The first mention of the village of Dybun dates back to 1728... in connection with the Chernorechensky and Dybunsky iron smelting plants. It was in 1728 that deposits of swamp iron ore were found on Chernaya Rechka during the Copper Plant spill. In the area of the village of Dybun, two “domnitsa” (smelting furnaces) were built, which supplied the Sestroretsk arms factory with iron. (By decree of Peter I, fugitive peasants, captured soldiers and defectors were forcibly “planted”—resettled—on these lands.)
At the beginning of the 18th century, Peter donated the Aspen Grove manor to Admiral General Apraksin. In 1768, the Osinovaya Roshcha estate was bought by Count G.G. Orlov... In 1779, Catherine II gave these lands to Prince G.A. Potemkin... After Potemkin's death in 1791, the factories were transferred back to the treasury as his debt to the state. Then they were leased to an English merchant named Sharp, who was engaged in “iron flattening” (that is, steel rolling).
In 1797, by decree of Paul I, the plant was given into the possession of Major General Monakhtina and from that moment the plants ceased to exist. Later, the Aspen Grove manor belonged to Prince P.V. Lopukhin, Minister of Justice.
In 1807, Alexander I gave the lands along the right bank of the Black River, together with the village of Dybun, to Privy Councilor Ivan Grigorievich Dolinsky.
In 1833, Count V.V. Levashov received the Osinoroschinsky manor as a gift from Nicholas I, reigning at that time. The estate of Count Levashov was located in Osinovaya Roshcha... The count's estate in Osinovaya Roshcha is still preserved, although in a disfigured form. The earthen ramparts and ditches that were built to strengthen the estate are currently located on the territory of the military unit. Count Levashov lived on an estate, and on the territory of our villages at that time there was a dense pine forest.
The last owners of the Osinovaya Roshcha manor with villages on the left bank of the Black River were Countess Ekaterina Vladimirovna Levashova, the wife of Count Levashov’s son, and Princess Maria Vladimirovna Vyazemskaya, the daughter of Vasily Vasilyevich Levashov’s brother.
After the manifesto of February 19, peasants from the village of Dybun, registered with the landowner A.V. Levashova, agreed to buy out the entire plot. They were allotted 2,301 dessiatines of land, and a quitrent was imposed - 12 rubles per soul. Those peasants who could not buy the land went to the city to earn money. Thus, the income from the lands of the Osinovaya Roshcha manor fell every year.
Countess E.V. Levashova and Princess M.V. Vyazemskaya also began selling land in 1902.
Here are excerpts from the 1864 census: “Dybun at the Bezymyannaya River: 4 households, 9 men, 12 women”...
From the documents of the first general census of Russia in 1897, we learn that in Dibuny there were 41 households and 120 inhabitants. At the same time, a water mill is working, necessary for the needs of the peasants. Based on this fact, it can be judged that the Black River was full-flowing at that time; it began to shallow only with the cutting down of forests along the banks. There was also a bakery in Dibuny on the corner of Rechnaya and Novostroyek streets. Currently, one brick wall of this building has been preserved. There was also a “leaven establishment” with a German owner named Graiver. This establishment was located where the spring is now. The quality of water was valued even then, and in our time doctors have proven its healing properties.
Above the bridge near the Bezymianny stream, there were ponds adapted for trout breeding... On certain days, a driver came from St. Petersburg with a barrel in which trout was transported to the royal table.
At the same time, a timber exchange, many small handicraft workshops and a brick factory operated in Dibuny. It was founded in 1880, as deposits of valuable blue clay were discovered here, very close to the surface. At the end of the 19th century, the plant employed up to 200 workers, which was a large production. In 1936, the plant was closed: the raw material—valuable blue clay—ran out.
Until 1902, the area was built up chaotically; only on May 28, 902, at a meeting of the construction department of the St. Petersburg provincial government, a development plan for the village of Dibuny was approved. Among the dense forest lie Grafskaya, Pogragnaya, Klyuchevaya and Tserkovnaya streets.
On June 30 of the same year, the plan for the village of Grafskaya Colony was approved... At the request of the last owners, the main streets of the village were named Levashovsky and Vyazemsky Avenues, and the rest were named after the children and nephews of Count Levashov. The village belonged to the Osinoroschinskaya volost.
The villages grew, but neither Dibuny nor Grafskaya had platforms, although the road ran through their territory. The station, first of all, was needed in Dibuny, since it was necessary to export products from the brick factory. Here the platform was built in 1904, and a little later in Grafskaya.
In our villages, one after another, two churches began to operate. In Grafskaya, the church in the name of the Most Holy Seraphim of Sarov opened in 1904. The first priest was Nikolai Ivanovich Mironov, Vasily Yakovlevich Pavlov became the church warden.
In Dibuny the church was built and consecrated in 1914. The first priest was Pavel Konstantinovich Kharizamenov (repressed in 1930).
The proximity of the state border ensured order in the village: customs officers checked all passengers on trains traveling from Levashov to Beloostrov.
Based on the materials of the article “History of the foundation of the villages of Grafskaya-Dibuny-Pesochny”, L.F. Bronze.
