The author's position on the relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova. Why did the relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova end tragically? (based on the novel by I.S.

Topic: Bazarov in relations with Odintsova and Arkady.

The purpose of the lesson: 1) to trace through the text of the novel how the image of Bazarov is revealed in his love for Odintsova and in his relationship with Arkady,

2) develop skills oral speech, thinking, ability to analyze what you read;

3) to form the morality of students

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Teacher's word

With extraordinary depth, the author reveals Bazarov’s powerful, direct and passionate nature. Reading these pages, we must think about questions that cannot but worry us all: about true love, about Bazarov’s attitude towards the woman he loves. The lesson must be conducted emotionally, touching on these issues with great tact, helping students understand how the author’s attitude towards Bazarov is revealed.

In previous eyes, Turgenev showed that his hero is invisibly higher than the people around him, differs from them in his democracy, knowledge, intelligence, and fortitude. Noah there we noted the pages where the author polemicizes with Bazarov, namely with his attitude to art and nature. Telling the love story of his hero, the writer expands the polemic with him even wider, shows the inconsistency of the romantic views of the young nihilist, makes him “feel romantic in himself.” However, the author does not debunk Bazarov. He still remains strong big man, he is above Pavel Petrovich here too, since he did not put his LIFE “at stake” female love“, and he loves differently. In the depiction of Bazarov’s love, the inconsistency of Turgenev’s worldview, his duality, was reflected with particular force.
attitude towards Bazarov, who appears before us not as a photograph of a revolutionary commoner, but as an image refracted through the prism of the perception of a writer who did not understand much about the views and actions of revolutionary democracies.

III. Conversation.

Why did Odintsova attract Bazarov's attention?

She was beautiful, not like the provincial ladies.

How does Turgenev describe her portrait?

She amazes with the “dignity of her posture”, “the bright eyes looked calmly and intelligently, precisely calmly, and not thoughtfully... Some kind of gentle and soft power wafted from her face.”

Let us recall the dialogue between Arkady and Bazarov at the end of the fourteenth chapter.

Bazarov's remarks undoubtedly sound cynicism. Unlike revolutionary democrats Bazarov does not raise the question of women's emancipation. So he declares that “only freaks think freely between women” and compares a cold woman with ice cream.” However, it can be assumed that this cynicism is feigned, that it is caused by the desire to hide from Arkady and, perhaps, from himself the strong impression made at him by Odintsova. Indeed, the next day, “Arkady introduced Bazarov to her and noticed with secret surprise that he seemed embarrassed... Bazarov himself felt that he was embarrassed, and he felt annoyed: “Now you’re scared of the woman!” - he thought and, lounging in a chair no worse than Sitnikov, he spoke with exaggerated cheekiness, and Odintsova did not take her clear eyes off him.”

“Bazarov’s behavior in the first minutes of the visit had an unpleasant effect on her...; but she immediately realized that he felt embarrassed, and this even flattered her. The vulgarity alone repulsed her, but no one would blame Bazarov for vulgarity.” Responding to Odintsova’s invitation, Bazarov, to Arkady’s great surprise, blushed.

From what can we conclude that not only Odintsova’s beauty attracted Bazarov, but also her intelligence and breadth of interests?

“The conversation lasted for more than three hours, leisurely, varied and lively.”

– Odintsova is an intelligent woman and an interesting conversationalist. There was something else about this woman that attracted Bazarov to her.

Let us turn to the end of the fifteenth chapter (dialogue between Bazarov and Arkady).

Bazarov’s words again sound feigned cynicism (“Such a rich body!”, “It’s said - first class”), since it is unpleasant for him to admit the feeling that Odintsova aroused in him.

What separates Bazarov from Odintsova?

Bazarov considers her an aristocrat. “The Duchess, a sovereign person. She would only have to wear a train at the back and a crown on her head,” he remarks ironically.

What impression did Odintsova’s house make?

Bazarov is disgusted by the aristocratic spirit of this house - the footmen, the butler.

“What a grunge!” - he says, ironically using a French word, however, deliberately pronouncing it in the Russian way.

Let us pay attention to Bazarov’s dialogue with the butler.

Bazarov speaks to him with exaggerated politeness, as it was not customary to speak to servants: “There will be no orders, most honorable... perhaps you would deign to bring me a glass of vodka.” This tone, in which there is a mockery of aristocratic customs, caused legitimate bewilderment of the butler.

IV . Reading chapter 16 (scene of conversation with Odintsova) from the words: (“Odintsova turned to Bazarov...”, ending with the words: “... We must spare her ears”).

How does the manner of speaking and arguing differ from arguing with Pavel Petrovich?

From what words does it appear that Bazarov considers it necessary to restructure society?

“...Moral illnesses come from bad upbringing, from all sorts of trifles that fill people’s heads from childhood, from the ugly state of society in one word. Correct society, and there will be no diseases.”

To characterize Bazarov’s views, the assessment he gives is extremely important current state society - “ugly”.

Do you think Turgenev agrees with this assessment? How did he portray the situation in the country?

Turgenev, in a few strokes, but very eloquently, depicts the impoverishment of the peasants, the darkness of the people, the mismanagement of the landowners, the insignificance and bureaucracy of the highest officials. In assessing the state of society, the writer agrees with his hero.

