1. I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
The protagonist of the novel Ilya Oblomov, starting his career, commits a misstep in the service and sends an important dispatch instead of Astrakhan to Arkhangelsk. Then he suddenly falls ill, in the medical certificate issued by the doctor, it is testified: "Thickening of the heart with the expansion of the left ventricle thereof", caused by daily "going to office". This mistake led to the subsequent eternal lying on the couch, from which even all the attempts of Stolz do not save. So a mistake in the service became fatal for Oblomov.
2. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don"
Grigory Melekhov, being a young, strong Cossack, chooses the most beautiful young Cossack girl Aksinya for lovemaking. It's a common thing for a Cossack village. But the problem lies in the amazing origin of the entire Melekhov family, in its genesis. And Aksinya, who had never known love, for the first time understood the charm of this feeling. In the village, the Cossacks were embarrassed to look into Aksinya's shameless eyes. But his father's order to marry Natalya becomes fatal for Gregory. All his life he will rush between two women, in the end he will destroy both.
3. E.I. Zamyatin "We"
The protagonist of the novel, D-503, is a cog in the mechanism of the United State. He lives in a world where there is no love (it is replaced by "pink coupons"). The meeting with I-330 strikes the hero's imagination. He falls in love. By law, he must report to the guardians about the crime into which his girlfriend is dragging him. But he hesitates and loses time. The mistake becomes fatal for I-330.
4. V.F. Tendryakov "Bread for the dog"
Volodya Tenkov finds himself at the most terrible time in the years of the great turning point in the very center of the battle. On the one hand, these are well-fed representatives of the nomenklatura of the party leadership, where there are pies, borscht and delicious kvass. On the other hand, people thrown to the sidelines of life. Former "fists" today are "shockets" and "elephants", causing pity for the boy. Trying to help them becomes a mistake. Rescues a child sick with mercy, an old sick dog.
5. V. Bykov "Sotnikov"
The protagonist of the story - Sotnikov - experienced a shock in his life. He, disobeying his father's prohibition, took his nominal pistol, which suddenly fired. It was hard for the boy to confess this to his father, but he did it not of his own free will, but at the request of his mother. When the boy told his father about his crime, he forgave him, but asked if he himself decided to do it? The child was not ready to answer this question and cowardly said: “Yes.” The poison of lies forever burned Sotnikov's soul, reminding him of a childhood mistake. This offense became decisive in the life of Sotnikov.
Official comment:
Within the framework of the direction, it is possible to reason about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, people, humanity as a whole, about the price of mistakes on the way of knowing the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes one think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.
Guidelines:
“Experience and mistakes” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is implied to a lesser extent, because without mistakes there is no and cannot be experience. The literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, embarks on the path of spiritual and moral development. Giving an assessment of the actions of the characters, the reader acquires his invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one's own mistakes, the price of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that an incorrectly made decision, an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also most fatally affect the fate of others. In literature, we also encounter such tragic mistakes that affect the fate of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic direction.
Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:
You should not be shy for fear of making mistakes, the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience.
Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues
You can make mistakes in various ways, you can only do the right thing in one way, therefore the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, hard to hit.
Aristotle
Karl Raimund Popper
The one who thinks that he will not be mistaken if others think for him is deeply mistaken.
Avreliy Markov
We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us alone.
François de La Rochefoucauld
Take advantage of every mistake.
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Modesty can be appropriate everywhere, but not in the matter of admitting one's mistakes.
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
It is easier to find the error than the truth.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe
In all matters, we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves.
Karl Raimund Popper
As a support in your reasoning, you can refer to the following works.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to his deed, does not fully realize the whole tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not transgress, that he cannot now consider himself among the elect. And only in penal servitude the soul-worn hero does not just repent (he repented, confessing to the murder), but embarks on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion. (In the novel, next to the hero, Sonya Marmeladova, who is an example of a compassionate person).
