheepskin coat, looking at passers-by, a policeman, children on Chistoprudny Boulevard or a store window... Is it because the sky is blue and the earth is my lover in this festive cleansing, I give you poetry , cheerful as bibabo and sharp and necessary as toothpicks! (Vladimir Mayakovsky)

Palm theater on plates Mitten masks. The theater is made from disposable paper plates. Colored watercolor paints, coated with colorless varnish.

Tantamaresque Theater Tantamaresque – stand with bright pattern, which contains a funny plot, and holes are cut out where the characters' heads should be. The characters are given interesting poses, you can place them against the background fairyland or outer space, it depends on your imagination. Tantamaresque is a doll with the help of which facial expressions, emotional expressiveness of speech and gestures, and expressiveness of movements are practiced.

1. Introducing the theatrical doll Bi-ba-bo and theatrical games. 2. Imitation games. 3. Practicing basic emotions. First junior group

Consistent acquaintance with types of theaters and the basics of acting. 1. Games that imitate individual actions of humans, animals and birds. 2. Game-imitation of images of well-known people fairy tale characters. 3. Improvisation game to music. 4. One-theme wordless improvisation game with one character based on the texts of poems and jokes. Second junior group

5. Game-improvisation based on texts short tales, stories, poems. 6. Role-playing dialogue between fairy tale heroes. 7. Dramatizing fragments of fairy tales about animals. 8. Single-theme improvisation game with several characters folk tales and author's texts.

Puppet theater should be combined with theatrical play. 1. Multi-character dramatization games based on the texts of two or three-part fairy tales about animals and fairy tales. 2. Dramatization games based on the texts of stories on the topics “Children and their games”, “Guys and animals”, “The work of adults”. 3. Staging a performance based on the work. Middle group

4. Acquaintance with facial expressions and pantomime. 5. Theater productions based on poetic and prose works(S. Marshak “The Tale of stupid mouse", K. Chukovsky "Confusion"). 6. Finger Theater V independent activity(“We lived with grandma”, S. Mikhalkov “Kittens”, L. Zubkova “We shared an orange”)

Senior group In the senior group, all children actively participate in theatrical games and dramatizations. 1. Children are already available independent productions performances, including those based on a “collage” of several literary works. 2. Puppets and dolls with a living hand are added. 3. Russians are used folk tales-fables about animals.

In the preparatory group, theatrical games differ more complex characters characters, difficult to develop mise-en-scène (position of actors on stage). Develops the ability to perform the same actions in different situations, circumstances and in different ways. Kindness and sociability are fostered in communication with peers. Children learn to respond appropriately to the behavior of their partners. Children compose sketches with imaginary circumstances. Preparatory group

View puppet shows and conversations on them; Dramatization games; Exercises for social-emotional development; Corrective and educational games; Diction exercises (articulation gymnastics); Tasks for the development of speech intonation expressiveness; Transformation games (“learn to control your body”), imaginative exercises; Exercises for the development of children's plasticity; Contents of theatrical activities classes

Rhythmic minutes (logorhythmics); Finger play training for the development of hand motor skills, necessary for puppeteering; Exercises to develop expressive facial expressions, elements of the art of pantomime; Theater sketches; Selected ethics exercises during dramatizations; Preparation (rehearsals) and performance of various fairy tales and performances;

Familiarity not only with the text of the fairy tale, but also with the means of its dramatization - gesture, facial expressions, movement, costume, scenery (props), mise-en-scène, etc. One of the conditions for children to successfully master theatrical activities and improve speech is effective interaction with parents. Thus, theatrical play has an impact on the development of coherent speech in children if it arouses interest and desire to join the game, and also takes into account age and individual abilities.

• 1. Tabletop toy theater. This theater uses a wide variety of toys - factory-made and homemade, from natural and any other material. Here the imagination is not limited, the main thing is that the toys and crafts stand steadily on the table and do not interfere with movement.
• 2. Tabletop picture theater. All pictures - characters and decorations - must be double-sided, since turns are inevitable, and to prevent the figures from falling, supports are needed, which can be very diverse, but must be quite stable. This is ensured by the correct ratio of the weight or support area to the height of the picture. The higher the picture, the larger or weightier the support area is needed.

