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Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri" refers to romantic works. Let's start with the fact that the main theme of the poem - the freedom of the individual - is characteristic of the works of romantics. In addition, the hero, a novice of Mtsyra, is characterized by exceptional qualities - love of freedom, ...
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"Mtsyri" is a lyric poem. It mainly depicts the complex experiences of the hero, rather than external events. Lermontov chooses the form of a confessional poem, since the story on behalf of the hero made it possible to most deeply and truthfully reveal his spiritual ...
One of the peaks of the artistic heritage of M. Yu Lermontov is the poem "Mtsyri" - the fruit of active and intense creative work. Even at an early time, the image of a young man arose in the poet's imagination, pronouncing an angry, protesting...
M.Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Mtsyri” is a romantic work, and, as in any work of this direction, the landscape occupies one of the main places in it. Thus, the author expresses his views on the relationship between the world of nature and the world of people. On the one hand, and...
I love M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" very much. Mtsyri is my favorite literary hero. He loved freedom very much and aspired; To her. He was brought to the monastery when he was very young: * He seemed to be about six years old; * Like a mountain chamois, shy and wild...
Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov in the poem "Mtsyri" tells about a man who passionately loves his homeland, people, but suffers hard away from them, having no opportunity and hope to return to his native land. In the gloomy walls of the monastery, the young man is all ...
M.Yu. Lermontov loved the theme of the Caucasus. He was fascinated by the views and beauty of these lands. He tried to put and convey love for these places into the work, and the romantic beginning brought a special flavor to the poem. The image and characterization of Mtsyri is key and plot-forming. The loneliness of the protagonist and longing for his native places push him to escape. Risking his life, he leaves the walls of the monastery with the sole purpose of returning home. Mtsyri is the embodiment of human dignity. An example of true courage and selfless courage.
Image and characteristics
Not by his own will, Mtsyri ended up in the monastery. As a small child, he was taken prisoner. At that time he was only 6 years old. The Russian general decided that it would be better for him here, without even realizing what a tragedy his, as he considered, a noble deed would turn into.
Mountain child. Mtsyri was born in the Caucasus. Until the age of six he lived with his family in the village.
The image of the father remained in the memory to this day. It is known that the man fought.
"My father? He appeared to me as if alive in his military clothes, and I remembered the ringing of chain mail, and the gleam of a gun ... "
Patient. Proud. As a child, he showed strength of will and fortitude. He endured pain when he was sick without making a sound.
“Even a weak moan did not fly out of the children’s lips, he rejected food with a sign and quietly, proudly died.”
The will beckoned, exciting the imagination. Monastic life is akin to captivity. The soul was torn from captivity. This life is not for him. He would give anything in the world for a couple of minutes spent with his family.
“I lived little, and lived in captivity. Such two lives for one, but only full of worries, I would trade if I could ... "
Loves nature. Days spent in the wild will be remembered forever. They are the happiest. He admired nature. I caught sounds, understanding them, I felt beauty, harmony. Among human society, he failed to do this. Communication with her helped to drown out the longing for his native village. The element is a kindred spirit for him.
“Like a brother, I would be glad to embrace the storm.”
Purposeful. The dream of escaping from captivity has been ripe for a long time.
“A long time ago I thought to look at the distant fields. Find out if the earth is beautiful. Find out whether we will be born into this world for will or prison.
The young man was waiting for the right opportunity. This case was the day when a terrible storm began. For the sake of freedom, he is ready for anything: to overcome difficulties, fight the elements, endure hunger, thirst, scorching heat. Even the girl he met at the pond could not disrupt his plans, although the hero clearly felt sympathy for her. The light of the sakli, where she lived, beckoned him, but Mtsyri threw away the idea of looking inside, remembering what goal he was pursuing and for what. He preferred long-awaited freedom to love. Faced with a choice, he did not succumb to temptation.
Fearless. In a deadly fight with a predator, he proved himself a real hero. Knowing that the forces are unequal, he entered into a fight with a wild beast. The wounds received in battle could not stop the young man. He stubbornly moved forward. I did not know the way, exhausted.
“He rushed to my chest, but I managed to stick it in my throat and turn my gun twice there ... He howled.”
Lonely. Grim for life. Life locked up made him so unsociable. He is out of touch with communication. People were strangers to him.
"I myself, like a beast, was a stranger to people." “Gloomy and lonely, a torn sheet by a thunderstorm ...”
Thirst for self-knowledge. Mtsyri yearned to know himself. It was possible to carry out the plan, being at will.
“Do you want to know what I did in the wild? I lived - and my life without these three blessed days would be sadder and darker than your powerless old age.
Mtsyri failed to hug his relatives. On his deathbed, he did not repent of the perfect act. The young man was absolutely sure that he acted correctly. Please bury the last words in the garden, away from the hated walls. This confirms that he did not intend to change his beliefs and his principles.
“I will get drunk with the radiance of the blue day for the last time. From there you can see the Caucasus! Perhaps he will send me farewell greetings from his heights, send me with a cool breeze ... "
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The poem "Mtsyri" was one of the favorite works of M.Yu. Lermontov, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, the poet was very fond of publicly reading the text of the poem and knew it all by heart.
