The writer Soloukhin accused the writer Gaidar of executing dozens of Khakasses, of drowning, and even that his fighters were feasting on the bodies of people who were about to be executed.
Undoubtedly, red banditry existed during the Civil War, and wealthy neighbors in the village, the intelligentsia, became its victims. Under the threat of reprisals, the Reds expropriated food, money from local horses. There were drunkenness and fights. On November 7, 1920, in the Kansk district, the communists shot 42 "counter-revolutionaries" - workers of cooperatives and local intelligentsia. On January 14, 1921, in Novoselovo, policemen killed R. Fangor, an authorized regional food committee, and the family of priest Popov with their children. The bodies were thrown into the hole. In October 1920, soldiers of the Red Army shot dead six employees of the district food committee near Minusinsk. In Kansk, 20 people were killed: peasants, employees of the cooperative, a priest, an agronomist and even a teacher. This continued until 1930 and caused a response from the population.
But Golikov had nothing to do with these murders. According to archival documents cited by historian Alexander Sheksheev, he was in Khakassia from February to September 1922. On March 29, he took command, but already on June 10 he was removed from his post due to "traumatic neurosis" and sent to the ChON headquarters. November 18, he went on vacation.
All this time, Golikov was chasing bandits through the taiga. According to the reports of the commission that checked his activities, the young commander "shot at the squirrels" more. There was no efficiency in his actions, and often no sense. To the remarks of his comrades, he threatened with arrest and execution. No, he was not an angel: it is known that in June 1922, the commander, the young commander, shot the captured bandits, and ordered the bodies to be thrown into the water. A case was even opened against him in the GPU.
With the advent of the seventeen-year-old battalion commander, cases of cruelty, theft and robbery became more frequent among the ChON. Two locals were shot "for links with bandits." The secretary of the village council, Sulekov, was wounded by Arkady during his escape and disappeared in the river. Only in May 1922, Arkady personally took part in the execution of five locals.
After investigating his activities, the GPU battalion commander Golikov was removed from his post. For two years he was banned from holding leadership positions. They gave me a year to restore the nervous system. But Golikov did not want to lead.
Beginning in 1922, he was in hospital at least ten times, suffered from depression and hard drinking. Even "Malchish-Kibalchish" was written in the Khabarovsk hospital.
But he began to write. In 1925, the story "R.V.S." was published. Then “School”, “The Fourth Dugout”, “Far Countries”, “Military Secret”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, “Timur and His Team”, “Hot Stone” were written ...
So Golikov became Gaidar. He was never happy and admitted that he constantly thinks about the people he killed in his youth. Until his death, he remained restless, having no corner, wandering through the houses of creativity, pioneer camps and apartments of friends.
After the start of the war with the Germans, he asked to go to the front. They didn't take it. I had to go to the military. In the German rear, he showed himself to be a hero - he took out the battalion commander Prudnikov from the battle, organized resistance, thanks to him, more than three hundred fighters left the encirclement.
In the fall of 1941, Komsomolskaya Pravda military commander Arkady Gaidar was surrounded and died, covering the retreat of his comrades behind an easel machine gun. He was awarded two orders: the Badge of Honor and the Order of the Patriotic War of the First Class.
He was not good or bad, he was a son of his time, a teenager who found himself in the inhuman conditions of the Civil War. He was also a conscientious person, capable of repentance, and an excellent, talented writer, becoming the founder of children's literature in our country.
Original taken from d_v_sokolov in Arkady Gaidar: "I dreamed of people killed by me in my youth"
Arkady Gaidar was distinguished by cruelty, unjustified even in the harsh conditions of the Civil War.
At the age of 17, Arkady became, speaking in a modern way, a regiment commander, a colonel.
In Khakassia, he fought ataman Solovyov.
Ataman Golikov was never caught. But he left bad memories of himself.
There are many versions about the origin of the literary pseudonym Gaidar. There is also this: when a detachment of a young commander left the village, then the oncoming ones threw: “Khaidar Golikov.” One of the biographers interpreted the translation of this word from Mongolian as follows: "Gaidar is a rider galloping ahead."