The word Dibuny is a little unusual for the Russian language. Nevertheless, for the residents of Pesochny, the word Dibuny is native - after all, Dibuny is part of Pesochny. Dibuny has its own railway platform (many still remember the poem from childhood “What kind of station is this - Dibuny or Yamskaya?”), its own church, and there used to be a kindergarten. Today, not many people think about the origin of this word.
Until 1938, the current part of the village of Pesochny was a separate village called Dybun (later Dibuny). Where did this name come from? There are three versions about this:
1. It is believed that the name of the village Dybun is of Finnish origin. It comes from the name of the hill “tipun”, which is located near the Deaf Lake;
2. It is believed that the name of the settlement comes from the word “rack”. St. Petersburg was being built at a rapid pace during these years, craftsmen were gathered from all the surrounding volosts, working conditions were very difficult and people tried to escape from the construction site. When caught, they would be punished - the rack. It is assumed that the weapon for punishment - the rack - was located in our area; from this word the name of the settlement - Dybun - came from.
3. A different opinion on this matter suggests that the name of the settlement came from the name of the area. We know that the Black River originates from Lake Sarzhenka and it was there, in the upper reaches of the river, according to the 18th century map, that there was a marshy area called the “Bolshoi Dybun tract”. This name meant “upturned earth.” And most likely the settlement began to be named after the name of the area where the Black River comes from.
In 1902, the owners of the Osinoroshchinskaya manor, Countess Ekaterina Vladimirovna Levashova and Princess Maria Vladimirovna Vyazemskaya, decided to sell off the land to form a holiday village.
Count Alexander Vladimirovich Stenobok-Fermor, the owner of lands on the right bank of the Black River, also decides to sell part of the lands for the same purposes.
The sale went briskly, land plots of 400, 800, 1200 sq. m. fathoms were bought by wealthy individuals - merchants, officials, officers and clergy.
On July 30, 1902, at a meeting of the Construction Department of the St. Petersburg Provincial Board, a development plan for the village of Grafskaya was approved. The plan for approval on behalf of the last owners was presented by the manager of the Osinovaya Roshcha estate, F.F. Kolye.
So on the map of St. Petersburg Uyezd in 1902, two new villages appeared at once: Grafskaya and Dibuny.
By 1903 - 1905 Intensified construction of both villages began. The former owners of these lands also gave the name to the villages: first - “Count Colony”, but this name did not take root among the residents, then - “Count” - on the left bank of the river, and on the right bank of the river the old name of the village “Dibuny” was preserved.
The history of the renaming of the village of Grafskaya into the village of Pesochnaya, which later changed its gender to masculine and became known as Pesochny, is not much different from the mass of other renamings during the years of Soviet power. Well, a workers’ settlement couldn’t bear an almost counter-revolutionary name. Thank you for at least not touching the temples.
From materials identified by I.Z. Liberzon:
“In documents for 1925, the names Grafskaya and Pesochnaya appear simultaneously, both. In documents from 1926, the name Pesochnaya appears mainly. Obviously, the renaming took place at the end of 1924 - beginning of 1925.”
Protocol No. 31 of September 1, 1931
Presidium meetings
Leningrad Suburban District Executive Committee
“In 1938, the village. Grafskaya, at the request of the population, is renamed into the village. Pesochinsky and the independent Pesochinsky village Council of Workers' Deputies is elected, which is part of the Pargolovsky District Executive Committee...
(Chepky Y.A. - secretary of the party bureau of the territorial party organization of the village of Pesochny).
On November 27, 1938, the holiday villages of Dibuny and Pesochnaya, Pargolovsky district, Leningrad region, were united into the village. Sand. The latter is classified as a worker.
- What kind of station is this -
Dibuny or Yamskaya? -
And from the platform they say:
- This is the city of Leningrad.
Samuel Marshak.
The map of St. Petersburg and its surroundings is rich in the most unusual and fantastic names. Continuing the series of stories about the historical districts of our beloved city, today we will talk a little about Dibun, which is located on the right bank of the Black River in the Resort District.
Horse of Peter the Great, swamp, torture
Of course, the first thing we want to do is find out what kind of animal this is? - “dibun”. As usual, there are several versions of the origin of the name of the area.
The first of them asks us to get a Finnish-Russian dictionary. The fact is that in this language there is a word Tipuna - swamp or bog, which was the name for the local Dybun-swamp, where swamp iron ore was mined. There is also a monarchical version. They say that once Peter the Great was riding horseback in these places, and when he freely rushed past the lake, the king’s horse suddenly reared up, and this fact was immortalized in the name of the area. The third version of the origin of the name is quite sad. The construction of our city, as we know, was not an easy and even difficult task: the pace was fast, the conditions were sometimes inhuman. Therefore, the workers, forcibly gathered to build the city on the orders of the same Peter, often tried to escape from here. If they were found, they were punished with a torture device - a rack, which, according to legend, was located in these parts.
