The modern flag of the Republic of Kalmykia was created according to the sketch of the artist B.B. Erdneev. In July 1993, the flag was approved and has been the official symbol of the independent republic ever since.
Flag Description
The flag of Kalmykia is a yellow rectangle with the image of a white lotus placed in a circle of the color of the sky. The color of the sun or the color of gold is a Buddhist creed. Blue is the symbol of heaven and freedom. In the generally accepted interpretation, blue is a symbol of eternity and constancy. The lotus flower is one of the most ancient symbols in Buddhism. It symbolizes the purity of the soul, the desire for happiness and prosperity.
The emblem with a flower is located in the center of the panel. In the figure, a lotus flower is depicted with nine snow-white petals, five of which reach for the sky, and four look down. Each of the top petals of the flower symbolizes one of the five continents of the world. The personification of the four cardinal points is a row of lower petals. The emblem of the Republic of Kalmykia was conceived as a symbol of friendship and cooperation of all countries and peoples of the world.
The pole, to which the flag is attached, ends with a tip similar to the tongues of a red fire. The symbol of the union of the ancient Kalmyk people is also depicted on the shaft in the form of four crossed circles.
Coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia
4 facts from the history of creation
Today it is already the fourth version of the state symbol of the Republic of Kalmykia.
The first flag of Kalmykia was approved in 1937. On the red cloth in the left corner, in gold letters and in two languages: Russian and Kalmyk, it was written - “R.S.F.S.R. R.S.F.S.R. Kalmytskaya A.S.S.R. HALMG A.S.S.R.”
On the second flag, a pentagonal star was painted on top, and below it was the symbol of the USSR - a hammer and sickle. Also, a blue stripe was added from the left edge of the rectangle across the entire width of the flag. These changes took place in 1978.
In 1992, after the independence of the republic was recognized (1991), the name of the state changed to the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangch. In the same year, the symbol of the republic was changed and the third flag of the Republic of Kalmykia appeared.
Three different horizontal stripes now flaunted on a large panel: a bright blue stripe on top, scarlet on the bottom, and a bright yellow stripe in the middle. The ancient word "Kalmyk" was written in red letters on the yellow stripe.
Now we have the fourth flag, which we called “Ulan zalata halmg”.
Flag sizes
The ratio of the flag's length to width is 2:1, and the ratio of the circle's radius to the flag's width to the circle's radius is 7:2.
Capital: Elista
Total area: 76,100 km²
Date of formation: 9. 1. 1957
Population: 278,855
Currency: Russian ruble (RUB)
Telephone code: 847
Colors: yellow, blue, white
Shapes: lotus, circle
Continent: ,
In the upper part of the coat of arms, which is meant as consciousness, there is a dorvn toolg - a symbol of the union of four Oirat tribes - these are the origins of the Kalmyk people. This ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all the peoples inhabiting the four cardinal points. In the central part of the coat of arms, where the soul is meant, there is a lancer of the hall.
The coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangich sulde is an image of "Ulan zala" and "Khadak" in a golden yellow circle framed by the national ornament "zeg" on a blue background, at the base of which are the petals of a white lotus flower. In the upper part of the emblem there is an image of the ancient symbol of Derben - the Oirats - four circles fastened together.
Explanation:
In the upper part of the coat of arms, which is meant as consciousness, there is a dorvn toolg - a symbol of the union of four Oirat tribes - these are the origins of the Kalmyk people. This ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all the peoples inhabiting the four cardinal points.
In the central part of the coat of arms, where the soul is meant, there is a lancer of the hall.
The historical origin of the Lancer Hall:
In 1437, the Oirat leader Gogon-taisha signed a special decree on the obligatory wearing by the Oirats of the ulan hall on their headdresses, as a distinctive sign from other peoples of the East.
In 1750, Dondok Daishi issued a law confirming the above decree.