So, in a conversation with Odintsova, Bazarov willingly expresses his views and shares his thoughts with her. This conversation is serious. concerning important and concerning issues. Consequently, contrary to his cynical statements, Bazarov sees Odintsova as an intelligent, understanding interlocutor.

How does Bazarov’s attitude towards Odintsova gradually change?

On the first day of his stay in Nikolskoye, he still continues to talk with ostentatious cynicism about Odintsova, but not about her appearance, but about what especially attracts him about her: “a woman with a brain,” “a grated roll.” The next morning, returning after a walk with Odintsova, he amazed Arkady with the expression of his face (“although cheerful and even affectionate,” it “did not please Arkady”) and by the fact that he absent-mindedly greeted him a second time.

What does Turgenev say about Bazarov’s state of mind at the beginning of Chapter 17?

“In Bazarov... an unprecedented anxiety began to manifest itself: he was easily irritated, spoke reluctantly, looked angry and could not sit still, as if something was tempting him.”

Soon, “Bazarov stopped talking to Arkady about Odintsova, and even stopped scolding her “aristocratic manners.”

“... In general, he talked with Arkady much less than before... he seemed to be avoiding him, as if he was ashamed of him...”

Why could Bazarov be ashamed of Arkady? (Chapter 17).

We read an excerpt from the seventeenth chapter, starting with the words: “The real reason for all this novelty ...” and ending with the words: “... which, of course, he did not always succeed.”

How does Bazarov view love for a woman?

Bazarov argued that a person should not bet his whole life on a woman’s love. He rightly believed that a person’s personal tragedy should not turn him into a living dead.

Bazarov did not recognize unrequited love; he understood love as a simple attraction to beautiful woman, and called the deeper feeling romanticism, that is, nonsense. On this, of course, we cannot agree with him. Turgenev argues with him too. Refuting his hero’s views on love, the writer makes Bazarov experience something that he himself rejected: “He could easily cope with his blood, but something else took possession of him, which he never allowed, which he always mocked, which outraged everyone. his pride. In conversations with Anna Sergeevna, he expressed his indifferent contempt for everything romantic even more than before; and when left alone, he was indignantly aware of the romanticism in himself.”

In what episodes is the “romantic” nature of Bazarov’s love clearly revealed?

Let us remember his first explanation with Odintsova in Chapter 17. What is the setting in which this explanation occurs? Pay attention to the landscape.

“Bazarov stood up and pushed the window. It opened at once with a thud... He did not expect that it opened so easily; Moreover, his hands were shaking. The dark, soft night looked into the room with its almost black sky, faintly rustling trees and the fresh smell of free, clean air.”

“Bazarov stood up. The lamp burned dimly in the middle of a darkened, fragrant, secluded room; through the occasionally fluttering curtain, the irritable freshness of the night poured in, its mysterious whispering could be heard.”

The background against which Bazarov’s explanation with Odintsova takes place is a poetic picture summer night. Nature is depicted from Bazarov's point of view. It was the dark, soft night that looked at him, it was the “freshness of the night” that seemed “irritable” to him, it was the “Mysterious whispering” that he heard. To Bazarov the materialist, the biologist, the rustling of leaves and night rustles seem mysterious!

So, under the influence of the feeling of true love that has gripped him, the romantic in him awakens, and he begins to see the world differently.

But does Bazarov give up? Does he submit to romantic feelings, does he change his beliefs?

No, in his relationship with Madame Odintsova, he is true to himself: both in what he says to her and in the way he speaks to her, one can feel the struggle, the unwillingness to submit to the one that has taken possession of him.” perfect love»

In the scenes of Bazarov’s explanation with Odintsova, one is captivated by his stern directness, honesty, and lack of any kind of panache: “I am a positive, uninteresting person. I can’t speak,” he declares. Bazarov does not compromise, does not adapt to Odintsova’s mood, it’s as if he wants to tell her everyone

with your behavior: “Accept me for who I really am, or don’t accept me at all.”

“... The graceful side of life is inaccessible to me, the side that you value so much,”- he frankly admits to his interlocutor. Directly, without mincing words, he calls her an aristocrat, condemns in her what is alien to him: “...You have spoiled yourself... you really love comfort, convenience, but are very indifferent to everything else.” Let us note the ability to understand people, characteristic of Bazarov. Having fallen in love with Odintsova, he sees her shortcomings. He speaks directly and frankly about his feelings, without resorting to beautiful words: “On the contrary, the one to whom this thing happens is more worthy of pity.”(Bazarov bypasses the lofty word “love”, replacing it with the colloquial “this thing”). When Odintsova asked whether he could completely surrender to the feeling of love, he honestly answers: “ I don’t know, I don’t want to brag.” Meanwhile, we see that he is capable of great feeling. The condition: “A life for a life” seems fair to him. The author’s remark also speaks about the strength of his feelings: “His heart really was breaking.”

