Characteristics of Ranevskaya from "The Cherry Orchard": the contradictory nature of the heroine. Description of the image of Ranevskaya in the play "The Cherry Orchard" The image of Ranevskaya briefly

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Characteristics of the hero Ranevskaya

This heroine is accustomed to luxury, and does not know how to deny herself anything. Even when it comes to saving her childhood home, she can't go against her lifestyle. The newly minted merchant Lopakhin offers her to set up summer cottages on the site of the garden and rent them out in order to pay off debts on the estate. Thus, she will be able to save her father's house. But she and her brother Gaev oppose the idea. They consider renting summer cottages to be vulgar, and they don’t want to cut down the cherry orchard either. This garden is dear to her not only for childhood memories, but as a symbol of the motherland and nobility.

To the last, she does not believe that they can deprive her of the cherry orchard, she still hopes for the help of her relatives. Sometimes it seems to her that everything will work out by itself. However, fate decrees otherwise. During the auction, Lopakhin himself buys their estate with a garden. Now nothing keeps her at home, and heartbroken, she returns to Paris. The character of Ranevskaya absorbed the features of the true Russian nobility, which was primarily characterized by tribal traditions.

Composition

A.P. Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" is one of his best works. The action of the play takes place on the estate of the landowner Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya, on an estate with a cherry orchard surrounded by poplars, with a long alley that "goes straight, straight, like an outstretched belt" and "glistens on moonlit nights." This garden is going to be sold because of the numerous debts of L. A. Ranevskaya. She does not want to agree that the garden should be sold for summer cottages.

Ranevskaya, devastated by love, returns to her estate in the spring. In the cherry orchard doomed to bidding - "white masses of flowers", starlings sing, above the garden - blue sky. Nature is preparing for renewal - hopes for a new, pure life awaken in the soul of Ranevskaya: “All, all white! O my garden! After a dark, rainy autumn and a cold winter, you are young again, full of happiness, the angels of heaven will not leave you ... If only I could remove a heavy stone from my chest and shoulders, if I could forget my past! And for the merchant Lopakhin, the cherry orchard means something more than an object of a profitable commercial deal. Having become the owner of a garden and a manor, he experiences an enthusiastic state ... He bought an estate, which is more beautiful than anything in the world!

Ranevskaya is impractical, selfish, she is petty and went in her love interest, but she is also kind, sympathetic, her sense of beauty does not fade. Lopakhin sincerely wants to help Ranevskaya, expresses genuine sympathy for her, shares her passion for the beauty of the cherry orchard. The role of Lopakhin is central - he is a gentle person.

It was not given to Ranevskaya to save the garden from destruction, and not because she was unable to turn the cherry orchard into a commercial, profitable one, as it was 40-50 years ago: “... It used to be that dried cherries were carted and sent to Moscow and Kharkov . There was money!

When they only talk about the possibility of a sale, Ranevskaya "tearing the telegram without reading it" when the buyer is already called - Ranevskaya, before breaking the telegram, reads it, and that's when the auction took place - Ranevskaya does not tear the telegrams and, accidentally dropping one of them, confesses her decision to go to Paris to the man who robbed and abandoned her, confesses her love for this man. In Paris, she is going to live on the money that Anina's grandmother sent to buy the estate. Ranevskaya turned out to be below the idea of ​​a cherry orchard, she betrays her.

The comedy "The Cherry Orchard" is considered Chekhov's top work. The play reflects such a socio-historical phenomenon of the country as the degradation of the "nest of the nobility", the moral impoverishment of the nobility, the development of feudal relations into capitalist ones, and after this - the emergence of a new, ruling class of the bourgeoisie. The theme of the play is the fate of the motherland, its future. "The whole of Russia is our garden." The past, present and future of Russia, as it were, rises from the pages of the play "The Cherry Orchard". The representative of the present in Chekhov's comedy is Lopakhin, the past - Ranevskaya and Gaev, the future - Trofimov and Anya.

Starting from the first act of the play, the rottenness and worthlessness of the owners of the estate - Ranevskaya and Gaev - are exposed. Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya, in my opinion, is a rather empty woman. She does not see anything around her but love interests, she strives to live beautifully, carefree. She is simple, charming, kind. But her kindness is purely external. The essence of her nature is in selfishness and frivolity: Ranevskaya distributes gold, while poor Varya, out of "savings, feeds everyone with milk soup, in the kitchen they give old people one pea"; arranges an unnecessary ball when there is nothing to pay debts. He remembers the dead son, speaks of maternal feelings, love. And she herself leaves her daughter in the care of a careless uncle, does not worry about the future of her daughters. She resolutely tears telegrams from Paris, at first without even reading them, and then she goes to Paris. She is saddened by the sale of the estate, but rejoices at the possibility of going abroad. And when he talks about love for the motherland, he interrupts himself with the remark: “However, you must drink coffee.” For all her weakness, lack of will, she has the ability for self-criticism, for disinterested kindness, for sincere, ardent feeling.

