Daedalus and Icarus. Gods and Heroes: Daedalus and Icarus Brief Retelling of Daedalus and Icarus

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Daedalus, a descendant of King Erechtheus, lived in Athens, he was a great architect, artist and sculptor of ancient Hellas. He built many beautiful buildings and temples, created many wonderful statues, which were of such great skill that they were said to be moving and seeing. Daedalus invented many tools useful for people.
Daedalus had a nephew, his disciple Taloe. He was distinguished by even greater talent and skill than Daedalus. As a boy, he invented the saw without the help of his teacher - this idea prompted him to look at a fish bone. He invented compasses, potter's wheel, chisel and many other useful items.
And so Daedalus, jealous of his gifted student Talos, decided to kill him. Once he threw him from the high Athenian Acropolis. They learned about this, and in order to avoid the punishment that threatened him, Daedalus left his hometown of Athens and fled to the island of Crete, to the power-hungry king Minos, who joyfully accepted the skilled craftsman.
Minos instructed him to build a huge building for the terrible bull Minotaur with many winding, intricate passages.
And there was a Minotaur half-bull-half-man, he had a body of a bull. And so the inventive Daedalus built a huge labyrinth for the monster, consisting of many long underground corridors, from where it was impossible for anyone who did not know them to get back. This is where King Minos settled his Minotaur.
But Daedalus soon realized that the king was looking at him as his prisoner, that they were watching him and did not want to let him go, but he wanted to leave Crete and return to his homeland.
Once Daedalus presented a gift to Pasiphae, the wife of Minos, without telling the king about it. For this, the cruel Minos decided to take revenge on the artist.
He ordered to conclude Daedalus, along with his son Icarus, in a terrible labyrinth, but they managed to escape from there. And so Daedalus firmly decided to leave the island of Crete, but it was almost impossible to do this. And then Daedalus thought: “If the sea routes are closed to me, only the free sky remains for me. The evil and greedy Minos can take over everything, but not the sky! And he began to think about how he could rise into the air and master the free element.
Daedalus thought for a long time, and, carefully watching the flight of birds, he began to skillfully fit the bird feathers one to one, starting from the smallest to the longest, and tied them in the middle with linen threads, and fastened them with wax at the bottom. So he made them look like real big wings, then he gave them a slight bend, which happens with the wingspan of birds.
The young son of Daedalus, Icarus, closely followed the work of his father and began to help him. When the wings were ready, Daedalus put them on and, waving them like a bird, rose into the air. Icarus began to ask his father to make the same wings for him and take him on a flight with him. Daedalus made wings for Icarus and began to instruct him before departure:
- My son, hold on, flying, the middle. If you go too low, the waves of the sea can wet your wings and you will drown in the sea, but if you rise high, the hot sun can scorch them and the wax that holds the wings together will melt. Keep your path between the sea and the sun, fly after me.
Having made wings for Icarus, he soon taught him to rise above the ground.
On the day when it was decided to fly from the island of Crete, Daedalus, early at dawn, attached wings to Icarus, hugged him, kissed him and flew into the air. Icarus followed him.
As a bird that has flown out of its nest for the first time with its chick looks back, encourages it and points out how easier it is to fly, so Daedalus looked back timidly at his son Icarus. The fishermen looked at them in amazement, pulling a net on the seashore; the shepherds and farmers, who followed the plow, wondered if it was the gods flying over the fields. And there was already an open sea under Daedalus and Icarus, the islands of Samos, Patmos and Delos, Lebint and Kalymna remained behind them, and the shores of Hellas were already visible in the distance. Many people marveled at the brave aeronauts. Icarus began to fly bolder and, forgetting his father's advice, rose high to the sky to refresh his chest in the cold ether. But the hot sun melted the wax that fastened the feathers on the wings, they fell apart and hung on the shoulders of Icarus.
In vain, the unfortunate young man stretched out his hands to his father, the air no longer held him, and now Icarus is rapidly falling into the sea. In fright, he only managed to shout the name of his father and drowned in the raging waves. Daedalus looked around, hearing the cry of his son, but he looked for him in vain. - Icarus, where are you? Daedalus shouted for a long time. But only feathers floated on the waves of the sea. Delal landed on the nearest island, and for a long time he wandered, sad, along the seashore. Soon the body of Icarus was washed ashore by the waves.
Daedalus buried his beloved son, and from that time on the island that Ikaria began to be called, and the sea in which Icarus drowned was named Ikarian in memory of him.
Directed his way Delal from Ikaria to Sicily and was there cordially received by King Kokal. He did many wonderful works for him and his daughters: he built a beautiful palace on a high rock, built a deep cave in which he arranged underground heating, erected a temple to Aphrodite and made golden honeycombs for him so skillfully that it seemed they were filled with real transparent honey . Minos, trying to find Daedalus, came up with a trick. He announced that he would give a big reward to whoever could thread a thread through a winding shell. Kokal, seduced by the reward, instructed Daedalus to complete this task. A skilled craftsman tied a thread to the ant's leg, and the ant pulled it through the shell. Kokal reported this to Minos, and he then guessed that Daedalus was at Kokal. Then Minos arrived in warships in Sicily to bring Daedalus back to him. But the daughters of the Sicilian king, who loved Delalus, decided to destroy the evil Minos: they prepared a warm bath for him and, while he was sitting in it, poured boiling water over him.
Having lost his son, Daedalus from that time on was no longer happy. Having done a lot of wonderful things for people, he lived to a very sad old age and died, according to some legends, in Sicily, and according to others - in Athens, where after him there was a glorious family of Daedalides, that is, the descendants of Daedalus.