The following lines testify to the depth of his suffering: “And Bazarov, two hours later, returned to his bedroom with his boots wet from dew, disheveled and gloomy.”. The next day, continuing the conversation interrupted the day before, Odintsova touches on the question of Bazarov’s future. And here, again, there is not a shadow of panache in his words, simplicity and the absence of even a hint of pose. "...I am the future county doctor», - he declares. And further: “If there’s a chance to do something, it’s great, but if it doesn’t work out, at least you’ll be pleased that you didn’t chatter in vain beforehand.” Loud phrases offend him: “... I understand your reluctance to talk about your future activities; but what’s happening in you now... - It’s happening! - repeated Bazarov, “as if I were some kind of state or society!”

What traits of Bazarov manifested themselves in his love for Odintsova?

Courageous determination, will, directness and honesty, severe demands on oneself and on others, aversion to phrases, to posturing, the ability to love strongly, deeply. Let us remember his portrait in the nineteenth chapter: “His face, stern and bilious, with downcast eyes, with an imprint of contemptuous determination in every feature...” This strong man, he loves deeply and suffers greatly, but he holds on courageously and steadfastly. Let's read the end of the nineteenth chapter (from the words: “Getting into the tarantass to see Bazarov...” to the words: “...I didn’t open my mouth the whole way”).

We see how painfully Bazarov suffers, but he does not “lose”, like Pavel Petrovich, he is angry with his pain, he certainly wants to defeat it. And he remains true to his convictions: «... Better stones beat on the pavement than to allow a woman to take even the tip of a finger,” he says.

Some critics who wrote about the novel “Fathers and Sons” argued that in the story of Bazarov’s love for Odintsova, Turgenev “debunks” his hero. Do you think these critics were right?

No, Turgenev argues only with the views of Bazarov, shows the inconsistency of his “anti-romantic” beliefs, but, at the same time, Bazarov’s love story reveals the remarkable qualities of his personality, makes him even more attractive, shows how superior he is to the district aristocrats, including - and the cold, pampered, selfish Odintsova, incapable of strong feelings.

It should be noted, however, that Odintsova is in many ways worthy of Bazarov. He could not love every woman so much: in her intelligence, in her experience and knowledge of life, in her strength of character, she is worthy of Bazarov. It elevates him. If Bazarov had fallen in love with an empty, insignificant woman, such love would not have evoked sympathy and respect (it was precisely the empty, absurd, eccentric woman that Pavel Petrovich loved all his life).

V . Homework: 20, 21 chapters, cinquain

VI. Conclusions and results of the lesson

Love in Turgenev's works is a natural force, subjugating a person often against his desire; it is beautiful, formidable and instantaneous, like lightning. Love is a wonderful moment that cannot be stopped, just like lightning cannot be stopped. Love is always a test because it requires self-sacrifice. All Turgenev’s heroes experience this “test of love” situation, and the heroes of “Fathers and Sons” are no exception. From the moment of its emergence, the concrete historical line of plot development is transformed into a moral and philosophical one, replacing ideological disputes questions arise, posed by life itself, and the character of the hero becomes more complex and contradictory. He, who denied the romance of love, fell in love romantically, hopelessly. His feelings and previous beliefs come into conflict, which makes the relationship with Odintsova complex and sometimes painful for the hero.
However, the center of the novel is the love story of Bazarov and Odintsova. It is the meeting with Anna Sergeevna that seems to divide the novel into two parts. If in the first part of the novel we see Bazarov the winner, never meeting worthy resistance, self-confident and strong, then the second part shows us a different Bazarov. He faced a force more serious than Pavel Petrovich. And this power is love. The tragedy of this love is not only that it remained unrequited.

The development of relations between Bazarov and Odintsova takes central place. Before meeting Anna Sergeevna, love was one of the beautiful “words”; the hero ironically called it “romanticism”, “stupidity”, “art”. Probably, the hero has the right to such an attitude towards love: the story of Pavel Petrovich and Princess R. is significant proof of this.