And, finally, in 1822, at the Zenzelinsky meeting of the Kalmyk noyons, zaisangs, lamas and gelungs, a decision was made: “Everyone should have a lancer on a hat and every man should wear a braid” ...
Lancers of the hall contains a symbolic load. For Buddhists, during prayer and meditation, according to the teachings of the Buddha, a thousand-leaf white lotus opens on the back of the head. When they pray, they fold the palms of both hands and lift them over their heads. At this moment, according to Buddhist teaching, the door of consciousness opens. Then the worshipers touch the chin, mouth and chest with their hands, thereby opening the doors of speech and soul. This ritual carries the purification of the mind, consciousness, speech and soul, as well as the knowledge of the truth. This ritual also implied that the consciousness of man was always open. Therefore, the wearing of a lancer hall (on the highest place - the head), symbolizing the sacred white lotus, was introduced.
In the circle framing the ulan zala and dorn toolg, the “zeg” ornament is depicted, testifying to the nomadic way of life in the past and the bright path of prosperity.
The basis of the coat of arms is a white lotus - a symbol of spiritual purity, rebirth and prosperity.
The coat of arms is blue, yellow and white.
Blue color means eternity, freedom and constancy. This is the favorite color of the steppes - nomads. Yellow is the color of the religion of the people, it is the color of the skin and, finally, it is the personification that Kalmykia should always be sunny.
The uhlan of the hall is crowned with a white khadak. White color means our peaceful views, friendly relations with all peoples living both in Kalmykia and beyond.
The author of the State Emblem of Kalmykia is the artist Erdneev Bata Badmaevich. The coat of arms was adopted as a result of the competition for the best design of the State Emblem and the State Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia, in which Badendaev S.N., Montyshev V.M., Khartskhaev D.Kh., Erdneev B.B.
The flag of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangchin tug is a rectangular panel of golden-yellow tsevt, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. The flag is attached to a staff topped with a red tip in the form of a "tongue of flame" with contour outlines on it of the ancient symbol of the Derben Oirots - four circles crossed among themselves, at the base of which is the "Ulan Zala". The aspect ratio of the flag is 1:2.
The yellow canvas of the flag, as well as the color of the coat of arms, means the religion of the people, the color of their skin, the sun-drenched republic. In the center of the flag is a blue circle depicting a white lotus, which means the road to a bright future, to prosperity, well-being and happiness of the peoples of Kalmykia.
The author of the State Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is the artist Erdneev Bata Badmaevich. The flag was adopted as a result of the competition for the best design of the State Emblem and the State Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia, in which Badendaev S.N., Montyshev V.M., Khartskhaev D.Kh., Erdneev B.B.
Russian Civilization
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
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MBOU "Artesian Secondary School No. 2" Title of work: "Symbols of the Republic of Kalmykia". Nomination: multimedia publications Type of work: multimedia presentation Information about the author: Sharashkieva Amulanga, 5th grade student Information about the consultant: Dzhinkeyeva Irina Davidovna, teacher
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I live in the Republic of Kalmykia. The Republic of Kalmykia (Kalm. Khalmg Tanguch) is a republic, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Southern Federal District. The capital is the city of Elista. It borders on the Republic of Dagestan in the south, on the Stavropol Territory in the southwest, on the Rostov Region in the west, on the Volgograd Region in the northwest, and on the Astrakhan Region in the east.