M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man", K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The heroes of such different works make a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, nothing can be corrected. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, repels his wife hugging him, the hero is annoyed by her tears, he is angry, believing that she is "burying him alive", but it turns out the opposite: he returns, and the family dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I won’t forgive myself for pushing her away then!” The story of K.G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Abandoned by her own daughter, grandmother Katerina writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands. But Nastya calms herself with the words: "Since the mother writes, it means she is alive." Thinking about strangers, organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, her daughter forgets about her only loved one. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for caring for a person,” the heroine recalls that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon. Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? Because I don't have anyone in my life. No, and it will not be dearer. If only to be in time, if only she would see me, if only she would forgive me. The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones "before it's too late."
M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" The hero of the novel M.Yu. also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Lermontov. Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disappointed in life.
Pechorin himself says about himself: "Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him." Lermontov's character is an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find application for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him a "suffering egoist", because Grigory Alexandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries, and nothing brings him satisfaction.
Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time he wants to teach others to confess their own, as, for example, he tried to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. But the other side of Pechorin immediately appears: after some attempts to defuse the situation in a duel and call Grushnitsky to conscience, he himself offers to shoot in a dangerous place so that one of them dies. At the same time, the hero tries to turn everything into a joke, despite the fact that there is a threat to both the life of young Grushnitsky and his own life. After the murder of Grushnitsky, we see how Pechorin's mood changed: if on the way to the duel he notices how beautiful the day is, then after the tragic event he sees the day in black colors, there is a stone in his soul.
The story of the disappointed and dying Pechorin soul is set forth in the hero's diary entries with all the ruthlessness of introspection; being both the author and the hero of the "magazine", Pechorin fearlessly speaks of his ideal impulses, and the dark sides of his soul, and the contradictions of consciousness. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them, his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding that he destroys human lives (“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers”, Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the fates of others, which makes himself unhappy .
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If the hero of Lermontov, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then the beloved heroes of Tolstoy, the experience gained helps to become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can refer to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky stands out sharply from the high society environment with his education, breadth of interests, dreams of accomplishing a feat, wishes for great personal glory. His idol is Napoleon. To achieve his goal, Bolkonsky appears in the most dangerous places of the battle. The harsh military events contributed to the fact that the prince is disappointed in his dreams, he understands how bitterly he was mistaken. Seriously wounded, remaining on the battlefield, Bolkonsky is experiencing a mental breakdown. In these moments, a new world opens before him, where there are no egoistic thoughts, lies, but only the purest, highest, and fairest. The prince realized that there is something more significant in life than war and glory. Now the former idol seems to him petty and insignificant. Having survived further events - the appearance of a child and the death of his wife - Bolkonsky comes to the conclusion that he only has to live for himself and his loved ones. This is only the first stage in the evolution of the hero, not only admitting his mistakes, but also striving to become better. Pierre also makes a considerable series of mistakes. He leads a wild life in the company of Dolokhov and Kuragin, but he understands that such a life is not for him. He cannot immediately correctly assess people and therefore often makes mistakes in them. He is sincere, trusting, weak-willed. These character traits are clearly manifested in the relationship with the depraved Helen Kuragina - Pierre makes another mistake. Soon after the marriage, the hero realizes that he has been deceived, and "processes his grief alone in himself." After a break with his wife, being in a state of deep crisis, he joins the Masonic lodge. Pierre believes that it is here that he "will find a rebirth to a new life," and again he realizes that he is again mistaken in something important. The experience gained and the “thunderstorm of 1812” lead the hero to drastic changes in his worldview. He understands that one must live for the sake of people, one must strive to benefit the Motherland.
M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people, makes them evaluate their life mistakes, we can refer to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting on the side of the whites, then on the side of the reds, he understands what a monstrous injustice is around, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: "... my hands need to plow." Home, family - that's the value. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person already wise with life experience understands that the main thing in life is not war, but a son meeting at the threshold of the house. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is the reason for his repeated throwing from white to red.
M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing some phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research”, then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the issue of survival of the pituitary gland, and later on its influence on rejuvenation organism in humans” can hardly be called successful in full measure.
From a scientific point of view, he is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result turned out to be unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most deplorable consequences. The type who appeared in the professor's house as a result of the operation, "small in stature and unsympathetic in appearance", behaves defiantly, arrogantly and arrogantly. However, it should be noted that the humanoid creature that has appeared easily finds itself in a changed world, but it does not differ in human qualities and soon becomes a thunderstorm not only for the inhabitants of the apartment, but also for the residents of the whole house.