The actions of toys and pictures in the tabletop theater are limited. But you should not pick them up and move them from place to place. It is important to imitate the desired movement: running, jumping, walking and at the same time pronounce the text. The state of the character, his mood is conveyed by the intonation of the presenter - joyful, sad, plaintive.

It is best to hide characters before the game starts. Their appearance during the action creates an element of surprise and arouses the interest of children.

In order to create an idea of ​​the scene, use decorative elements: two or three trees are a forest, green cloth or paper on a table is a lawn, a blue ribbon is a stream. Don’t spend a lot of time on such preparations and involve children in them, teach them to fantasize, come up with new original details for the decoration - and then everyone will be interested.

• 3. Stand-book. The dynamics and sequence of events are easy to depict using successive illustrations. For travel type games it is convenient to use a stand book. Secure it to the bottom of the board. On the top - place the transport on which the trip will take place. As the trip progresses, the presenter (first the teacher, and then the child), turning over the sheets of the book stand, demonstrates various scenes depicting events and meetings that take place along the way. You can also illustrate episodes from the life of a kindergarten if each page depicts a new routine process.
• 4. Flannelograph. Pictures are also good to show on the screen. They are held in place by the adhesion of the flannel that covers the screen and the back of the picture. Instead of flannel, you can stick pieces of sandpaper or velvet paper on the pictures. Together with the children, select drawings from old books and magazines, and the missing ones can be completed. This gives the guys pleasure. Use natural materials too.

Screens of various shapes allow you to create “living” pictures that are convenient to demonstrate to the whole group of children. All children can work on prism screens in pairs at the same time during classes. The scenes on the screens are different, and children will be able to see the variety of options for depicting the same topic.

This type of game makes it easy to depict crowd scenes, for example " Air parade", "Migration of birds", "Launch space rocket" and etc.

5. Shadow theater. What is needed is a screen of translucent paper, expressively cut out black flat characters and a bright light source behind them, thanks to which the characters cast shadows on the screen. Very interesting images obtained using the fingers. For example, you can make a goose, a hare, barking dog, an angry turkey, fighting boxers, etc. Just remember to accompany the show with appropriate sound.

To show a scene with several characters at the same time, install a bar at the bottom of the screen on which you can strengthen the figure. For example, the grandfather pulls the turnip first. Strengthen his figure on the bar and display the headstock, etc. Place the figures close to the screen so that the shadows are clear. Position yourself below or to the side of the screen so that your shadow does not fall on it.

Shadow theater is good to use during leisure hours.

6. Finger Theater. The child puts the attributes on his fingers, but, as in dramatization, he himself acts for the character whose image is on his hand. As the action progresses, the child moves one or all fingers, pronouncing the text, moving his hand behind the screen. You can do without a screen and depict actions by moving freely around the room.

Finger theater is good when you need to show several characters at the same time. For example, in the fairy tale "Turnip" new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can be performed by one child using his fingers. Fairy tales “The Goat and the Seven Little Kids”, “Twelve Months”, “Boy-Ki-Balchish”, “Geese-Swans” and others with many characters can be shown by two or three children who are located behind the screen. The display of such fairy tales with crowd scenes is possible thanks to finger attributes.

7. Bibabo.

In these games, a doll is placed on the fingers of the hand. The movements of her head, arms, and torso are carried out using movements of the fingers and hand.

Bibabo dolls usually operate on a screen behind which the driver is hidden. But when the game is familiar or the dolls are driven by the children themselves, i.e. the moment of mystery has disappeared, then the drivers can go out to the audience, communicate with them, give them something, take someone by the hand, involve them in the game, etc. Such “exposure” does not reduce, but rather increases the interest and activity of the children.