The beautiful Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a strong, deep, independent nature, endowed with a developed mind, but at the same time she is cold and selfish. In some ways she is similar to Bazarov: like him, she treats other people condescendingly, feeling her superiority over them. She is the only one in the novel who correctly understood the complex and contradictory character of Bazarov, appreciated him, and understood the depth and strength of the feeling that arose in him. It would seem that all this could lead to a strong alliance of heroes. After all, both of them are, in fact, very lonely. Odintsova, like Bazarov, feels that her strength rich nature remain unrealized.
But what awaits her and Bazarov? The scene of the hero's declaration of love shows that there is no harmony in their relationship and cannot be. It’s not for nothing that Anna Sergeevna is so frightened by some hidden, but sometimes breaking out formidable force, lurking in Bazarovo. He has the courage to admit that he is in love, like a real romantic, but the consciousness of this makes him angry - either at himself or at Odintsova. On the other hand, she herself lacks the courage and determination to connect her fate with him. Rich, unpredictable, but extremely difficult life with this extraordinary man, she prefers a somewhat boring, but very comfortable existence in the familiar conditions of a wealthy aristocratic circle. At the end of the novel, we learn that Anna Sergeevna married very successfully and is quite satisfied with her life. So the responsibility for the unfulfilled relationship with Bazarov lies with her.
Anna Sergeevna's fate was not easy. Having lost her parents, she was left in a difficult financial situation, with her twelve-year-old sister in her arms. Overcoming difficulties, she shows remarkable strength of character and self-control. Anna Sergeevna marries an arranged marriage to a man much older than him, and although she respects her husband as a kind and honest man, of course, she does not feel any love for him. Left a widow, she settled on an estate where everything was arranged with comfort and luxury. She rarely communicated with her neighbors, and there were many unflattering rumors about her; they were probably jealous of her: young, beautiful, rich, independent. Bazarov impressed her, and she invited him and Arkady to visit. Already the first conversation at the hotel lasted more than three hours, and Anna Sergeevna showed both sensitivity and tact, choosing a topic for conversation and helping the guest get comfortable. Even Bazarov changes his attitude towards her, respectfully saying that she “was in redistribution”, “she ate our bread.” Further communication brings the heroes closer together; they are interesting to each other, but they cannot agree with each other on everything. Bazarov adheres to socialist views, denying the individuality of the human person: “Correct society, and there will be no diseases.” Of course, having received a classical noble education, Anna Sergeevna cannot agree with this. She is bored, like all women “who failed to fall in love,” although she herself does not know what exactly she wants. She flirts with Bazarov, dissuading her from leaving. Bazarov is confused: all his life he considered love “romanticism,” now he “with indignation recognized the romanticism in himself.” He is infuriated by his own weakness; he cannot afford to depend on a spoiled woman, an “aristocrat.” Their explanation is dramatic: Bazarov's passion frightens Anna Sergeevna, causing her to recoil in fear. Before leaving, Evgenia Odintsova thinks for a long time about her state of mind and comes to the conclusion that she was right: “God knows where this would lead, you can’t joke about this, calmness is still better than anything in the world.”

Differences in upbringing, worldview, and lifestyle became insurmountable for the heroes. Bazarov, in dismay, realizes how the foundations of the nihilism of his firm convictions are crumbling, and Anna Sergeevna is afraid to connect her fate with an unpredictable and politically unreliable person, to violate her spiritual comfort for his sake. The heroes part as friends, having managed to rise above their prejudices, but their relationship, apparently, could not have turned out differently.
And only the scene of the hero’s death removes those acute contradictions that were so clearly manifested in his love for Odintsova. Perhaps it was only during her last meeting with the dying Bazarov that she realized that she had lost the most valuable thing in her life. He no longer tries to resist his feeling, and it results in a poetic confession: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out.” But this harmony illuminates the heroes only for a short moment, who were never able to bring it to life.
These lessons of love inflicted deep wounds not only on Bazarov’s soul, but also on his mind. It was his one-sided, vulgar materialistic views on life that led to a crisis. He became interested in himself and the world around him.
The questions to which the distraught Bazarov makes his way are deep and disturbing. And these questions make his soul richer, more generous and more humane. But Bazarov’s weakness is in his intense desire to get away from them, in his contemptuous assessment of them as nonsense.


Categories:

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev created an imperishable work that has remained eternal for centuries modern issue. “Fathers and Sons” is a novel of contemporary faith, today, tomorrow. It touches upon issues of moral education, attitudes towards life and one’s future, issues of position in society and going out into the world. And, of course, an important role in the novel is given to love and feelings, their manifestations and, no matter how rude it may sound, the expression of one’s feelings, changes in a person with the advent of love.

Evgeny Bazarov, the hero of the novel, is described initially as a man who devoted himself to his idea - science, work, rationalism. Considered a nihilist and an opponent of any human weaknesses, especially some kind of love.

(Evgeny Bazarov)

Everything changes after meeting the genius of pure beauty, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. This woman puts herself high, is independent, cool-headed, proud, wise. Naturally, the initial qualities strike young Evgeniy Vasilyevich to the depths of his soul. Soon, a successful, purposeful person realizes that he cannot live as before, devoting all his strength and thoughts only to work. Anna won his heart and took his soul - Eugene fell in love.

Anna Sergeevna, a widowed, wealthy young lady, is not old and extremely attractive, even beautiful. Not everyone can love her confidence and Nordic character traits. But the problem is that Anna herself, apparently, has not been touched by high feelings yet (or ever). A woman tries on convenience, comfort, calculates her actions for the future, and considers the beneficial aspects of the union.

Her pleasant disposition and sympathy for the man in love did not go further than interest. Anna sought to be satisfied with comfort, silence and regularity, but Evgeniy’s passionate torment knocked her off the idea of ​​starting a family or even a partnership. Enlivened by love and inspired by happiness, she liked Eugene much less than who he was before.

There is no exact answer to the question about the possible future of Anna and Evgeniy, what would happen to the heroes next. If Anna had fallen in love with Evgeny, her behavior and outlook on life, on her attitude towards people in general, would have changed. Evgeny became disillusioned with his principles of life, which he had lived by before meeting Anna, but the woman was unable to accept another world and pushed away her tremulous feelings. Bazarov passed away soon, but he left as a man who knew what it was to love and give his warmth, to share his inner joy and try to make the world around him a better place. Is Anna destined to experience such a high feeling that overcomes any difficulties in life and destiny - who knows?