Dacha Paradise and the Chimney Sweep Society
The official date of birth of the Dibunovs is considered to be 1902, when the owner of the village of Dybun (there were several variations of the name before the revolution, up to the gentle “Dybunok”), Count Alexander Vladimirovich Stenobok-Fermor, decides to sell part of his lands for the construction of a holiday village. His example was followed by the sisters who, interestingly, owned the village of the same name on the left bank - Countess Levashova and Princess Vyazemskaya. The reason for doing this was quite compelling - at the turn of the century, St. Petersburg was gripped by a real dacha boom, and the price of a dacha in the direction of the Grand Duchy of Finland could reach 1,500 rubles per summer. The demand for dachas was great, and the new villages of Dibuny and Grafskaya of the St. Petersburg Uyezd grew by leaps and bounds; according to local historians, already in 1908, as many as 23 trading shops were located on 29 streets of Dibuny and Grafskaya.
In addition, local residents (and some owners of plots lived here year-round) loved to unite in a variety of societies, and a great variety of them can be found in the sources: County-Dibun Voluntary Fire Society, established by the Consumer Society; Society of Philistines and Voters of the St. Petersburg District in the village of Dybuny; Society for the Improvement of Dacha Areas; Society of Brass Music Lovers; Society of Journeymen and Watchmakers; The Society of Junior Hospital Staff and even the Society of Chimney Sweeps.
What kind of station is this?..
Dibuny is famous for the fact that a wooden station building from 1902 has been preserved here, the same one that the Absent-Minded Marshak asked about, the only one on the Zelenogorsk line that has come down to us almost in its original form.
The Dibuny station is also revolutionary and conspiratorial. It was here on the night of August 9, 1917 that Vladimir Ulyanov-Lenin illegally boarded the cabin of the steam locomotive G. Yalava and traveled to Terijoki (now Zelenogorsk). Lenin came to Dibuny on foot from his famous hut, which is located nearby, on the shore of the Sestroretsk flood. By the way, it is possible to repeat Lenin’s path today - the path from Dibuny to the Shalash Museum is paved. However, you will have to literally follow in the footsteps of the leader of the world proletariat or on skis (in the summer - on a bicycle) - the guidebooks say that a car will not pass over the bridge over the Chernaya River.
To conclude our brief conversation about Dibuny, we will say that now it is truly the “city of Leningrad”: they have become part of the village of Pesochny, turning into a historical district of the city.
Dibuny (Finnish: Tipuna) is the name of a part of the village of Pesochny in the Kurortny district of St. Petersburg, located on the right bank of the Black River.
Until 1917, the village was called Dybun. The railway station of the same name (built in 1902) on the St. Petersburg-Vyborg section, between the Grafskaya (Pesochnaya) and Beloostrov stations. According to one version, the village received its name from the high Dybun hill. According to another, the name Dibuna comes from the word “dybun” (Finnish: Tipuna), that is, bog, swamp. There is another, less popular version, which says that when Peter I rode past the quarry in the depths of Dibunov, his horse reared up in front of this lake. And the name of the village comes from the word “Racks”. Before the revolution, the area was part of the Osinovoroshchinskaya volost of the St. Petersburg district. In 1938, the village of Dibuny became part of the village of Pesochny. At the beginning of the 18th century, deposits of bog iron ore were found on the Black River near Dibuny. In 1728, two firehouses were built here, and then a factory for the production of cast iron and steel. In 1769, the Chernorechensky factories were donated by Catherine II to Potemkin, but were soon bought from him by the treasury. In 1880, a brick factory was founded in Dibuny, owned by Princess M.V. Vyazemskaya. It employed 200 people. At the beginning of the 20th century, the suburbs of St. Petersburg were swept by a dacha boom. Part of the lands located on the right bank of the Black River and belonging to Count Stenbock-Fermor were sold to establish a holiday village on them. At the same time, on the lands located on the left bank of the Black River and belonging to Countess E. V. Levashova and Princess M. V. Vyazemskaya, a small village of Grafskaya colony or simply Grafskaya (the modern village of Pesochny) arose. Church of St. App. Peter and Paul.
Archived data
Documents have been preserved from the history of the village of Dybun, St. Petersburg province, and the district, concerning land surveying: “... land surveying in the village of Dybun on October 29, 1807, by decree of Emperor Alexander I, since this village was in 1779 surrounded by a common district with The Beloostrovsk estate of land surveyor Captain Mikhailo D'kov with its arable lands, hay fields, forests and other lands, which are, by all-merciful grant, in the eternal and hereditary possession of the Privy Councilor Karger of the Collegium, Vice-President and Cavalier Ivan Grigorievich Dolinsky from all adjacent foreign lands as follows: beginning boundaries adjacent to different lands from the villages of Lisiy Nosu and from the village of the Sestroretsk arms factory of the Department of the State Military Collegium of the Artillery Expedition, the manor of Osinovaya Roshcha, the owner of the court adviser Anna Fedorovna Ogorodnikova on the banks of the Black River, and the land on which the peasant yard of the property of the commerce adviser and gentleman Alexander Vasilyevich Olkhin..."... "In that village, demarcated from all adjacent lands by one circular boundary, at the present time it is located under a peasant building. Vegetable gardens and bean gardens three hundred sixty-eight square meters. a fathom, a clean hayfield...