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Nomadic in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River, in the area called Sekizmuren (Eight Rivers), the ancestors of modern Kalmyks were conquered by Genghis Khan in 1208 and in the Mongol army they made up the left wing - dzuun gar (hence the name - Dzungars, Dzungaria). Initially, the Kalmyks lived in Dzungaria (which was the name of the vast country between the Altai, Tien Shan, the Gobi Desert and Lake Balkhash; in our time, only the northern part of East Turkestan or Xinjiang is called Dzungaria), where, after the fall of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in 1368 in China, the Tsoros tribes ( Dzungars), Derbets, Torgouts and Khoshouts signed an alliance "Derben Oirot", i.e. "four close ones", whence the first historical self-name of the Kalmyks - Oirots ("close ones"). At the beginning of the 17th century, with the intensification of the onslaught of the Khalkha Mongols, Han feudal lords and Kazakh khans, the ancestors of the Kalmyks migrated to the Russian state. In the Volga steppes Kalmyks (over 250 thousand people in 50 thousand wagons) appeared in 1632 under the leadership of the Khan of the Torgouts Ho-Urlyuk and occupied the left and right banks of the Volga River from Samara to the Caspian Sea and Kuban. In 1635, the example of Ho-Urlyuk was followed by the Hoshout tribes, led by Turu-Baykhu (Gushi-Khan), who did not want to obey Bator-khuntaiji, who in 1638 proclaimed himself the All-Oirat Khan. The history of the formation of the Republic of Kalmykia
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Since then, the modern self-name of the Kalmyks appeared - "halmg", literally "remnant", i.e. those who did not obey Bator-huntaiji. In the sparsely populated steppes of the lower Volga, along the Don and Manych, they formed the Kalmyk Khanate, the inner life of which was determined by the "Steppe Code" (Tsaardzhin bichik). Due to the oppression of the tsarist administration in 1771, the vast majority of the Kalmyks, led by Ubushi Khan, left for China, 2/3 of whom died during the transition. Only that part of the Kalmyks, 13,000 families, remained in the Kalmyk steppe, which did not have time to cross the Volga and was detained by the tsarist administration. The Kalmyk Khanate was abolished and the Kalmyk uluses were transferred to the control of the Astrakhan provincial authorities. In the 1780s-90s. Don Kalmyks were included in the Don Host Region with enrollment in the Cossack estate. In 1861, the Bolshederbetovsky ulus was transferred from Astrakhan to the Stavropol province. On March 25, 1917, the Kalmyk noyons and zaisangs convened a congress, which petitioned the Provisional Government of Russia for the creation of a Kalmyk Cossack army and the autonomy of the Kalmyk people. On July 1, 1917, by the decision of the Provisional Government, the Steppe Region of the Kalmyk people was formed, and in September 1917, a separate Kalmyk Cossack army was created. On November 4, 1920, by a joint decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Kalmyk Autonomous Region was created from parts of the territories of the Astrakhan, Tsaritsyn, Stavropol provinces, Don and Terek regions.
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In 1990, a declaration was adopted on sovereignty and the transformation of Kalmykia into a union republic (SSR). In 1993, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov was elected the first president of the Republic of Kalmykia. In 1994, the "Steppe Code (constitution) of the Republic of Kalmykia" was adopted, named in memory of the "constitution" of the Dzungar Khanate, which confirmed the status of the republic as a subject and an integral part of the Russian Federation, while declaring the continuity of the Dzungar Khanate - the Republic of Kalmykia.
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The national flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. "Ulan zalata halmg" - the local name of the republican flag of Kalmykia. The yellow (golden) background color of the flag symbolizes the sun and Buddhism as the main religion of the Kalmyks. The blue color represents the sky, and in the traditional heraldic interpretation it is a symbol of constancy and eternity. White color means peace, unity and openness. The lotus flower is an image of purity and spiritual rebirth. The lotus with nine petals symbolizes world peace: the five upper petals represent the continents, the four lower petals represent the cardinal points, symbolizing the desire of the peoples of the republic for friendship and cooperation with all the peoples of the world.
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The national flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is attached to a staff topped with a red tip in the shape of a "flame tongue". The official flag of Kalmykia was designed for the anniversary of the hundred-day rule of the President of the Republic, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, and adopted on July 30, 1993.
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Coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia - "Sylde". In the center of the emblem there is an image of an element of the national headdress - "ulan zala" (red tassel) and "khadak" (white scarf) in a circle of golden yellow framed by the national ornament "zeg" on a blue background, at the base of which are the petals of a white flower lotus. The author of the coat of arms is the artist Bata Badmaevich Erdniev.