But, as the researchers have established, neither in Mongolian, nor in two dozen other oriental languages, there is simply no such meaning of the word "gaidar".
It turns out that in the Khakass language "haydar" means "where, in which direction?" That is, when the Khakass saw that the head of the combat area for combating banditry was going somewhere at the head of the detachment, they asked each other: “Khaidar Golikov? Where is Golikov going? Which way?" to warn others of the coming danger.
And the danger was very real. As local residents recalled, the temper of Arkady Golikov was close to insanity.
He spared neither the elderly, nor women, nor children from the civilian population, who supported Ataman Solovyov (by the way, also a local resident).
The writer Vladimir Soloukhin cited the story of the Khakass Mikhail Kilchakov about how Gaidar put hostages in a bathhouse and set them the condition that if they did not tell him where the bandits were hiding by morning, they would be shot. And they just didn't know.
And in the morning, young Arkady Petrovich began to let them out of the bath one by one and personally shot each in the back of the head.
There is a known case when, despite the order to deliver the prisoners to the headquarters for interrogation, Arkady Petrovich shot them because he did not want to give people for the convoy.
For failure to comply with this order, he was punished and a criminal case was opened. Even the commander of the special purpose unit of the province was forced to admit: "Golikov is an unbalanced boy who, using his official position, has committed a number of crimes." But the trial never took place. The distraught officer was removed from his post, expelled from the party and sent for examination to psychiatrists.
There is a version according to which Stalin knew about the Gaidar case. To the request for reinstatement in the party, the Kremlin boss succinctly retorted: “Maybe we would have forgiven him. But will the Khakass forgive?..”
"Malchish - Kibalchish" comes from a psychiatric hospital
Golikov was simply discharged from the army with a diagnosis of traumatic neurosis.
Judging by the diaries, the children's writer was tormented by something that he denoted by the words "anxiety", "conscience", "guilt", "disease". In these diaries one can read: "I dream of the people I killed in my youth in the war."
Journalist Boris Zaks, who knew Gaidar closely, reports in his Notes of an Eyewitness: “Gaidar cut himself. The blade of a safety razor. One blade was taken away from him, but as soon as he turned away, he was already cut with another. Asked to go to the restroom, locked himself, did not answer. They broke the door, and he cuts again, wherever he got the blade. They took him away in an unconscious state, all the floors in the apartment were covered with blood coagulated into large clots ... I thought he would not survive ...
At the same time, it did not look like he was trying to commit suicide, he did not try to inflict a mortal wound on himself, he simply arranged a kind of "shahsei-vakhsei". Later, already in Moscow, I happened to see him in shorts. The entire chest and arms below the shoulders were completely - one to one - covered with huge scars. It was clear that he cut himself more than once ... "
This was combined with heavy drinking. Perhaps Arkady Petrovich was trying to cure himself with vodka from the inner anxiety that overwhelmed him. But the vodka didn't help. I ended up in mental hospitals more than once, sometimes for a long time.
When the Great Patriotic War began, Arkady Gaidar asked to go to the front. But he was denied due to illness. Then he went to the trick: he took a business trip to Komsomolskaya Pravda and already on July 20, less than a month after the start of the war, he left for Kyiv as a front-line correspondent.
Alexander ALEKSEEV
Business People, No. 54, November 2004. - p.12
(given in abbreviation)
The nineties are the time of Gaidar the Oprichnik, Gaidar the Punisher. Not the old god of the red Olympus, not a good-eyed leader playing the pioneers on a sopilka - a young battalion commander on a bloody hot stallion appeared to the dumbfounded fellow citizens: Gaidar rushes through the forests of Tambov, the mountains of Khakassia, disastrous, like the rider of the Apocalypse. Khakass bones crunch under their hooves, White Guard heads fly, blond peasant children fall with dissected faces, the battalion commander laughs loudly, bares his red mouth. And so furious that even the Chekists themselves could not stand it, drove him away: - Go, - they say, - Gaidar the executioner, to Moscow, and get a good heal ...