After analyzing his mistake, the professor realizes that the dog was much more “human” than P.P. Sharikov. Thus, we are convinced that Sharikov's humanoid hybrid is more of a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: "Old donkey ... Here, doctor, what happens when the researcher, instead of walking in parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge." Philipp Philippovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results.
In the story "Heart of a Dog" the professor corrects his mistake - Sharikov turns into a dog again. He is content with his fate and himself. But in life, such experiments have a tragic effect on the fate of people, warns Bulgakov. Actions should be considered and not be destructive.
The main idea of the writer is that bare progress, devoid of morality, brings death to people and such a mistake will be irreversible.
V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera" Talking about the mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but to the people as a whole, one can also refer to the specified story of the writer of the twentieth century. This is not just a work about the loss of one's home, but also about how erroneous decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole.
The plot of the story is based on a real story. During the construction of the hydroelectric power station on the Angara, the surrounding villages were flooded. Resettlement has become a painful phenomenon for residents of flooded areas. After all, hydroelectric power plants are built for a large number of people. This is an important economic project, for the sake of which it is necessary to restructure, not to cling to the old. But can this decision be called unambiguously correct? Residents of the flooded Matera move to a village built not in a human way. The mismanagement with which huge amounts of money are spent hurts the writer's soul painfully. Fertile lands will be flooded, and nothing will grow in the village built on the northern slope of the hill, on stones and clay. Gross intervention in nature will necessarily entail environmental problems. But for the writer, they are not so much important as the spiritual life of people.
For Rasputin, it is quite clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, a people, a country, begins with the disintegration of a family. And the reason for this is a tragic mistake, which consists in the fact that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people.
Wise with life experience, the older generation does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but primarily because they demand to give Matera for these amenities, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is the experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, must not renounce his roots.
In reasoning on this topic, one can turn to history and the catastrophes that the “economic” activity of man entailed.
Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is a tragic experience of previous generations as a warning to us, people of the 21st century.
1. Mind and feeling
2. Mind and feeling
Everyone in their life is faced with the choice of how to act: in accordance with the mind or succumb to the influence of feelings. And the mind and feelings are an integral part of a person. If you completely surrender to feelings, you can spend a lot of time and effort on unreasonable experiences and make many mistakes, which in turn cannot always be corrected. Following only reason, people can lose their humanity, become callous and indifferent to others. Such people cannot rejoice in simple things, enjoy their good deeds. Therefore, in my opinion, the goal of every person is to find harmony between the dictates of the senses and the promptings of the mind.
In support of my position, I want to give an example of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". One of the main characters is Prince Bolkonsky. For a long time, he tries to be like Napoleon. This character, surrendered without a trace to the mind, because of which he did not allow feelings to break into his life, so he no longer paid attention to his family, but only thought about how to commit a heroic deed, but when he gets injured during the war, he becomes disillusioned with Napoleon, who defeated the Allied army. The prince realizes that all his dreams of glory are useless. At that moment, he allows feelings to penetrate his life, thanks to which he realizes how dear his family is to him, how he loves her and cannot live without her. Returning from the battle of Austerlitz, he finds his wife already dead, who died during childbirth. At this moment, he realizes that the time he spent on his career is irretrievably gone, regrets that he did not show his feelings earlier and completely abandons his desires.
As another argument, I want to cite as an example the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Evgeny Bazarov, devoted his life to science. He devoted himself without a trace to the mind, believing that love and feelings are a waste of time. Because of his position in life, he feels like a stranger and older to Kirsanov and his parents. Although deep down he loves them, his presence only brings them grief. Yevgeny Bazarov was dismissive of others, does not allow feelings to break through, dies from a trifling scratch. Being near death, the hero allows feelings to open up, after that he approaches his parents and, albeit not for long, finds peace of mind.
Thus, the main task of a person is to find harmony between reason and feeling. Everyone who listens to the promptings of the mind and at the same time does not deny feelings gets the opportunity to live a full life, full of bright colors and emotions.