The present Russia in Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard" is represented by Lopakhin. In general, his image is complex and contradictory. He is resolute and compliant, prudent and poetic, truly kind and unconsciously cruel. Such are the many facets of his nature and character. Throughout the play, the hero constantly repeats about his origin, saying that he is a peasant: “My father, however, was a peasant, but here I am in a white vest and yellow shoes. With a pig’s snout in a kalashny row ... Only now he’s rich, there’s a lot of money, but if you think and figure it out, then a peasant is a peasant ... ”Although, it seems to me, he still exaggerates his common people, because he already came from the family of a village kulak-shopkeeper. Lopakhin himself says: “... my late father - he then traded here in the village in a shop ...” Yes, and he himself is currently a very successful businessman. According to him, it can be judged that things are even going very well with him and there is no need to complain about his life and his fate in relation to money.

In his image, all the features of an entrepreneur, a businessman, personifying the present state of Russia, its structure are visible. Lopakhin is a man of his time, who saw the real chain of development of the country, its structure and was drawn into the life of society. He lives for today.

Chekhov notes the kindness of the merchant, his desire to become better. Ermolai Alekseevich remembers how Ranevskaya stood up for him when his father offended him as a child. Lopakhin recalls this with a smile: “Don’t cry, he says, little man, he will heal before the wedding ... (Pause.) Little man ...” He sincerely loves her, willingly lends Lyubov Andreevna money, not expecting to ever receive them. For her sake, he tolerates Gaev, who despises and ignores him. The merchant strives to improve his education, to learn something new. At the beginning of the play, he is shown with a book in front of the readers. Regarding this, Yermolai Alekseevich says: “I was reading a book and did not understand anything. Read and fell asleep.

Yermolai Lopakhin, the only one in the play busy with business, leaves for his merchant needs. In one of the conversations about this, you can hear: "I now, at five o'clock in the morning, go to Kharkov." He differs from others in his vitality, diligence, optimism, assertiveness, practicality. Alone, he proposes a real plan to save the estate.

Lopakhin may seem like a clear contrast to the old masters of the cherry orchard. After all, he is a direct descendant of those whose faces "look from every cherry tree in the garden." Yes, and how can he triumph after buying a cherry orchard: “If my father and grandfather got up from their graves and looked at the whole incident, like their Yermolai, beaten, illiterate Yermolai, who ran barefoot in winter, how this same Yermolai bought the estate where grandfather and father were slaves, where they were not even allowed into the kitchen. I'm sleeping, it only seems to me, it only seems to me ... Hey, musicians, play, I want to listen to you! Everyone come and watch how Yermolai Lopakhin will hit the cherry orchard with an ax, how the trees will fall to the ground! We will set up dachas, and our grandchildren and great-grandchildren will see a new life here ... Music, play!” But this is not so, because in the place of something ruined it is impossible to build something beautiful, joyful and happy.

And here Chekhov also discovers the negative qualities of the bourgeois Lopakhin: his desire to get rich, not to miss his profit. He still buys Ranevskaya's estate himself and puts into practice his idea of ​​organizing dachas. Anton Pavlovich showed how acquisitiveness gradually cripples a person, becoming his second nature. “Just as in terms of metabolism, a predatory beast is needed that eats everything that comes in its way, so you are needed,” Petya Trofimov explains to the merchant about his role in society. And yet Ermolai Alekseevich is simple and kind, from the bottom of his heart he offers help to the “eternal student”. It is not for nothing that Petya likes Lopakhin - for his thin, gentle, like an artist's fingers, for his "thin, tender soul." But it is he who advises him "not to wave his arms", not to be carried away, imagining that everything can be bought and sold. And Yermolai Lopakhin, the further, the more he learns the habit of “waving his arms.” At the beginning of the play, this is still not so pronounced, but at the end it becomes quite noticeable. His confidence that everything can be considered in terms of money increases and becomes more and more his feature.

The story of Lopakhin's relationship with Varya does not evoke sympathy. Varya loves him. And he seems to like her, Lopakhin understands that his proposal will be her salvation, otherwise she will go to the housekeeper. Ermolai Alekseevich is going to take a decisive step and does not take it. It is not entirely clear what prevents him from proposing to Varya. Either this is the lack of true love, or it is his excessive practicality, or maybe something else, but in this situation he does not cause sympathy for himself.

He is characterized by enthusiasm and merchant arrogance after the purchase of the Ranevskaya estate. Having acquired a cherry orchard, he solemnly and boastfully announces this, cannot help but praise, but the tears of the former mistress suddenly shake him. Lopakhin’s mood changes, and he bitterly says: “Oh, if only all this would pass, if only our awkward, unhappy life would somehow change.” The triumph that has not yet died out is combined with mockery of oneself, merchant dashing - with spiritual awkwardness.

Another feature of him does not make a good impression. First of all, this is his indelicateness, the desire for the fastest profit. He starts cutting trees even before the former owners have left. No wonder Petya Trofimov says to him: “Really, is there really not enough tact ...” The felling of the cherry orchard is stopped. But as soon as the former owners left the estate, the axes clattered again. The new owner is in a hurry to turn his idea into action.