And then he did not calm down, Gaidar. In the evenings, when mortal longing for blood rolled over, he cut himself with a razor, a maniac writer ...
A new Gaidar study - "psychiatric" - was formed in the early nineties. The famous “diary” phrase can serve as an epigraph to it: “ I dreamed of people killed by me in childhood ...».
This excellent (no kidding, strong line!) " people dreamed» There is no original source. That is, there is no such mossy common notebook, a yellowed piece of paper, where Gaidar himself would write down this confession. The dreamed dead live exclusively in the research space of the "new Gaidar studies". A dead detachment without a clan-tribe marches in formation from article to article. Each new text refers to the former citation - mutual responsibility. Petrov says: “I read about it from Ivanov. If you squeeze Ivanov, he points at Sidorov, and Sidorov refers to Petrov.
All other “truth” about Gaidar exists in the same mode. And she is terrible: the red Billy Kid, who ruined - H. L. Borges will not let you lie - more than one thousand people, not counting the Khakass.
At least the writer Vladimir Soloukhin, the author of the pseudo-documentary novel "Salt Lake", is counting in the thousands. Soloukhinskaya truth is strong in artistry and detail. What is worth one Khakassian grandmother from the memoirs of a cultural figure G. Topanov, an old woman carefully collecting her son’s brains in a wooden bowl after the young psychopath Gaidar smashed his head with a Mauser ...
If there weren’t this de-re-vya-i-i-nn-oh (glass or tin) bowl with brains - then one could doubt it, because the eyewitness of the villainy Topanov (perhaps the only named witness in the "Lake") in that moment was five years old, but he remembered that a commander in a hat fired from a Mauser. And since only Arkady Gaidar wore a hat for the whole country of the Soviets, you yourself understand ...
In a good way, the ill-fated hat as a sign of a killer is a little more significant than, say, pants. The killer was wearing pants. And Gaidar wore pants.
But one bowl of brains is not enough. No scale. Two thousand white officers who surrendered, ordered to cut them with sabers. Soaked - both literally and figuratively, and in Putin's sense - local residents in the lake of God: since then, there has been a taboo on fish that has eaten on human flesh. Seventy-six people - children and old women inclusive - personally shot from a machine gun: put in a line and mowed down. (The number 76 is another detail that works for reliability. Here are a hundred people - this is doubtful, and 76 seems to be reliable. But personally, I would write - 73. This is more optimal. Or 69. You can also 81).
There is even a quote from Stalin himself (here Soloukhin honestly says - “the quote is attributed to Stalin”), who seemed to say, marveling at the deeds of the bloody youth: “We will forgive him, but will the Khakass forgive him?”. One gets the impression that in 1922 the bestial antics of Chonovist Arkady Golikov received an all-Russian response. A petty demon asked for forgiveness, and the Devil with an eye to forgive sins...
But in 1922, Stalin, who had just taken the then still relatively modest post of general secretary of the RCPb, was not authorized to punish or pardon the cruel battalion commander from the Yenisei province and utter historical phrases.
There is one serious problem with the "truth" about Gaidar. There is not a single document that testifies to the felling of relic officers, machine-gun amusements and the battle on the ice on the lake of God ... For a serious study, the lack of materials is a problem.
To this, the new guides had a verified answer - the documents of that terrible time simply did not survive. Therefore, the atrocities had to be reconstructed on their own - to their taste.
Why didn't the documents survive? Here they are in the archive. Every sneeze Gaidar recorded. Where he went, what he ordered - all Gaidar, at a glance. He really was under the hood of the GPU. There were denunciations, he was checked, interrogated. And during the entire investigation, the eighteen-year-old battalion commander did not receive a single complaint from the local population, and they probably would not have missed the opportunity to draw up a paper and get even with the killer.
Gaidar, of course, is raging. But only in the virtual space of psychiatric guide studies. Caught in slander, it gets out with Jesuit dexterity.
He asks, looking into his eyes: - Was it a terrible time?
Answer: Not easy...
Is the civil war fratricidal blah blah blah?
Gently agree: - Blah blah blah ...
- Did Gaidar cut himself with a razor?