Myths and legends of ancient Greece. Illustrations.

A long time ago, a wonderful sculptor, artist, builder and inventor lived in the Greek city of Athens. His name was Daedalus. Let's talk about the legend of Daedalus and Icarus.

It was a master of all trades. Daedalus painted walls with amazing paintings, sculpted statues, built houses and palaces, and made tools for various crafts.

The statues and works of Daedalus looked like they were alive, and therefore people tied them up so that they would not escape; the horses neighed in front of his paintings, as if recognizing their living brethren on them; people gave him almost divine honors.

However, for all his genius, he was not without human weaknesses. So, when the great master realized that his nephew Taloe was even more gifted, he killed him out of envy, throwing him off a cliff.

Fleeing from a death sentence, he decided to flee his hometown. After some time, he, along with his son Icarus, reached the island of Crete. Here the master again took up his crafts. Once again people believed in the boundless power of his art.

King Minos of Crete decided not to let go of Daedalus. He guarded him like a prisoner. He greatly missed his homeland and dreamed of returning. Working at night, he made two pairs of large bird wings for himself and his son.

On the day when the wings were ready, he took to the air with their help. He taught his son to fly too. But before embarking on a long journey, he instructed his son: once in the sky, Icarus should not approach the Sun, otherwise the hot rays will melt the wax that holds the wings together.

And here they are in the sky. Smoothly cutting through the air with amazing wings, they flew forward to their beloved homeland. Daedalus flew ahead, followed by his son. Soon, the fast flight seemed to intoxicate the young man.

Like a strange bird, the son soared in the air, enjoying freedom. He wanted to go higher, even higher.

In some kind of joyful impulse, he shot up towards the Sun - and at the same moment, scorched by its hot rays, he fell down into the dark waters of the stormy sea.

On the map of modern Greece, you can find the island of Ikaria. It got its name in memory of this great inventor. People remembered the story of the young madman, not particularly inquiring whether it was reliable or not. Here is such a small legend and story about Daedalus and Icarus.

Flight of Icarus

  1. This is not only a dream of a person to rise into the sky, but also a contrast between the dream of dull prudence, reconciliation with bondage, external well-being.
  2. 500 years ago, in the writings of Leonardo da Vinci, the first sketches of aircraft appeared.
  3. 250 years ago, the Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov was engaged in drawings and building aircraft.
  4. 200 years ago, the balloon of the Montgolfier brothers, having risen into the sky, realized the cherished dream of mankind - to fly like a bird.
  5. 150 years ago, the first controlled airships appeared in the sky.
  6. 100 years ago, the English Channel was crossed by air; made a flight over the Alps; flight speed reached 200 km per hour; flight altitude - 2,000 m.
  7. 80 years ago, regular lines of civil aviation were opened.
  8. 55 years ago, Chkalov flew over the North Pole.
  9. Jet aviation was born 50 years ago.
  10. 35 years ago TU-104 opened the era of passenger jet aviation.