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In the upper part of the emblem there is an image of “dorvn toolg”, an ancient symbol of the union of four Oirat tribes: four circles fastened together. These are the origins of the Kalmyk people. The most ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all the peoples inhabiting the four cardinal points. The basis of the coat of arms is a white lotus - a symbol of spiritual purity, rebirth and prosperity. The coat of arms is blue, yellow and white. Blue color means eternity, freedom and constancy. This is the favorite color of the steppe nomads. Yellow is the color of the religion of the people, it is the color of the skin and, finally, it is the personification that Kalmykia should always be sunny. The uhlan of the hall is crowned with a white khadak. White color means our peaceful views, friendly relations with all peoples living both in Kalmykia and beyond.
Description of the slide:
Lancers of the hall contains a symbolic load. For Buddhists, during prayer and meditation, according to the teachings of the Buddha, a thousand-leaf white lotus opens on the back of the head. When they pray, they fold the palms of both hands and lift them over their heads. At this moment, according to Buddhist teaching, the door of consciousness opens. Then the worshipers touch the chin, mouth and chest with their hands, thereby opening the doors of speech and soul. This ritual carries the purification of the mind, consciousness, speech and soul, as well as the knowledge of the truth. This ritual also implied that the consciousness of man was always open. Therefore, the wearing of a lancer hall (on the highest place - the head), symbolizing the sacred white lotus, was introduced.
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In my Republic, from generation to generation, people pass on the desire to live in peace and harmony, to respect the traditions and customs of all peoples. We children are the future of our country. And without the past, there is no future. Therefore, we try to study the history of our people, to know the symbols of Kalmykia and Russia. On a yellow cloth, against the background of a blue sky, a lotus with nine petals opened. The bright sun, blue sky are symbols of constancy and eternity. Lotus petals united into one whole Like the continents of the globe. May the peoples of all continents live in peace and harmony. Let there be no wars on earth and grief. Let the children laugh and the sun shine brightly. Let the birds sing and people from all over the planet be friends.
The official symbols of Kalmykia are distinguished by their elegant originality, beauty and uniqueness, in particular the republican flag. It is worth noting that the flag, like the Kalmyk coat of arms, is characterized by a non-overloaded symbolism and a restrained, not numerous color scheme. The severity of the pattern and its inherent harmony makes the flag unusual and memorable.
Image
The flag of the Republic of Kalmykia looks like this:
- The rectangular canvas is painted in a yellow-gold hue.
- In the center of the cloth is a blue circle depicting an open lotus flower.
- The lotus has nine petals, five on the top and four on the bottom.
The similarity of the symbols of Kalmykia
The symbols of the Republic of Kalmykia, and the flag, have a number of similar features, namely:
- Color spectrum. The presence of three primary colors - white, yellow and blue.
- Lotus flower. A white lotus flower in the central part of the cloth and its petals at the base of the coat of arms.
- The main geometric form of the Kalmyk symbolism is the circle. There is a circle on the flag - a flower is inscribed in it. The coat of arms emblem itself is also a circle. The circle is also used in other heraldic elements: in the sign of four circles of Derben-Oirat, which itself is placed in a circle.
- The sign of four circles and the "uhlan hall" on the coat of arms and on the tip of the staff, to which the banner is attached.
Story
The current flag is not the only one in the history of the republic.
1937 The Kalmyk ASSR received as a flag a red canvas with the abbreviation "RSFSR" and the name of the republic in two languages (Russian and Kalmyk), typed in gold letters and located in four lines one under the other in the upper left corner of the field.
In 1978, the Kalmyk Autonomous Region, and later the restored KASSR, existed under a changed flag. A vertical blue stripe appeared on the red field on the left, in the canton - a golden hammer and sickle with a star, below them - the names of the republic in two lines in two languages - Russian and Kalmyk.