Representatives of the future of Russia are Trofimov and Anya. Pyotr Trofimov correctly looks at many life phenomena, is able to captivate with figurative, deep thought, and under his influence Anya quickly grows spiritually. But Petya's words about the future, his calls to work, to be free as the wind, to go forward are vague, they are too general, dreamy. Petya believes in "higher happiness", but he does not know how to achieve it. It seems to me that Trofimov is the image of a future revolutionary.

The Cherry Orchard was written by Chekhov during the period of pre-revolutionary unrest. The writer confidently believed in the onset of a better future, in the inevitability of the revolution. He considered the young generation of Russia to be the creators of a new, happy life. In the play The Cherry Orchard, these people are Petya Trofimov and Anya. The revolution has come to pass, a “bright future” has come, but it has not brought the “higher happiness” to the people.

All of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, in my opinion, was reflected in Chekhov's play. And now you can meet such impractical people who have lost their ground under their feet, like Ranevskaya and Gaev. Idealists like Petya Trofimov and Anya are also alive, but it’s quite difficult to meet people like Chekhov’s Lopakhin: modern entrepreneurs very often lack those attractive personality traits that I liked in this hero. Unfortunately, in our society, "Yasha's lackeys" come to the fore every day more and more confidently. There is not a word about this hero in my essay, since I am limited by the time of the examination work. I could say a lot about him, and about other characters in Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard, since this work provides inexhaustible material for reflection on the fate of Russia.

Other writings on this work

Anya is one of the truly sincere and open characters in A.P. Chekhov's play, which has become a classic of Russian fiction.

The image and characterization of Anya Trofimova in the play "The Cherry Orchard" is a hope for the spiritual rebirth of Russia.

The role of the heroine in the play

Anya Ranevskaya is not the main character of the work. She is assigned a role of secondary importance, she complements the plot of the play, helps to understand the problem raised by the author of the play. A.P. Chekhov himself tries to characterize the role of the character in his letters. In one of the letters, he says that Anya's role is "short and uninteresting." This young and thin girl is an example of childishness, naivety and burning hopes for a better life. For actors, the author simplifies the task. In his opinion, it can be "played by anyone." The main thing is external similarity. Youth, a sonorous voice, the ability to hold back tears and be cheerful and carefree. But if you do not think about the significance of literature, you can deny the importance of many insignificant characters. Anna cannot be removed from the text. It helps to understand the character of many heroes:

• loss and fear of Vari's life;
• isolation from the real perception of the mother's life;
• laziness and parasitism of representatives of the nobility;
• love for the chatter of the learned Peter;
• the insincerity of Gaev's words;
• vanity of Lopakhin.

Communicating with each character, Anya emphasizes its negative sides, emphasizes individuality.

Girl character

Anya is 17 years old, she has not yet matured and feels like a naive child in her soul. Anya's mother is an impoverished noblewoman who does not understand the complexity of her position. She is in the air, making plans that are not destined to come true. Part of her demeanor passed on to her daughter. Anya flew in a balloon in Paris, she admires ordinary things, enjoys life and does not understand people. Anya spent most of her life abroad. She was educated by a governess of French origin with an unknown past. Governess Charlotte is a circus performer. It cannot be assumed that her knowledge is sufficient for a girl. Anya independently searched for what helped her become interesting and educated. She read a lot, looking for correct life principles in books. The books did their job: the girl grew up enthusiastic and emotional. She easily succumbs to the ideas of Peter, believes his every word. The young man was the teacher of the deceased brother, but it is likely that his lessons were also interesting for Anya.

The daughter loves her mother very much, she chooses the most tender words for her: beautiful, kind, good. Anya loves her half-sister Varya, she treats her as affectionately as her mother: beautiful, darling.

Anya and eternal student Petya

Ranevskaya is friends with Peter Trofimov. Young people talk, looking for the meaning of happiness and freedom. They do not accept the possibility of feelings of love between them, trying to deny love in existence. Their goal is a bright star that shines in the distance and beckons them with its light. The author does not give the exact content of their conversations. The reader is forced to guess what the heroes of the play dream about. There is only fragmentary data of their hopes:

• new cherry orchard;
• quiet cozy house;
• reading books in the evenings;
• happy people around.

A bright future is tempting, but very vague. It is clear that young people are not afraid of changes in life. Anya is ready for work, study, exams. But she, hoping for Peter, does not notice his isolation from reality. The eternal student has many words, but few actions. The author hopes that the energy of the girl, his desire to find the meaning of life will help "ideological" people (such as Peter). Their inner strength is not enough to spread their knowledge, and "Ani" will become the driving force, "pushers" and helpers.

Connection with nature

The play describes the loss of a beautiful old cherry orchard. Few objects from the author give the reader the opportunity to imagine real beauty. Anya grew up in a quiet estate, among beautiful trees. It was nature that allowed the girl to maintain the purity of her soul and thoughts. Young Russia is a new cherry orchard, it is the aroma of freedom and movement towards a dream. Anya will help her loved ones, she will change the usual way of life of the nobility. The girl will be able to start working and achieve her goals not with the help of rich relatives, but on her own, like a truly happy person.