Based on Ovid's "Metamorphoses"

Jacob Peter Govey. "The Fall of Icarus"

The greatest artist, sculptor and architect of Athens was Daedalus, a descendant of Erechtheus. It was said about him that he carved such marvelous statues from snow-white marble that they seemed alive; the statues of Daedalus seemed to be watching and moving. Many tools were invented by Daedalus for his work; he invented the ax and the drill. The glory of Daedalus went far.

This great artist had a nephew Tal, the son of his sister Perdika. Tal was a student of his uncle. Already in his early youth, he amazed everyone with his talent and ingenuity. It could be foreseen that Tal would far surpass his teacher. Daedalus was jealous of his nephew and decided to kill him. Once Daedalus stood with his nephew on the high Athenian Acropolis at the very edge of the cliff. No one was visible around. Seeing that they were alone, Daedalus pushed his nephew off the cliff. The artist was sure that his crime would go unpunished. Falling from a cliff, Tal crashed to death. Daedalus hastily descended from the Acropolis, raised the body of Tal and already wanted to secretly bury it in the ground, but the Athenians caught Daedalus when he was digging a grave. The crime of Daedalus was revealed. The Areopagus sentenced him to death.

Fleeing from death, Daedalus fled to Crete to the mighty king Minos, the son of Zeus and Europe. Minos willingly took under his protection the great artist of Greece. Many marvelous works of art were made by Daedalus for the king of Crete. He also built for him the famous palace of the Labyrinth, with such intricate passages that once entering it, it was impossible to find a way out. In this palace, Minos imprisoned the son of his wife Pasiphae, the terrible Minotaur, a monster with the body of a man and the head of a bull.

Daedalus lived with Minos for many years. The king from Crete did not want to let him go; only he wanted to use the art of the great artist. Like a prisoner, held Minos Daedalus in Crete. Daedalus thought for a long time how to escape him, and finally found a way to free himself from Cretan bondage.

If I cannot, - exclaimed Daedalus, - be saved from the power of Minos neither by land nor by sea, then the sky is open for flight! Here is my way! Minos owns everything, only he does not own the air!

Daedalus set to work. He collected feathers, fastened them with linen thread and wax, and began to make four large wings from them. While Daedalus worked, his son Icarus played near his father: either he caught fluff, which flew up from the breath of the breeze, or crumpled wax in his hands. The boy frolicked nonchalantly, he was amused by his father's work. Finally, Daedalus finished his work; the wings were ready.

Daedalus and Icarus

Lord Frederick Leighton.Icarus and Daedalus.1869

Charles Paul Landon.:Icarus and Daedalus.1769

Daedalus tied the wings behind his back, put his hands into the loops attached to the wings, waved them and smoothly rose into the air. Icarus looked in amazement at his father, who soared in the air like a huge bird. Daedalus descended to earth and said to his son:

Daedalus and Icarus by Anthony van Dyck. (Toronto).1630

Listen, Icarus, now we will fly away from Crete. Be careful while flying. Do not go too low to the sea, so that the salt spray of the waves does not wet your wings. Do not rise even close to the sun: the heat can melt the wax, and feathers will scatter. Follow me, keep up with me.

Maso da San Friano.Caída de Icaro, Studiolo de Francesco I, Palazzo Vecchio (Florencia).1570

Bol, Hans - Landscape with the Fall of Icarus.

The father and son put their wings on their hands and flew lightly. Those who saw them flying high above the earth thought that these were two gods rushing through the azure sky. Daedalus often turned around to see how his son was flying. They have already passed the islands of Delos, Paros, and are flying farther and farther.

A quick flight amuses Icarus, he flaps his wings more and more boldly. Icarus forgot his father's instructions; it doesn't follow him anymore. Strongly flapping his wings, he flew high under the very sky, closer to the radiant sun. The scorching rays melted the wax that fastened the feathers of the wings, the feathers fell out and scattered far through the air, driven by the wind. Icarus waved his hands, but there are no more wings on them. Headlong he fell from a terrible height into the sea and died in its waves.

Daedalus turned around, looking around. No Icarus. Loudly he began to call his son:

Icarus! Icarus! Where are you? Respond!

Lucílio de Albuquerque - Despertar de Ícaro

Herbert James Draper.Lament for Icarus.1898

No answer. Daedalus saw on the sea waves the feathers from the wings of Icarus and understood what had happened. How Daedalus hated his art, how he hated the day when he planned to escape from Crete by air!