There is nothing to cover: - It was the case, cut. But this is...
Relieved: - Well, you say that Gaidar did not kill. Killed like a little. He is cho-but-vetz!
And how can one not cite a characteristic paragraph from "The Fate of a Drummer"?
« “Yurka,” I objected, “I didn’t eat any popsicle. It was you who ate, and I went straight in the dark and sat down in my place.
- Here you go! Yurka winced. - I bought six of them. I was sitting on the edge. I took one for myself, I gave the other five to you. I remember very well: just Charlie Chaplin flies into the water, everyone yells, cackles, and I thrust ice cream into you ... Do you remember how Charlie Chaplin flies into the water?
- Do you remember, as soon as he got out, the rope pulled - and he was back in the water?
- I remember that too.
- You see now! You remember everything yourself, but you say: you didn’t eat. Not good, brother! »
The only witnessed martyrs who died from Gaidar's machine gun are the civilized German National Socialists who visited the USSR in 1941 on a liberation mission. Covering the retreat of the partisan detachment in the forest near Kanev, Gaidar laid down dozens of them. Gaidar fired, Lieutenant M. Tonkovid was the second number - he served ribbons. Their machine-gun crew delayed and threw back a detachment of two hundred.
For such a feat, a fighter usually received an order - at the beginning of the war, the Red Star. At the end, when the awards were more readily lavished, the "Red Banner" or the Order of Glory. But this is not just one episode of Gaidar's short partisan period. Prior to that, he helped bring the regiment out of encirclement. He distinguished himself in the battles near Kyiv: he carried out the battalion commander I.N. went with the fighters on reconnaissance, took the "language" - another order or medal "For Courage" ...
Taken together, in one month (from September 18, when he remained in Kyiv, until October 26, the day of his death), the writer worked in excess for the star of the Hero of the Soviet Union ...
Lieutenant Tonkovid survived the war. Both Colonel Orlov and the battalion commander Prudnikov survived. Lieutenants Sergei Abramov and Vasily Skrypnik (it was Gaidar who saved them on the railway embankment with his shout: “Guys, Germans!”) also went through the entire war. All of them were with Gaidar in the partisan detachment near Kanev. The real witnesses of his heroic service are not the mythical Soloukhin grandmother with a signature dish: her son's brains in a wooden bowl.
And Gaidar received the only military award already in 1963 - the posthumous Order of the Patriotic War, I degree. Here the Soviet Motherland showed unexpected stinginess in relation to the deceased hero.
The Frenchman Exupery, a pilot-writer, a specialist in "those whom he tamed" - went to the front, flew over the ocean and did not return. He died and became a world celebrity. Great romantic image.
But by God, in comparison with our Arkady Petrovich, the French pilot is more like a character in a joke, the heroic Mitka, who, saving a lady, jumps overboard the liner - "and immediately drowns."
From the collection "The Black Book of Names That Have No Place on the Map of Russia." /Comp. S. V. Volkov. - M., 2008 - p. 28-30.
"Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (real name - Golikov; 1904-1941) was the son of a teacher from peasants and a noblewoman. His parents participated in the revolutionary unrest of 1905 and, fearing arrest, left for provincial Arzamas. There, the future children's writer studied at a real school and first published his poems in the local newspaper Molot.
In 1919, he joined the Red Army and the RCP (b), became an assistant commander of a detachment of red partisans operating in the Arzamas region. Hiding his age, he studied at command courses in Moscow and Kyiv, then commanded a company of red cadets. Fought on the Polish and Caucasian front. In 1921, as commander of the reserve Voronezh regiment, he sent marching companies to suppress the Kronstadt uprising. In the summer of the same year, commanding the 58th separate regiment, he participated in the suppression of the Tambov peasant uprising. Golikov himself explained such a high appointment for the age of seventeen by the fact that "many of the highest command personnel were arrested for their connection with gangs," that is, with the rebels.