It is impossible to hide from sincere feelings. To this day, man has not learned to deceive himself. And I want to believe that the story of indifference in the soul will sooner or later end for every “A little Anna”, “a little Katya”, “a little Snow Queen" Living in reciprocity and loving is not as scary as not understanding and not accepting the call of another soul. And it is better to leave having realized happiness than to live until you are 100 years old, deaf - dumb - blind and indifferent to everything.

The relationship between Evgeny Bazarov and Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, heroes of the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" did not work out for many reasons. The materialist and nihilist Bazarov denies not only art, the beauty of nature, but also love as a human feeling. Recognizing physiological relationships men and women, he believes that love “is all romanticism, nonsense, rot, art.” Therefore, he initially evaluates Odintsova only from the point of view of her external data. “Such a rich body! At least now to the anatomical theater,” he says cynically about the young woman.

Anna Sergeevna's fate was not easy. Having lost her parents, she was left in a difficult financial situation, with her twelve-year-old sister in her arms. Overcoming difficulties, she shows remarkable strength of character and self-control. Anna Sergeevna marries an arranged marriage to a man much older than him, and although she respects her husband as a kind and honest man, of course, she does not feel any love for him. Left a widow, she settled on an estate where everything was arranged with comfort and luxury. She rarely communicated with her neighbors, and there were many unflattering rumors about her; they were probably jealous of her: young, beautiful, rich, independent. Bazarov impressed her, and she invited him and Arkady to visit. Already the first conversation at the hotel lasted more than three hours, and Anna Sergeevna showed both sensitivity and tact, choosing a topic for conversation and helping the guest get comfortable. Even Bazarov changes his attitude towards her, respectfully saying that she “was in redistribution”, “she ate our bread.” Further communication brings the heroes closer together; they are interesting to each other, but they cannot agree with each other on everything. Bazarov adheres to socialist views, denying the individuality of the human person: “Correct society, and there will be no diseases.” Of course, having received a classical noble education, Anna Sergeevna cannot agree with this. She is bored, like all women “who failed to fall in love,” although she herself does not know what exactly she wants. She flirts with Bazarov, dissuading her from leaving. Bazarov is confused: all his life he considered love “romanticism,” now he “with indignation recognized the romanticism in himself.” He is infuriated by his own weakness; he cannot afford to depend on a spoiled woman, an “aristocrat.” Their explanation is dramatic: Bazarov's passion frightens Anna Sergeevna, causing her to recoil in fear. Before leaving, Evgenia Odintsova thinks for a long time about her state of mind and comes to the conclusion that she was right: “God knows where this would lead, you can’t joke about this, calmness is still better than anything in the world.”

Differences in upbringing, worldview, and lifestyle became insurmountable for the heroes. Bazarov, in dismay, realizes how the foundations of the nihilism of his firm convictions are crumbling, and Anna Sergeevna is afraid to connect her fate with an unpredictable and politically unreliable person, to violate her spiritual comfort for his sake. The heroes part as friends, having managed to rise above their prejudices, but their relationship, apparently, could not have turned out differently.

Why did the relationship between Bazarov and Odintsova end tragically? (based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

Turgenev always believed that it is love that tests a person, and therefore love line Bazarov - Odintsova is very important for understanding the novel as a whole. From the moment of its emergence, the concrete historical line of plot development is transformed into a moral

philosophical, ideological disputes are replaced by questions posed by life itself, and the character of the hero becomes more complex and contradictory. He. who denied the romance of love, he himself fell romantically, hopelessly in love. His feelings and previous beliefs come into conflict, which makes the relationship with Odintsova complex and sometimes painful for the hero.

The beautiful Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a strong, deep, independent nature, endowed with a developed mind, but at the same time she is cold and selfish. In some ways she is similar to Bazarov: like him, she treats other people condescendingly, feeling her superiority over them. She is the only one in the novel who correctly understood the complex and contradictory character of Bazarov, appreciated him, and understood the depth and strength of the feeling that arose in him. It would seem that all this could lead to a strong alliance of heroes. After all, both of them are, after all, very lonely. Odintsova, like Bazarov, feels that the powers of her rich nature remain unrealized.

But what awaits her and Bazarov? The scene of the hero's declaration of love shows that there cannot be harmony in their relationship. It is not for nothing that Anna Sergeevna is so frightened by some hidden, but sometimes threatening force that bursts out, lurking in Bazarov. He has the courage to admit that he is in love, like a real rom-com. but the consciousness of this makes her angry - either at herself, or at Odintsova. On the other hand, she herself lacks the courage and determination to connect her fate with him. She prefers a somewhat boring, but very comfortable existence in the familiar conditions of a wealthy aristocratic circle to a busy, unpredictable, but extremely difficult life with this extraordinary man. At the end of the novel, we learn that Anna Sergeevna married very successfully and is quite satisfied with her life. So the responsibility for the unfulfilled relationship with Bazarov lies with us.

And only the scene of the hero’s death removes those acute contradictions that were so clearly manifested in his love for Odintsova. Perhaps it was only during her last meeting with the dying Bazarov that she realized that she had lost the most valuable thing in her life. He no longer tries to resist his feeling, and it results in an ethical confession: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out.” But this harmony illuminates the heroes only for a short moment, who were never able to bring it to life.