The basis of the poem
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov Mtsyri basically contains a real story about a young monk who spent his whole life in a foreign country for him.
While in exile in the Caucasus, Lermontov meets a young monk living in Mtskheta. The monk told Mikhail Yuryevich his difficult fate: his little one was taken away from his native land and he was forced to spend his whole life in a strange country for him.
Lermontov's first ideas for the implementation of the theme of monasticism in the literary field arose as early as 1831. The poet wanted to translate what he heard in the monk's notes. Later, this idea, under the influence of the story of a monk from Mtskheta, was embodied in the poem "Mtsyri".
Elements of an autobiography
Many researchers of Lermontov's literary heritage, in particular his poem "Mtsyri", note a certain similarity between the young monk of the poem and M.Yu. Lermontov.
Belinsky argued that the poem denounces the author himself. The fates of the author and the monk, despite their apparent differences, have a common basis. Loneliness and isolation from relatives - that's what makes these personalities related. Like Mtsyri, Lermontov grew up far from his relatives (his grandmother who raised him in every possible way prevented him from communicating with relatives, in particular his father). This state of affairs became the cause of despondency both in the life of Lermontov and in the life of Mtsyri. In addition, the Caucasus also makes them related: for both Mtsyra and Lermontov, he became the embodiment of freedom.
Mtsyri's life path
When Mtsyri was 6 years old, a tragedy happened in his life - a certain Russian general took the boy prisoner - thus, Mtsyri forever left his home, his family and his beloved village - aul. On the way, the boy falls ill - separation from loved ones and a difficult long road provoked this condition. One of the monks took pity on the child and took him to the monastery: “Out of pity, one monk took care of the sick man, and he was saved by friendly art within the protective walls.”
Despite disappointing forecasts, Mtsyri survived and soon turned into a handsome young man. He learned a language unfamiliar to him, which was spoken in this area, learned about the customs and peculiarities of life in this region, but he never managed to get rid of longing for his relatives and his home.
Languishing in despondency, Mtsyri makes attempts to escape and find his native village, but his intentions were not destined to come true.
Lermontov describes in detail the last escape of Mtsyra - during a thunderstorm, the young man leaves the walls of the monastery - for three days he wanders along the paths in the hope of finding the right way home, but fate is extremely unfavorable to him - such a promising road becomes a tragedy - after the fight with the leopard, the young man's strength has noticeably decreased, this was facilitated by the wounds received in the battle, in the end, the path leads Mtsyri all to the same monastery. Realizing all the hopelessness, the young man dies under the influence of wounds and general despondency.
Characteristics of personal qualities
Mtsyri became a monk by coincidence. Until the age of six, he was not full of desire to devote his life to the service of God, and in particular, he did not know anything about Christianity. It was only after he entered the monastery that he was baptized.
Like all romantic heroes, Mtsyri is in a special relationship with nature, in particular with the mountains of the Caucasus.
Life in a monastery, enclosed by bare cold walls, has a depressing effect on him. Lermontov does not tell in detail about the attitude of other monks towards Mtsyri, but, based on their general mood, it can be assumed that it did not go beyond the bounds of decency - the monks were kind to a stranger who grew up within the walls of their monastery, but they were unable to understand his spiritual groaning .
Mtsyri belongs by origin to the mountain peoples and, like his father, he was very proud in childhood: “He rejected food with a sign, and quietly, proudly died,” and did not lose this characteristic in his youth: “And, having proudly listened, the patient stood up, gathering the rest of the force.
Mtsyra's life is full of dull languor and a desire to find lost happiness: "He wandered silently, alone, looked, sighing, to the east, languishing with an obscure longing for his native side."
He was always a kind person and "did no harm to anyone." He is a pure-hearted person, like a "child". However, life in a monastery far from his homeland weighs on him. The monks are unable to understand such a melancholy of a young monk, since they themselves have never experienced it. Attachment to nature and freedom is alien to the monks, they are afraid of a thunderstorm, considering it to be the creation of God, while Mtsyri does not feel fear of this natural phenomenon at all - he is a child of nature and a thunderstorm, like any natural phenomenon, is something close and natural for him , therefore, within the walls of the Mtsyri monastery "was a stranger to them forever, like a beast of the steppe."
All the dreams and desires of Mtsyra were embodied around gaining freedom and happiness. He wants to live freely, as in childhood. For this purpose, he escapes from the monastery. Since Mtsyri has never traveled, he goes at random, guided by the view of the mountains. An unexpected meeting with a leopard began to ruin his plans. The young man had no choice but to engage in battle with a wild beast. During the fight, Mtsyri is bold and strong. He would make an excellent warrior. He defeats the leopard: “He rushed to my chest; but I managed to stick it in my throat and turn my weapon twice there.
Dear readers! We propose to follow in the story of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”.