When children see an adult playing with bibabo dolls, they will most likely also want to learn how to drive them themselves. If the doll turns out to be too big for a child’s hand, then you can insert two fingers into the head instead of one. Shorten the doll's sleeves so that the children's fingers fit into the sleeves of the hands. You can also make dolls for children's hands. Well-preserved parts from old broken toys and soft animals will be useful for this. Dress them up and make them up for the desired role. Show the children how the doll should move, how to move it across the screen.

8. Improvisation - acting out a theme, a plot without preliminary preparation - is perhaps the most difficult, but also the most interesting game. Everyone is preparing for it previous types theater And yet children will be at a loss if you suddenly invite them to act out this or that scene. Prepare them for this - come up with a theme together, discuss how to portray it, what the roles and characteristic episodes will be.

The next step is to let each participant in the game depict the theme in their own way. And even more difficult task: the child chooses a theme and acts it out himself. Next time the guys will ask each other topics themselves. And finally, with the help of facial expressions, intonation, and attribute, you can make a riddle. The answer is the theme, which is also played out.

In a variety of means of influence on the formation of the personality of a preschool child important place occupies the theater. This is a special synthetic type of art that organically combines the artistic word, dramatic action, poetry, painting, and literature. It helps the child to know himself deeper, inner world, encourages him to improve himself, evoking aesthetic feelings and emotions during the theatrical performance.

If you create conditions for its development, the child will certainly discover the abilities inherent in him by nature. Teachers see their task as identifying these first abilities and, against this background, creating conditions for the full development of personality.

We dedicate preschoolers to the purpose and history of the theater, to the creativity of actors.

Experienced and experienced people work with children creative teachers Taking into account their pedagogical experience, they never stop there. By updating the educational process, they are looking for new forms and methods of organization. Therefore, the idea arose to organize an unconventional theater.

Working on the creation of a new theater is a flight of fancy, a great way to show the creative abilities of children, teachers, parents, the opportunity to transform seemingly ordinary objects into fairy-tale heroes, Scenery.

To make aprons, teachers used bright, multi-colored fabrics, which were most suitable for placing decorations: for winter story- apron blue color, to depict the forest, helped to depict the plot in the play “The Lame Duck” yellow etc.

The decorations are made in colors so that they do not “suppress” the doll, but “work” for it and for the script as a whole.

Dolls and decorations are made from various improvised materials and natural material: fabrics, furs, threads, paper, foam rubber, straw, branches, artificial flowers, ribbons and other things. In preparation, teachers successfully combined various techniques character creation.

Having created the first production on the apron “The Cat and the Cockerel”, we noticed that this type theater evokes a sea of ​​emotions in children; makes storage compact and easy to carry and arrange (all dolls and decorations are in separate pockets).

Also, this method of theatrical performance provides the opportunity to show performances during walks in the warm season, ensuring maximum exposure of children to the fresh air.

We successfully use theater on an apron in educational activities when we need to count characters, consolidate spatial orientation skills, the shape of objects, etc. After all, the knowledge gained along with impressions is quite strong and deep.

Therefore, bright, expressive, colorful theaters are already ready for the children of our kindergarten: “Kolobok”, “Turnip”, “Rukavichka”, “Cat and Cockerel”, “Spikelet”, “The Lame Duck”, “The Three Little Pigs”, “Little Red Riding Hood” »

Competence in artistic activity the child is determined by the level of development aesthetic perception objects and phenomena, the ability to select different means of implementing a plan, to demonstrate creative imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, emotional and value attitude towards the environment.

A child is able to respond emotionally to manifestations of the aesthetic, both in life and in art, and express his feelings in various types of artistic activity, including theater. Enjoys interacting with works of art of various types theater performances and finds himself an emotional and aesthetically sensitive viewer.

The ability to empathize with characters, understanding the meaning of the action, ideas, understanding artistic image– all this makes a child an excellent connoisseur of theatrical art.