Can the relationship between Bazarov and Arkady be called friendship?

The theme of friendship is one of the leading ones in Russian literature of the 19th century. “My friends, our union is wonderful! He, like a soul, is indivisible and eternal” - this is how A.S. characterized him. Pushkin true friendship.

The theme of friendship is also presented in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

The main character of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, appears before the reader along with his friend Arkady. It seems like they are like-minded people. Friends study together at the medical faculty of the university. Arkady idolizes his friend, admires his progressive views, extraordinary character and independent behavior. And Bazarov is one of those people who needs students and admirers. However, this friendship turned out to be short-lived. What is the reason?

Bazarov and Arkady - absolutely various people. According to his convictions, Bazarov is “a democrat to the core.” Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov and wants to be like him.

Bazarov does business in any environment, in any house - natural sciences, studying nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Arkady doesn't do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace.

They have completely different opinions regarding art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady tries to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. Arkady cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to follow the rules good manners, so important in noble life. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, and speech patterns.

The development of relations between Bavarov and Arkady develops into a conflict. Bazarov’s views do not become an organic part of Arkady’s worldview, which is why he so easily abandons them. “Your brother, a nobleman,” says Bazarov to Arkady, “cannot go beyond noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing. For example, you don’t fight - and you already imagine yourself young...

tsami, - and we KIT to fight.” Bazarov disagrees with Arkady on the main thing - his idea of ​​life, the purpose of man.

Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Bazarov parted with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him. Bazarov says that he has other words for Arkady, but to express them is romanticism for Bazarov.

Their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. “Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give up in front of him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it at all” (D. Pisarev) - this is the main thing in the disagreements of the heroes.

Why love " strong personalities" in the novel "Fathers and Sons" is unhappy?

The theme of love is central in the work of I.S. Turgenev. All the writer’s heroes undergo a kind of “test of love.” In the novel "Fathers and Sons" each hero has his own love story.

The love story of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov for Princess R. is very interesting. At first glance, this plot only explains the current state of Pavel Petrovich. But if you look a little closer, it becomes clear how symbolic this story is.

We suddenly notice that in terms of the vividness of the image, in terms of the author’s attitude, the image of Princess R. can only be compared with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. But. Having drawn one parallel, we discover how similar these images are to each other.

They have the same lifestyle - if in the second half of her life the princess “cries!” and prays,” then Odintsova, also in the village, suddenly turns from a rich, rather unapproachable lady into an ordinary, tired of life and very unhappy woman. Even their marital status is similar - a quiet and calm marriage with an unloved person with a prince and exactly the same quiet life first with her husband, then as a widow with Odintsova. But the main thing is the aura of mystery. The princess led " strange life", Anna Sergeevna was "a rather strange creature"

Comparing Odintsova with Princess R., we cannot help but compare the men who are in love with them - Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. A certain invisible connection arises between irreconcilable enemies, and differences in beliefs and habits become superficial and frivolous when a person falls into the power of nature. Really. Bazarov, having learned the story of Pavel Petrovich, becomes softer towards him and no longer argues with him. She even takes pity on him, having fallen in love with Anna Odintsova.

But the most incomprehensible parallel with the story of Princess R. is found in the story of Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich himself compares these two completely different women. This comparison once again proves that Pavel Petrovich still loves the princess.

The story of the failed love of Pavel Petrovich and Princess R. plays a significant role in the novel, being a kind of connecting moment for depicting the complexities and various kinds of kinks in a person’s fate.

At the beginning of the novel, the main character Bazarov is depicted as a nihilist, a man “who does not bow to any authorities, who does not take a single principle on faith,” for whom romanticism is nonsense and a whim: “Bazarov recognizes only that what you can touch with your hands, see with your eyes, put on your tongue, in a word, just that. which can be witnessed by one of the five senses.”

Therefore, he considers mental suffering unworthy of a real man, high aspirations - far-fetched and absurd. And this man, who denies weight and everything, falls in love with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a rich widow, smart and mysterious woman. At first, the main character drives away this romantic feeling, hiding behind crude cynicism. However, he soon realizes more and more that he has some kind of feeling for Anna Sergeevna, but this does not agree with his beliefs, because love for him is “nonsense, unforgivable nonsense,” a disease. Doubts and anger rage in Bazarov’s soul, his feelings for Odintsova torment and infuriate him, but still he dreams of reciprocal love. Before his death, Bazarov casts aside all doubts and beliefs and sends for Odintsova.

What is the principle of “secret psychologism” by I.S. Turgenev? (based on the novel “Fathers and Sons”)

One of the manifestations of Turgenev’s talent was the invention of his own method descriptions psychological state a hero who later received the name “secret psychologism.”

Ivam Sergeevich Turgenev was convinced that any writer, when creating his work, must first of all be a psychologist, depicting the mental state of his heroes and penetrating into the sacred depths of them internal state, their feelings and experiences.

So, for example, we know that Turgenev, while working on the novel, kept a diary on behalf of his hero, Bazarov. Thus, the writer could convey his feelings much more deeply, because, while keeping a diary, the author temporarily “turned” into Bazarov and tried to evoke in himself thoughts and feelings that he could not live and icpoii.