3. Mind and feeling
Probably everyone in their life faced with a difficult choice of how to act: in accordance with the mind or succumb to the influence of feelings. And the mind and feelings are an integral part of a person. I believe that in the life of every person there should be harmony. Surrendering to feelings without a trace, we can make many mistakes, which in turn cannot always be corrected. Following only reason, people can gradually lose their humanity. That is, to enjoy simple things, to enjoy your good deeds. Therefore, in my opinion, the goal of every person is to find harmony between the dictates of the senses and the promptings of the mind.
In support of my position, I want to give an example of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace". One of the main characters is Prince Balkonsky. For a long time, he tried to be like Napoleon. This character surrendered without a trace to the mind, which is why he did not allow feelings to break into his life. Because of this, he no longer paid attention to his family, but only thought about how to accomplish a heroic feat, but when he is injured during the fighting, he is disappointed in Napoleon, who defeated the Allied army. He realizes that all his dreams of glory were insignificant and useless in his life. And at that moment, he allows feelings to penetrate his life, thanks to which he realizes how dear his family is to him, how he loves them and cannot live without them. Returning home from the battle of Austerlitz, he finds his wife already dead, who died during childbirth. At this moment, he realizes that the time he spent on his career is irretrievably gone, regrets that he did not show his feelings earlier and completely abandons his desires.
As another argument, I want to cite as an example the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Evgeny Bazarov, devoted his life to science. He devoted himself without a trace to the mind, believing that love and feelings are a waste of time. Because of his position in life, he feels like a stranger and older to Kirsanov and to his parents, in the depths of his soul he loves them, but with his presence brings them only grief. Yevgeny Bazarov was dismissive of others, did not let his feelings break through, and dies from a trifling scratch. But being near death, he allows his feelings to open up, after that he approaches his parents and finds peace of mind.
The main task of a person is to find harmony between reason and feeling. Everyone who listens to the promptings of the mind and at the same time does not deny feelings, gets the opportunity to live a full life.
4. Mind and feeling
Probably, every person at least once in his life faced a choice: to act based on rational judgments and logic, or to succumb to the influence of feelings and act as the heart tells. I think that in this situation, you need to make a decision based on both reason and feeling. That is, it is important to find a balance. Because if a person will rely only on reason, he will lose his humanity, and the whole meaning of life will be reduced to achieving goals. And if he is guided only by feelings, he can make not only stupid and thoughtless decisions, but also become a kind of animal, and it is precisely the presence of intelligence that distinguishes us from him.
The literature convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. For example, in the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova, guided by feelings, almost made a big mistake in her life. A young girl who met Mr. Kuragin in the theater was so struck by his courtesy and manners that she forgot about her mind, completely surrendering herself to impressions. And Anatole, taking advantage of this situation, pursuing his selfish motives, wanted to steal the girl from the house, thereby ruining her reputation. But due to a combination of circumstances, his evil intent was not put into practice. This episode of the work is a vivid example of what rash decisions can lead to.
In the work of I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", the main character, on the contrary, rejects any manifestations of feelings and is a nihilist. According to Bazarov, the only thing a person should be guided by when making a decision is reason. Therefore, even when at one of the receptions he met the charming, moreover, intellectually developed Anna Odintsova, Bazarov refused to admit that she interested him and even liked him. But still, Eugene continued to communicate with her after, because he liked her company. After some time, he even confessed his feelings to her. But remembering his life views, he decides to stop communicating with her. That is, in order to remain true to his convictions, Bazarov loses true happiness. This work makes the reader realize how important the balance between feelings and reason is.
Thus, the conclusion suggests itself: every time a person makes a decision, he is guided by reason and feeling. But, unfortunately, he cannot always find a balance between them, in which case his life becomes inferior.
5. Mind and feeling
Each person throughout his life makes decisions, guided by the mind or feelings. I believe that if you rely only on feelings, then you can make stupid and rash decisions that will lead to negative consequences. And if you are guided only by reason, then the whole meaning of life will be reduced only to achieving your goals. This will lead to the fact that a person can become callous. Therefore, it is very important to try to find harmony between these two manifestations of the human personality.