After the destruction of the recalcitrant peasants, Gaidar continued to serve in the special punitive units (CHON) - first in the Tamyan-Katai region in Bashkiria, then in Khakassia. Here, the 2nd "boerion" turned out to be in his area of responsibility, which includes six current districts in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. He was ordered to destroy the detachment of the "emperor of the taiga" I. N. Solovyov, which consisted of local peasants and Kolchak officers. Unable to cope with this task, Gaidar attacked the local population, which did not support the Bolsheviks. People without trial and investigation were shot, chopped with swords, thrown into wells, sparing neither the elderly nor the children. The main object of the young commissar's bloody hunt was the Khakass. In one of the Khakassian villages, according to the stories of local residents, he personally shot more than a hundred people lined up at the edge of a cliff with shots in the back of the head. In another village, taking hostages, he put them in a bathhouse, threatening that he would shoot everyone if they did not say in the morning "where the bandits are hiding." And in the morning he fulfilled this threat: again with shots in the back of the head. To hunt down the elusive Solovyov, Gaidar recruited agents from the local population, paying for information with scarce manufactory. Local Soviet leaders constantly complained about Gaidar. For example, in a letter from the volost executive committee, sent by courier from the village of Kurbatova to Achinsk, it says: “The detachment that arrived immediately set in motion the whips, which, according to our thoughts, should exist in the realm of legends ... and not appear now under Soviet rule."
The end of Gaidar's atrocities came only after he, despite the order from his superiors to deliver the prisoners to the headquarters for interrogation, personally shot them, not wanting to single out people for the convoy. The commander of the ChON of the province, V. Kakoulin, was forced to admit: “Golikov, by ideology, is an unbalanced boy who, using his official position, has committed a number of crimes.” Gaidar was summoned to Krasnoyarsk for an explanation; he was expelled from the party, removed from his post and sent for a psychiatric examination. The council found "exhaustion of the nervous system in severe form due to overwork and former shell shock, with functional disorder and arrhythmia of cardiac activity" (from a letter from Gaidar to his sister Natasha on January 17, 1923). After undergoing treatment in Krasnoyarsk, Tomsk and Moscow, Gaidar goes first on a six-month, and then on an indefinite leave "with maintenance."
In 1925, he wrote his first story "In the days of defeats and victories." The editor advised the young author to start a peaceful life, and he left to work as a correspondent, first in the Donbass, and then in the Urals. Gaidar worked for local newspapers; in Perm, he married a seventeen-year-old Komsomol member Leah Lazarevna Solomyanskaya, adopting her son Timur. After the publication of the story "R.V.S." recognition came to Gaidar, and the family moved to Moscow. But in 1931, his wife and son left him. The reason for leaving was the writer's alcoholism.
Gaidar was bored, could not work, and left for Khabarovsk as a correspondent for the Pacific Star newspaper. Boris Zaks, who knew him at that time, wrote: “In my long life I had to deal with many alcoholics - drunken, chronic and others. Gaidar was different, he was often “ready” even before the first glass.” And one more thing: “Gaidar cut himself. The blade of a safety razor. One blade was taken away from him, but as soon as he turned away, he was already cut with another. Asked to go to the restroom, locked himself, did not answer. They broke the door, and he cut himself again. They took him away in an unconscious state ... At the same time, it did not look like he was trying to commit suicide; he did not attempt to inflict a mortal wound on himself."
Mental illness (manic-depressive psychosis on the background of chronic alcoholism) did not prevent Gaidar from creating works that put him in the forefront of Soviet children's writers. But the resounding success did not relieve him of the burden of the crimes once committed. “I dream about the people I killed in my youth in the war,” he wrote in his diary. Constant drinking interfered with normal work.
With the beginning of a new war, Gaidar asked to go to the front. When in October 1941 the partisans of the detachment in which he was a war correspondent ran into the Germans, Gaidar jumped up to his full height and shouted to his comrades: “Forward! Behind me!" It was a suicide-like death. Other partisans escaped.
The name of Gaidar is very often carried by children's institutions: schools, libraries, orphanages.