However, at the same time, the writer believed that the reader should not be told in detail about the process of the origin and development of feelings and experiences in the hero, that only their external manifestations should be described. Then the author will not bore the reader (as Turgenev said, “ The best way bored - that's all to say"). In other words, the writer set himself the goal not so much of explaining the essence of the psychological states of his characters, but of describing these states, showing their “external” side.

In this sense, the development of Arkady's condition before leaving Nikolskoye is characteristic.

First, Turgenev shows Arkady's train of thought, what he thinks. Then the hero has some kind of vague feeling (the author does not fully explain the feeling to us, he simply mentions it). After some time, Arkady realizes this feeling. He thinks about Anna Odintsova, but gradually his imagination draws him another image - Katya. And finally, Arkady’s tear falls on the pillow. At the same time, Turgenev does not comment on all these experiences of Arkady - he simply describes them. So. for example, readers themselves must guess why, instead of Anna Sergeevna, Arkady sees Katya in his imagination and why at that moment a tear drips onto his pillow.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, describing the “content” of his hero’s experiences, never asserts anything. He describes everything in the form

assumptions. This is evidenced, for example, by numerous author’s remarks (“perhaps,” “maybe,” “should be”). In other words, the author again gives the reader the right to guess for himself what is happening inside the hero.

Also, a very common technique of Turgenev when depicting the hero’s state of mind is silence. Only the hero’s action is shown, which is not commented on at all. It's simply stating a fact. So. for example, after an explanation with Odintsova, Bazarov goes into the forest and returns only a few hours later, all dirty. With boots wet from dew, disheveled and gloomy. Here we ourselves have to guess what the hero felt when he wandered through the forest, what he thought about and what he was worried about.

In conclusion, it is worth saying that the principle of secret psychologism makes the novel “Fathers and Sons” extremely fascinating. The reader becomes, as it were, actor novel, he seems to be drawn into the action. The author does not let the reader fall asleep; he constantly gives him something to think about. It is almost impossible to read a novel without thinking. You constantly have to interpret the characters one way or another. It can also be said that it is partly this principle that makes the novel relatively small in size, which also makes it easier to read.

In the novel "Oblomov" Goncharov attempted to express his idea of ​​​​what is the true "norm" human existence, lost in the contemporary world, and show a hero who meets this “norm”. In whom - Oblomov or Shgoltz - was the author's ideal embodied?

Obviously, these heroes are opposite sexes and are opposed to each other in everything. In contrast to the apathetic and inactive Oblomov, Stolz is energetic and businesslike. He bursts into the sleepy, motionless world of Oblomov. like a whirlwind, called to change everything, inviting a friend to break out of the captivity of a cozy room, which completely absorbed Oblomov, deprived him of strength, energy, and go on a long journey abroad. "Breathe clean air..." - calls Stolz. But for

For Ilya Ilyich, any type of activity, even a simple move to a new apartment, is a heavy burden. He is ready to lie all his life on a cozy sofa in his favorite robe, and the project of transforming his native Oblomovka estate remains just a project.

It seems that everything listed should testify in favor of Stolz, but something does not allow us to consider him the ideal personality that the writer dreamed of. Although it is known that, according to the author’s plan, it was in this hero that the best features personality. No wonder his mother is a Russian noblewoman with with a tender heart and poetic soul - she passed on her spirituality to Andrey, and his father was a German, who instilled in his son the skills of independent and hard work, the ability to rely on his own strength. Such a combination, according to the writer, was supposed to create a harmonious character. But in reality it turned out differently: rationality and practicality lead this hero to the loss of humanity) and, and the writer’s ideal is “mind and heart together.” Apparently, this is why the author's sympathies are not on Stolz's side. After all, for a writer, like for Oblomov, it is not just the activity itself that is important, but what it leads to, yes, I [Stolz’s idea is too prosaic and down-to-earth. “U1y are not Titans with an oboe. - he says to his wife Olga, - let us bow our heads and humbly endure Hard time" This is the logic of a person who cares about the practical side of things and is ready to focus on particular issues without resolving the main thing.

But natures like Oblomov are a different matter. tormented by a “general human illness”, and therefore not satisfied with the solution to particular problems. It turns out that the reasons for his inactivity and apathy are not only in the upbringing and character of the hero himself, they are deeper and more serious. According to Oblomov, during his twelve-year life in St. Petersburg, “a light was locked in his soul, which was looking for a way out, but... did not break free and died out.”

In my opinion, the ideal in Goncharov’s romance was embodied not in one hero, but in two, so different, but so harmoniously complementing each other. And maybe this is the real truth of life.

What is the reason for Oblomov’s inactivity? (but the novel by I.L. Goncharov “Oblomov”)

Goncharov's novel and its main character have always evoked contradictory responses from critics. The answer to the question posed is also ambiguous.

Following Dobrolyubov, we can explain Oblomov’s “lying down” by “complete inertia, stemming from his apathy towards everything that is happening in the world. The reason for the apathy lies partly in his external situation, partly in the image of his mental and moral development. In terms of his external position, he is a gentleman... It is clear that Oblomov is not a stupid, apathetic nature, without aspirations and feelings, but a person who is also looking for something in his life, thinking about something. But the vile habit of receiving satisfaction of his desires not from his own efforts, but from others, developed in him an apathetic immobility and plunged him into the miserable existence of a moral slave.”