And although in conditions today, the book gave way a little computer games And animated films, provided that the teacher creative person, he definitely knows how to interest children, turn them towards artistic expression. The teacher will try to use proactive forms of children using literary works, turning to literary works.

Familiarization with literary and folklore works has a positive effect on the development of the moral, communicative-speech, physical, intellectual spheres of the child, and especially on the development of children’s speech. The ability to form and express thoughts, conduct dialogue, and the like.

According to psychologists, not a single type of children's activity has such a colossal influence as independent theatrical activity.

Theatricalization occupies a special place in the work of the teacher. works of art for children and directly by the children themselves.

This type of work poses difficulties for student pedagogical interns as well. educational institution during educational teaching practice.

Observation of educational practice students makes it possible to conclude that, on the one hand, students underestimate the use of various types of theaters in working with children, on the other hand, students’ inability to use various theaters in working with children. This needs to be learned, and we focus on this in class. great attention to develop future educators certain skills on this issue.

One of the tasks of pedagogical practice is to conduct entertainment with preschool children, which may include entertainment with theatrical content of works of art and folk art.

Requirements for showing a picture theater performance

The teacher must know the text of the dramatized work well by heart, tell it very expressively, playing out each character with his voice. Place the decorations on the stage table so that they do not interfere with the children’s vision of the characters. With his gaze directed at the character who is now speaking, the teacher helps the children understand this more easily.

Shadow play

When showing a shadow theater, the teacher uses only those works that are well known to the children, so that they can easily recognize in silhouette this or that image from a familiar work.

Toy Theater

For a toy theater, it is advisable to use toys made of the same material (plastic, soft, etc.). In this type of theater, the texts of works of the heroic direction and fairy tales are not used, because the toy cannot convey heroism or fabulousness.

Petrushka Theater

Special requirements are imposed on the Petrushka Theater, the components of which are:

• scenario;
• decoration;
• musical arrangement;
• artistic word;
• doll driving technique.

The script of the Parsley Theater stipulates that, even familiar piece for children it should contain something new: you can add characters and their actions, monologues, that is, it is advisable to weave positive actions into the plot.

It is better when the performance ends with the performance of a song about friendship, especially when the children sing along with the performing dolls, that is, the song should be familiar to the children.

Requirements for the decoration of the performance

The decoration should create a positive emotional state in children, facilitate understanding of the content of the performance, and complement it. The decoration should be bright, aesthetic, hygienic, conditionally proportional to each other (for example, a tree and a bush, a table and a chair), as well as in relation to the dolls (a doll and a bed, or a doll and a house, a tree).

There should be no unnecessary scenery that is not involved in the performance: there is a sun in the sky, let one of the characters pay attention to it, “How warm it is today, how brightly the sun is shining...”, if there are mushrooms on the stage, one of the characters needs to characters collected them...

Musical accompaniment of a theatrical performance

Of particular importance in the performance is its musical design, which appeals to aesthetic feelings and tunes in to the emotional perception of the performance. Music should begin the performance, complement the characters and their actions, generally lead the plot of the play, and evoke positive emotions in children.

The voiceover of the script text is of great importance, i.e. monologues embedded in the language of dolls. You need to use your voice to reveal each image as clearly as possible, and also do it in such a way that the children do not recognize the voice of their teacher, who works in this moment behind a screen, because this will distract children from the plot of the play, since a preschooler’s attention is unstable.

We must remember that behind the screen the voice changes and becomes deaf, so the text should be pronounced much louder and clearer than in Everyday life. The text of the script must be known by heart, because driving the puppets and their language require some effort to combine them during the performance.

Driving a puppet on a screen requires careful preparation and testing of knowledge so that the faces “come to life” on stage during the performance. As in decoration, certain requirements for dolls should be adhered to: aesthetic, hygienic, pedagogical.

If the first two requirements are clear, then we should focus on the pedagogical requirements. Especially it concerns negative characters. They shouldn’t be scary so that child viewers don’t get scared of them, and the dubbing of their monologues shouldn’t be painted over with a “scary” voice either.