To the modern image
Prior to the development of the modern version of the flag, the republic for nine months in 1992-1993 had a symbol of this type: a canvas divided into three stripes of blue, yellow, red colors. The middle stripe is twice as wide as the other two. On it, in the center in a circle drawn with red paint, is a hieroglyph sign. It consists of two horizontal wavy lines, complemented by a vertical image that looks like a flame of fire. In the old Kalmyk writing, this symbol was deciphered as the concepts of "beginning" and "man". This sign was also deciphered as "Kalmyk". The creator of this flag is P.Ts. Bitkeev. It was based on the flag of the Don Cossacks.
Symbolism and color scheme
The central symbol of the flag is the lotus flower. On the canvas, he is depicted in a circle painted in blue. The lotus itself is depicted as blossoming, it has nine petals, divided into lower and upper ones. The lower ones are 4, the upper ones are 5. The first ones indicate the cardinal points, and the last ones - the continents of the Earth.
The lotus is often used in Buddhist symbolism as a synonym for purity of thoughts, the desire for well-being and prosperity. However, in this case, it primarily plays the role of a unifying symbol, denoting the peaceful coexistence and friendship of the peoples of the whole world. It is no coincidence that the flower itself is enclosed in a geometric figure devoid of corners - a circle. This is also symbolic, because the circle represents unity.
Color solution
The color palette is also symbolic:
- The predominant yellow color on the canvas is associated with the religion of the Kalmyks - Buddhism, with the reverence of the ancestors of the Kalmyks of the sun. Yellow here also denotes strength and greatness.
- Blue is the color of water and sky, it symbolizes immutability and constancy, and is also traditionally considered a symbol of eternity.
- Lotus petals and the flower itself are painted white. White color has always been associated with such concepts as light, harmony, purity, peace, mutual respect, openness, truthfulness, nobility. The image of a flower in full bloom only emphasizes the symbolic meaning of the color.
The colors of the flag are few and harmonious. It is limited to only three shades that are perfectly combined with each other, although they belong to different color categories, namely: yellow is considered warm tones, blue is cool, and white is neutral.
- The flag of Kalmykia is registered in the State Heraldic Register of Russia following the coat of arms at number 151.
- Kalmyk emigrants had their own symbol of the 1932 model, similar to the modern flag of the republic. On its yellow field, in the center is a blue circle, inside which is a flying eagle, and along the perimeter of the circle are nine yak tails.
- The geometric ratio of the width of the panel to its length is 1:2, and the ratio of the radius of the circle on it to the width of the field is 1:3.5.
- The flag was designed for the hundred-day anniversary of the presidency of Kirsan Nikolaevich Ilyumzhinov (1993-2010).
- The Kalmyk flag has a name - "Khalmg Tangchin tug", which means "flag of the Kalmyk people".
The flag of Kalmykia, in its composition and meaning of the elements used, carries a creative peaceful meaning. The identity of the symbolism of the flag and coat of arms emphasizes the unity of the national ideology of the Kalmyks, aimed at peaceful coexistence with all the peoples of the world.
Description
"Ulan zalata halmg" is the local name of the republican flag of Kalmykia, which is a horizontally stretched yellow panel with a round emblem in the center of the flag. On a round blue background, a white lotus flower with nine petals is depicted. The full size flag of the Republic is mounted on a pole with a specially shaped red tip.
Symbolism
The yellow (golden) background color of the cloth symbolizes the sun and Buddhism as the main religion of the Kalmyks. The blue color represents the sky, and in the traditional heraldic interpretation it is a symbol of constancy and eternity. White color means peace, unity and openness. The lotus flower is an image of purity and spiritual rebirth. A lotus with nine petals symbolizes world peace: the five upper petals represent the continents, the four lower petals represent the cardinal points.
Story
The official flag of Kalmykia was designed for the anniversary of the hundred-day rule of the President of the Republic, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, and adopted on July 30, 1993. This year the republican flag of Kalmykia celebrated its twentieth anniversary.