"On June 3, 1922, a special department of the provincial department of the GPU opened case No. 274. Arkady Golikov was accused of abuse of office. After the special commission was held, its chief demanded execution for the punitive commander. In November 1924, Gaidar was fired with a severance pay for diseases from the Red Army. Apparently, reports were constantly sent to him, and the leadership decided what to do with the uncontrollable commander, because shortly before his dismissal, a telegram arrived from the headquarters of the ChON troops: "To the commander of the 6th consolidated detachment. I inform the resolution of the KomCHONguba about Golikov:" Arrest No way. Recall. Kakoulin." Arkady Golikov was expelled from the party, removed from his post, and he was sent for a psychiatric examination.
After that, Gaidar often found himself in a hospital bed in psychiatric hospitals. From the diary of A. Gaidar. Khabarovsk. August 20, 1931, mental hospital: “I really want to shout: “Go to hell!” But you hold back. During my life I have been in hospitals, probably 8 or 10 times - and yet this is the only time when I will remember this Khabarovsk hospital, the worst of hospitals, without anger, because the story about "Malchish-Kibalchish" will be unexpectedly written here. (...)
February 14, 1941, from a letter to the writer R. Fraerman: “A habit has formed to lie from beginning to end, and I have a stubborn and hard fight against this habit, but I can’t defeat it ... Sometimes I walk very close to the truth , sometimes just about - and, cheerful, simple, she is ready to break off the tongue, but as if some voice sharply warns me: beware! Do not say! And then you'll be lost! And immediately you imperceptibly turn off, whirl ... and for a long time then ripples in your own eyes - ek, they say, where have you, the scoundrel, stopped by! .. "
Arkady Gaidar wrote the most terrible lines half-delirious, during another protracted depression: “I dreamed of people killed by me in childhood ...” He wanted to be heard, to be forgiven. Most likely, he repented all his life of the "sins of youth." http://www.aif.ru/culture/article/46828
: Following in the footsteps of his grandfather, Yegor Gaidar carried out his "reforms", completely ignoring the grief and tears of millions of people destitute of his inhuman policy"A friend of children with kind eyes" and the ancestor of the famous family Arkady Gaidar appears from the pages of Soloukhin's book "Salt Lake
"As one of the most terrible executioners of the times of the" Red Terror ".
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The person of Arkady Gaidar (Golikov) is still one of the most mysterious myths of the Soviet period for most Russian citizens. Not only for the older generation, but also for today's youth, he remains a wonderful children's writer, the creator of works of great educational value. And the activities of Golikov-Gaidar during the years of the Civil War are painted in romantic tones for many - they say, he joined the Red Army at the call of his heart at the age of 14 and fought for a well-known idea ardently and disinterestedly.
The fact that Arkady Gaidar was not all right with his head was the first to write widely and openly the historian and literary critic Mikhail Zolotonosov in the Moscow News newspaper (01/23/2004). He reported that Gaidar ended his turbulent "revolutionary activity", commanding the 58th separate regiment, famous for unheard-of cruelty in the suppression of a peasant uprising in the Tambov province, and then fighting at the head of special forces with a detachment of the "white partisan" Ivan Solovyov in Khakassia. “Here he manifests a traumatic neurosis, and as a result, in December 1924, Golikov leaves the army and switches to literature,” notes Zolotonosov.
Analyzing Gaidar's "strange-looking prose", the literary critic notes that the ancestor of the famous family "responded to all the ideological demands of the era", and in his writings "ideological zombies are diluted not only with pathos, but also with a thick layer of sentimentalism." At the same time, Gaidar did not disdain plagiarism. Zolotonosov rightly draws attention to the fact that the death of the boy Alka, who was killed by a stone thrown by a drunken bandit (“Military Secret”), is practically written off from the scene of the death of Ilyusha Snegiryov from The Brothers Karamazov.
The article in Moskovskie Novosti also talks about Soloukhin's story "Salt Lake" (first publication - "Our Contemporary", 4, 1994), which, according to Zolotonosov, is dedicated not only to the activities of Gaidar-Golikov in Khakassia, but also to the personality of Arkady Gaidar in general.