And the body of Icarus for a long time rushed along the waves of the sea, which became known by the name of the deceased Ikarian. Finally, his waves washed up on the shore of the island; Hercules found him there and buried him.

Ceiling of a room in the Louvre museum.

Daedalus continued his flight and finally flew to Sicily. There he settled with King Kokal. Minos found out where the artist had hidden, went with a large army to Sicily and demanded that Kokal give him Daedalus.

Fall of Icarus Blondel decoration Louvre

The daughters of Kokal did not want to lose such an artist as Daedalus. They came up with a trick. They persuaded the father to agree to the demands of Minos and accept him as a guest in the palace. When Minos was taking a bath, the daughters of Kokal poured a cauldron of boiling water over his head; Minos died in terrible agony. Daedalus lived for a long time in Sicily. He spent the last years of his life at home, in Athens; there he became the ancestor of the Daedalides, a glorious family of Athenian artists.

In very distant times, when people still had neither tools nor machines, a great the artist is Daedalus. He is the first who was able to teach the Greeks how to build amazing buildings. The artists who came before him did not know how to depict people in motion, so they made statues that looked like puppets with their eyes closed. But Daedalus carved beautiful statues from marble, showing people in motion.

Daedalus invented all his tools himself, and he also taught people how to use them. He taught the builders of buildings how to check - with a stone on a thread - in order to find out if they were laying the walls correctly.

The artist had a nephew. He often helped him in the workshop and studied with him. One day, while looking at the fins of a fish, the thought occurred to him make a saw; he invented the circle in order to draw the correct circle; cut a wooden circle and made it rotate, and then sculpted on it earthenware- jugs, pots and round cups.

Once Daedalus and a young man climbed to the top of the Acropolis to look at the magnificent beauty of the city from a great height. Thinking, the young man stepped on the very edge of the cliff, he could not resist, fell from the mountain and crashed.

The Athenians blamed Daedalus for the death of the boy and he had to flee from Athens. He was able to get to the famous by ship islands of Crete. King Minos ruled there.

The king was glad that fate had brought him a great and famous Athenian artist and builder. Minos forced Daedalus to work for him and gave him a home.

Often Daedalus sat on the seashore and dreamed of returning to Athens, but he understood that Minos would never let him go and not a single ship that sailed from Crete would dare to take the famous builder with them.

Once, sitting by the sea, Daedalus raised his eyes to the wide sky and thought: “There is no way for me by the sea, but the sky is open to me. Who can stop me on the airway? Birds cut through the air with their wings and fly wherever they want. Is a man worse than a bird?

He wanted to make himself wings and fly away from captivity. Every day he tried to find and collect the feathers of large birds. At his hut, Daedalus skillfully tied feathers with strong linen threads and fastened with wax. So he was able to make four wings - two for his son Icarus, who lived with him on the island of Crete, and two for himself. The wings were attached to the arms and chest with a crosswise bandage.

And then one day, Daedalus decided to try his wings, he put them on, and smoothly waving his arms, he was able to rise above the ground. When he descended he put wings on his son and taught him to fly.

– Smoothly and calmly wave your arms, do not try to go down too low to the waves, otherwise you will wet your wings, and do not rise very high so that the rays of the sun do not scorch you. Always follow me. That's what the father said to his son.

One morning they left Crete. The shepherds in the meadow and the fishermen in the sea saw them fly away, but they thought that these were great winged gods flying over them. And when the rocky island is far behind, the sun began to rise, and its rays burned more and more.

Daedalus flew very carefully, following his instructions, but Icarus loved free flight, he forgot what his father told him. He wanted to rise high, high, higher than the birds, higher than the swallows. And at the moment when Daedalus did not look at him, Icarus rose to the very sun.

The wax melted under the hot rays, the feathers disintegrated and scattered around. Icarus waved his arms, but nothing else kept him in the air. He fell, fell into the sea and disappeared into its depths.

When Daedalus looked back, he did not see his son, but only white feathers that floated on the waves.

In desperation, he descended to the first island he came across, where in a fit of rage he broke his wings and forever cursed his art, which killed his son.

But people remember first flight of Daedalus and Icarus, and since then they have hoped that one day they will be able to conquer the air.

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