The wounded Mtsyri moves farther and farther away from the mountains and soon goes to the vicinity of the monastery. Discouraged, he loses consciousness, the monks who found him are transferred to the walls of the monastery, which for many years was a prison for Mtsyri. The young man realizes that his cherished dream will never come true - he will die in a foreign land: “Only one thing saddens me: my corpse is cold and dumb and will not smolder in my native land.”
Thus, in the poem "Mtsyri" M.Yu. Lermontov portrayed the image of a man who was not able to resist the complexities of life and find happiness. Mtsyri always had a childish, pure soul, he was a kind person, although at the same time, gloomy and unsociable, but the reason for such gloominess was his mental anguish from separation from his natural environment and home.
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Mtsyri's emotional speech with extraordinary power expresses his ardent, freedom-loving nature, elevates his moods and feelings.
The originality of the young man's personality is emphasized by the unusual circumstances of his life. From childhood, fate doomed him to a dull and joyless monastic existence, which was alien to his fiery nature. Bondage could not kill his desire for freedom, on the contrary, it strengthened him. And this kindled in his soul the desire to see the Motherland at any cost.
While in the monastery, Mtsyri languished from loneliness. He did not find a single kindred soul with whom he could talk, to whom he could open up. The monastery turned into a prison for him. All this prompted him to run away. He wants to escape from human life and save himself in the arms of nature.
Running away during a thunderstorm, Mtsyri sees for the first time the world that was hidden from him by the walls of the monastery. Therefore, he peers so intently into every picture that opens to him. The beauty and splendor of the Caucasus dazzles Mtsyri. He remembers "lush fields covered with a crown of trees that have grown all around", "mountain ranges, bizarre as dreams". These pictures stirred up in the hero vague memories of his native country, which he was deprived of as a child.
The landscape in the poem is not only the background that surrounds the hero. It helps to reveal his character and becomes one of the ways to create an image. The character of Mtsyri can be judged by the way he describes nature. The young man is attracted by the power, the scope of the Caucasian nature. He is not at all afraid of the dangers that lurk in it.
Mtsyri perceives nature in all its integrity, and this speaks of his spiritual breadth.
The perception of the landscape is enhanced by the colorful epithets that Mtsyri uses in his story ("angry shaft", "sleepy flowers", "burning abyss"). The emotionality of the images is enhanced by unusual comparisons. For example, the trees on the hill remind him of "brothers in a circular dance." This image seems to be inspired by memories of relatives, of the native village.
The culmination of Mtsyri's three-day wanderings is his fight with the leopard. He dreamed of a battle with a worthy opponent. Bars became this opponent for him. In this episode, Mtsyri's fearlessness, thirst for struggle, contempt for death were revealed.
Throughout his short life, Mtsyri carried a powerful passion for freedom, for struggle.
The originality of the image of Mtsyra lies in the fact that it reflects the real features of a mountaineer. Belinsky called Mtsyri "fiery soul", "gigantic nature", "the poet's favorite ideal". The romantic image of Mtsyra in this story continues to awaken in people the desire for action, struggle.
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The poem "Mtsyri" was written by Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov in 1839. This work is rightfully considered a model of Russian romantic poetry, and it has an interesting background. The author often visited the Caucasus, and it is believed that the plot of the book was based on real events that happened to the writer. Traveling along the Georgian Military Highway, he came across the main cathedral of Georgia - Mtskheta and met a lonely monk who told him the story of his life, and later the grateful listener described it in verse.
The story of Mtsyri is a story about a lonely highlander boy who, by chance, turned out to be a pupil in the monastery of the temple (from the Georgian language “mtsyri” is translated as “novice”, “non-serving monk”). During his short life, the captive learned the local language, traditions and got used to living in captivity, but he never managed to understand who he really is, because the family, which, unfortunately, he never has, plays a big role in shaping his personality. was.
The image of Mtsyra is, first of all, the image of a lonely person who is in search of the meaning of life. After spending a long time in the monastery, he finally decides to get out, to experience new feelings, to know freedom. Having lived for three days outside the monastery, the young man remembers his native language, the faces of his relatives: his father, sister and brother. The hope is instilled in his heart that he will be able to find his father's house, but this dream is not destined to come true. The prisoner dies after a fight with a tiger. Before death, confessing to a priest, the fugitive pours out his soul, sheds the light of truth on his destiny. He dies with the thought that he remained a slave, a prisoner and was unable to see the place where he was born.
Of course, Mtsyri could be devoted to his country, family, home, could take place as a person, but his wanderings are a metaphor for the life of each of us. For three days, the prisoner experienced the main feelings and impressions: struggle, passion, admiration for nature and disappointment in himself and the world. We, too, experience all this and yearn for an unattainable ideal. In a religious sense, this is Eden, in a practical sense it is the highest level of consumption, in a personal sense it is happiness, in a creative sense it is recognition, etc. Therefore, the drama of a freedom-loving young man is the story of the ups and downs of each of us, this image reflects the face of humanity.
In his dying confession, he says that he wants to be buried in the far corner of the monastery garden, so that the view from his grave overlooks the hero's native mountains. Mtsyri is a romantic hero, and despite the fact that in the last scene we see him broken, he dies with the thought that perhaps someday he will still meet his relatives and friends.
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