Doll driving technique

Certain requirements are imposed on the technique of driving puppets: how the doll appears on the screen, how it leaves the stage, their gait... The staging of the performance must be determined in advance.

Remember that when two dolls are talking on a screen, and who is speaking “now”, you can slightly move your “hand”, “chairman”; and whoever is listening should be static, then it will be easier for children to perceive and understand who is speaking now.

When the children themselves participate in the production, the teacher carries out careful work on studying the roles of the play, the technique of driving puppets, preparing the scenery together with the children, exercising with the puppet on a screen, and only then showing the finished performance to the children of another group.

The result of such painstaking work is invaluable pedagogical impact on children, both those involved in the performance and those viewing it.

So the question is everyone preschool institution it is advisable to have a corner of the theater, a center theatrical activities, which should be a mandatory component of the subject - spatial environment from the third year of children’s life, so that children have free access to theatrical toys, elements of costumes and screens, were used according to at will without instructions from the teacher.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Theater for a child is always a holiday, a bright, unforgettable experience. Expression " Fairytale world childhood" - no empty words. In the life of a child there is a fairy tale with its own good heroes, transformations and magic items. The fairy tale is close and understandable to children, and they find the embodiment of their fantasies and reflection of their worldview in the theater. To ensure joint and independent theatrical activities of children in groups, “Theatrical Corners” have been created. In order to realize the individual interests, inclinations and needs of preschoolers, the subject-spatial environment should ensure the right and freedom of choice of each child to favorite hobby or a theatricalization of your favorite work. Therefore, we, teachers, together with parents, tried to create various types of theaters, which we bring to your attention.

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First junior group The development of children's interest in theatrical and play activities begins with early age, when simple varieties of theater help in conveying an image, the ability to express it through movement and words. You can interest your child in the world of theatrical play by participating in a mini-play, supporting his very minor successes in every possible way. This requires special types of theater for children.

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There is a finger theater (when each doll is put on a finger); rubber dolls (presented in the form rubber toys); tabletop theater (characters, as well as some attributes of the fairy tale, hut, trees, etc., are presented in the form of wooden figurines). Also in the theater corner there is a theater of masks and various hats depicting characters. .

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Second junior group In the second younger group the ability to use certain means of expressiveness is formed (facial expressions, gestures, movements, strength and timbre of voice, tempo of speech). These means are used to convey the image of the hero, his emotions and experiences. Gradually, children become involved in the process of playful communication with theatrical dolls and figurines of fairy-tale characters.

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This age group presents such types of theater as tabletop-cone theater, theater on flannelgraph, theater on glasses, and perhaps the most mysterious and interesting - shadow theater. Puppet theater on the table - promotes mastery of puppet control techniques tabletop theater(dolls made of paper cones, cylinders, boxes, toys made of fabric, fur, foam rubber. Picture theater and flannelgraph - develops dexterity, the ability to control one’s movements, and concentrate on one type of activity. “Shadow Theater” is considered one of the most conventional theaters. It does not , no distracting colors or relief, so the attention of the child viewer is not scattered on the multiple and heterogeneous features of the object, but is focused only on its shape and movement. That is why it is accessible and well perceived by children.

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Middle group The child gradually moves: from playing “for himself” to playing aimed at the viewer; The simplest fairy tales are dramatized using a tabletop theater. Children's gaming experience is expanded by mastering theatrical play, different types tabletop theater: soft toy, knitted or conical and flat shapes.

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Horseback puppet theaters, a theater on sticks, and a theater of spoons are available to children. Children are introduced to the theatrical screen and the basics of puppeteering. Finger theater is more often used in independent activities based on familiar poems and nursery rhymes

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Senior group Children continue to improve their performing skills. The child becomes able to independently stage performances. The experience of directing is enriched by the use of puppets and dolls with a “living hand”. Used mask theater, theater on spoons, theater on sticks...