Adopting Pisarev’s point of view, it can be argued that “the author decided to trace the deadening, destructive influence that mental apathy, sleepiness, which little by little takes possession of all the forces of the soul, enveloping and fettering all the best, human, rational movements, has on a person.” and feelings. This apathy is a universal human phenomenon, it is expressed in the most diverse forms and is generated by the most diverse causes: but everywhere it plays main role scary question: "why live"." Why bother? - a question to which a person often cannot find a satisfactory answer. This unresolved question, this unsatisfied doubt depletes strength, ruins activity; a person gives up and gives up work, not seeing a goal for it.”

Modern critics P. Weil and A. Genis believe that “Oblomov is complete, perfect and therefore motionless in the novel. He has already taken place, having fulfilled his destiny only by coming into the world. “His life not only took shape, but was also created, even intended, so simply, no wonder, to express the possibility of an ideally calm side of human existence” - Oblomov came to this conclusion towards the end of his days.”

Howthe motives of the moment and eternity are correlatedin the poetry of A.A. Feta?

Fet’s poetry is filled with “sweet” sounds that convey the beauty and harmony of the surrounding world: “It sounded over a clear river. / It rang in a darkened meadow...” It is not without reason that many noted the special musicality of his lyrics, in which the sounds of music are also

components of eternity. All THIS is those “beautiful moments” from which it is composed. And therefore, in Fet’s work, the motive of the moment not only does not oppose eternity, but becomes its organic part. After all, it is possible to express the fullness of the universe only by learning to capture it in every moment of life. This is how nature itself works, and Fet calls on us: “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”. But how to “stop the moment” and express the “inexpressible” in words?

Russian poetry has been struggling with this riddle since the time of Zhukovsky, but, perhaps, it was Fet, “every moment,” who managed to come close to solving it. Like the impressionist artists, he conveys not so much an exact picture, but rather his impressions, fleeting sensations, “instant snapshots of memory” that form a coherent and psychologically reliable poetic image. For example, in the line from the poem “Evening”: “It rolled over the silent grove...” - the epithet “dumb” conveys not the quality of the grove itself, but the impression that the special state of nature makes on the poet, when in the evening, before nightfall, In the forests, the voices of birds and animals fall silent, and it seems that all nature has frozen.

On the same associative connections of “instant snapshots” of impressions, feelings, sounds, essentially all the poet’s poems are built, and among them “the most Fetov-esque” - “Whisper, timid breathing...”. In it, the reflections, shadows, and movements of nature become one row of “magical changes in a sweet face,” which, in turn, begins to be perceived as one of the shadows of the night, which is being replaced by the dawn. And love itself turns out to be that eternity, the “wonderful moments” of which Magic power poetry is able to capture and give to us.

This is how art arises, in which eternity and the moment are intertwined into an indissoluble unity. And it seems to me that it was about such an artist as Fet that Pasternak’s beautiful words were spoken: “You are a hostage to eternity, in captivity of time.”

What is N.L.’s innovation? Nekrasova in poetic embodiment themes of the poet and poetry?

The theme of the poet and poetry has been addressed more than once by many literary artists, By revealed it in their works in different ways.

The image of Nekrasov's Muse is not at all similar to the traditional image of the goddess of poetry. In the poem “Yesterday, at about six o’clock...”, written in 1848, Nekrasov writes that his Muse is the sister of a peasant woman who is being tortured in the clearing with a whip. This image of a “muse cut with a whip” is preserved throughout the poet’s work and determines the novelty of his tasks.

Pose of a contemplative Olychmi poet. who indifferently listens to good and evil is unacceptable for Nekrasov’s child. He affirms the need to be not just a creator, but above all a citizen:

Be a citizen! serving art. Live for the good of your neighbor. Subordinating your genius to the feeling of All-Embracing Love...

This is main topic Nekrasov’s poetic declaration - the poem “Poet and Citizen”.

In many other poems, Nekrasov also persistently seeks an answer to the question of what a true poet-citizen should be. These reflections are reflected, for example, in the poem “Blessed is the gentle poet...”. Nekrasov contrasts the “kindly poet” with the accusatory poet, who “feeds his chest with hatred,” and his “punishing lyre” “preaches love with a hostile word denial-nya.” At the same time, he was aware that the fulfillment of such a task requires great courage and perseverance from the poet! And.

Nekrasov himself sometimes doubted his abilities, which was reflected in poems such as “Shut up, Muse of Revenge and Sorrow!..” and “Elegy,” which belong to his later lyric poetry. But, despite everything. Nekrasov does not refuse to serve the interests of the people. The moments of doubt passed, and poi moi Proudly assert: “I dedicated the lyre to my people.”

Nekrasov was for Russian society an example of a poet-citizen who “bears all the ulcers of his homeland like his own on his body” and, despite any difficulties, fulfills his duty to the end. And this reflected his contribution to the creation of new Russian poetry that meets the challenges of the time. It was taken up by Nekrasov’s followers, who saw their duty in this. so that art becomes truly popular and civil.