The author reports that in Soloukhin's book "there is a lot of evidence about the atrocities of the Chonovites in general and Golikov-Gaidar in particular." And that Yegor Gaidar, the author of the inhumane and essentially criminal “liberal reforms”, owes his last name to the Khakass word “Khaidar”, which means “Where to go?”. Wildly shouting this word, Yegor's grandfather and Maria Gaidarov's great-grandfather rushed all over little Khakassia, chasing Solovyov's partisans. And the Khakass, hearing these cries, scattered in different directions, screaming in horror: “Save yourself! Khaidar-Golik is coming! Our death is coming!"
On June 14, 2004, on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of Vladimir Soloukhin, Komsomolskaya Pravda, where Arkady Gaidar was once listed, published a long interview from the writer's archive. In it, Soloukhin draws an interesting parallel between Yegor Gaidar and his grandfather: “Stalin took power from them (the internationalists), pulled Russia out of their hands. And they can never forgive him for that. They themselves do not exist. But new generations have risen. And they will try to take revenge, to return the positions that their fathers and grandfathers occupied. Here is a concrete example. Arkady Gaidar was a punisher, a Chonovite who shot peasants in Khakassia (I wrote the story “Salt Lake” about this). And the grandson almost got into the premiere. I would take the post of Stolypin. From Stolypin to Gaidar! Can you imagine?
The author of these lines happened to do the last interview with V. A. Soloukhin, which was published in Rossiyskaya Gazeta in February 1997. During our meeting with the writer in Peredelkino, he, striking me with his conviction that after the war, Stalin was gradually preparing to proclaim himself Russian emperor, also touched upon the theme of his story “Salt Lake”.
Soloukhin complained that very influential forces from the environment of Gaidar and Chubais were doing their best to prevent the release of "Salt Lake" in the form of a separate book and a decent circulation. According to the writer, this is due to the fact that he managed to show Arkady Gaidar not only as a bloody executioner, but also as a mentally ill person, whose pathological cruelty could be inherited by descendants.
Indeed, the facts given in the "Salt Lake" are amazing. While working on the book, Soloukhin got acquainted with unique documents miraculously preserved in the archives of Abakan and Achinsk, and also met with the old-timers of Khakassia. Since Arkady Gaidar's apologists demanded from Soloukhin "documentation of the actions of Golikov-Chonov" in "Salt Lake" there is a lot of information gleaned from the Khakass media. Thus, fragments of the translation of the radio program "Achban Saltachy", aired in Abakan on October 20, 1993, are given. In it, the old-timers of the republic tell terrible things about Arkady Gaidar. So, E. G. Samozhikov testified how his grandfather Yegor Gaidar, mistaking Solovyov for a liaison detachment, hacked his relative, a 12-year-old boy, in a fit of hysteria with a saber.
The well-known Khakassian writer and veteran respected in the republic, Georgy Fyodorovich Topanov, then said: “He not only did not like small, but also old people, he killed. Chopped and ordered to throw into the water, the blood was always red in the lake. And A. N. Mokhov from the Mokhov ulus on Uibat said: “A Russian soldier spent the night with them. In the morning Golikov came in, saw him, said "traitor". And he shot the mother and the soldier with a revolver.
And here is what I. V. Argudaev from the Ot-Kol ulus said: “Golikov had an order, I know from my mother, if even one in the family sympathized with the white partisan Solovyov, then Gaidar-Golikov slaughtered his entire family. For example, Big Lake… Every day in those days Gaidar-Golikov's people shoved the living into the hole. We Khakass still do not catch fish in the lake. They say that on human meat fat worked up. Golikov Khakass of the Sharypovsky district, Uzhursky district slaughtered everyone, even now they don’t live there anymore.”
The article “Roads of life. Gaidar-Khaidar? (two faces of one person), published in the newspaper Lenin Choly on February 12, 1991 and practically unknown to the Russian-speaking reader. When, at the request of Soloukhin, she was transferred, the writer did not learn anything fundamentally new after what local old-timer Mikhail Kilchichakov told him about the fate of 16 hostages who were kept by Golikov’s Chonovites in a cold bath all night on suspicion of supporting Solovyov’s partisans: “In the morning, Golikov let them out on one and shot him in the back of the head. Or as he announced to one village: "If you don't tell me where Solovyov is hiding, I will shoot the whole village." And indeed, he lined up everyone, and women, and old people, and children, in one line, and skewed everyone with a machine gun. According to one version, 86 people, according to another - 134.
Realizing that, due to objective reasons, it was not possible to legally document the atrocities of Arkady Gaidar in those troubled years, Soloukhin cites striking evidence of the mental problems of the Soviet legend, which manifested themselves already in peaceful, literary and journalistic life. In particular, Soloukhin refers to the works of Boris Kamov, who studied the diaries of Arkady Gaidar. In them, he noted the dreams that tormented him in the 30s as “Dreams according to scheme No. 1” or “Dreams according to scheme No. 2”. And in these records there is a phrase: "I dreamed of people killed by me in childhood." If we recall that Golikov-Gaidar has been engaged in "revolutionary activities" since the age of 14, this recognition is more than remarkable.
In 1988, the fifth edition of the almanac "The Past" published by the Parisian publishing house "Atenium" published the memoirs of the writer and journalist Boris Zaks, who was a close friend of Arkady Gaidar for a long time. Zaks comments on Gaidar's well-known letter to the writer R. Fraerman, which the apologists for the creator of "Timur and his team" like to portray as a kind of protest against the atmosphere of lies and fear during the period of Stalin's repressions. In it, Gaidar informs a friend: “Why did I mess up like that? A habit has formed to lie from beginning to end, and the fight against this habit is stubborn and difficult for me.
So, Zaks points out that the publishers of Gaidar's letter do not mention that Arkady wrote it from a psychiatric clinic. According to N. Stakhov, Gaidar suffered from a severe nervous breakdown since the Civil War. “But what is behind this, Stakhov does not disclose,” Boris Zaks notes, “But we are talking about a real mental illness that regularly brought Gaidar to medical institutions. Not so long he stayed in the Far East (he worked in a Khabarovsk newspaper), but during this time he was twice in a psychiatrist.
“I have had to deal with many alcoholics in my long life - drunken, chronic and others,” Zaks writes further. - Gaidar was different, he was often “ready” even before the first glass. He told me that the doctors who examined him in detail made the following conclusion: alcohol is only the key that opens the door to the forces already raging inside.
The same Zaks in "Notes of an Eyewitness" reported that Arkady Gaidar more than once inflicted serious, but deliberately non-fatal wounds on himself with a safety razor: "Gaidar cut himself. The blade of a safety razor. One blade was taken away from him, but as soon as he turned away, he was already cut with another ... Later, already in Moscow, I happened to see him in his shorts. The entire chest and arms below the shoulders were completely covered with huge scars.
Zaks is sure that Arkady Gaidar did not seek to commit suicide. According to a friend of Golikov-Gaidar, the creator of Chuk and Gek, the smell of blood was arousing, and in a peaceful life he had to be content with his own.
Thus, from the book-study of Vladimir Soloukhin and the memoirs of Boris Zaks, a completely different image of Arkady Gaidar arises than the one that many are accustomed to - the image of a man who from childhood had an indomitable thirst for murder and bullying people, who suffered from chronic alcoholism and severe nervous disorders . And those who, due to historical circumstances, have received the opportunity to satisfy their pathological and terrible desires.
In this regard, one involuntarily recalls a well-known trend in criminal psychology associated with the name of the famous Italian psychologist of the late 19th century, Caesar Lombroso. Its representatives believe that criminal pathology in the psyche can be inherited, and manifest itself not so much in the first as in the second and subsequent generations.
Is it not the influence of the above-described "strangeness" of Arkady Gaidar that explains the fact that his grandson Yegor Gaidar carried out his "reforms", completely ignoring the grief and tears of millions of people destitute of his inhuman policy? And that the great-granddaughter of the creator of the "Blue Cup" Maria Gaidar has publicly said more than once that she is not at all ashamed of any act of her "illustrious" great-grandfather? It seems that there is something to discuss here, and not only for specialists in the field of cultural studies and transpersonal psychology.