The literature convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. So in the work of N. M. Karamzin “Poor Lisa”, the main character faces a choice: mind or feelings. A young peasant woman, Liza, fell in love with the nobleman Erast. This feeling was new to her. At first, she sincerely did not understand how such an intelligent person could turn his attention to her, so she tried to keep her distance. As a result, she could not resist the surging feelings and gave herself entirely to them, without thinking about the consequences. At first, their hearts were full of love, but after a while there comes a moment of oversaturation, and their feelings fade. Erast becomes cold towards her and leaves her. And Lisa, unable to cope with the pain and resentment from the betrayal of her beloved, decides to commit suicide. This work is a prime example of what rash decisions can lead to.
In the work of I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", the main character, on the contrary, rejects any manifestations of feelings and is a nihilist. Evgeny Bazarov makes decisions, relying only on reason. This is his position throughout his life. Bazarov does not believe in love, so he was extremely surprised that Odintsova could attract his attention. They began to spend a lot of time together. He was pleased with her company, because she is charming and educated, they have many common interests. Over time, Bazarov began to surrender more and more to feelings, but he realized that he could not afford to contradict his life convictions. Because of this, Eugene stopped communicating with her, thus he could not know the true happiness of life - love.
Thus, the conclusion suggests itself: if a person does not know how to make decisions, guided by both reason and feeling, then his life is inferior. After all, these are two components of our inner world that complement each other. Therefore, they are incredibly powerful together and insignificant without each other.
6. Mind and feeling
Reason and feelings are two forces that equally need each other, they are dead and insignificant without each other. I fully agree with this statement. Indeed, both reason and feelings are two components that are an integral part of every person. Although they perform different functions, the connection between them is very strong.
In my opinion, both reason and feelings are part of the personality of every person. They must be in balance. Only in this case, people will be able not only to objectively look at the world, to protect themselves from stupid mistakes, but also to know such feelings as love, friendship and sincere kindness. If people trust only their mind, then they lose their humanity, without which their life will not be full and will turn into a banal achievement of goals. If you follow only sensual impulses and do not control emotions, then the life of such a person will be filled with ridiculous experiences and reckless actions.
In support of my words, I will cite as an example the work of I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. The main character, Evgeny Bazarov, relied only on reason all his life. He considered him the main adviser in the choice of solutions to certain problems. In his life, Eugene never succumbed to feelings. Bazarov sincerely believed that it was possible to live a happy and meaningful life, relying only on the laws of logic. However, at the end of his life, he realized the importance of feelings. Thus, Bazarov, due to his wrong approach, lived an inferior life: he did not have true friendship, did not let his soul in the only love, could not experience peace of mind or spiritual solitude with anyone.
In addition, I will cite as an example the work of I.A. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet". The main character, Zheltkov, is so blinded by his feelings. His mind is clouded, he completely succumbed to feelings, and as a result, love leads Zheltkov to death. He believes that this is his destiny - to love madly, but unrequitedly, that it is impossible to escape from fate. Since the meaning of Zheltkov's life was in Vera, after she rejected the attention of the protagonist, he lost his desire to live. Being under the influence of feelings, he could not use his mind and see a different way out of this situation.
Thus, the importance of reason and feelings cannot be overestimated. They are an inseparable part of each and the predominance of one of them can lead a person down the wrong path. People who rely on one of these forces, as a result, must reconsider their life guidelines, since the longer they go to extremes, the more negative consequences their actions can lead to.
7. Mind and feeling
Feelings play a big role in the life of every person. They help us feel all the beauty and charm of our world. But is it always possible to completely surrender to feelings?
In my opinion, surrendering without a trace to sensual impulses, we can spend a huge amount of time and energy on unreasonable experiences, make many mistakes, not each of which can later be corrected. Reason also allows you to choose the most successful path to achieve your goals, make fewer mistakes on the path of life. But doing things, guided solely by logic and rational judgments, we risk losing our humanity, therefore it is very important that both components are always in harmony, because if one of them begins to prevail, a person’s life becomes inferior.
In support of my position, I want to cite as an example the work of I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. One of the main characters is Yevgeny Bazarov - a man who has been guided by reason all his life, trying to completely ignore his feelings. Due to his life approach and overly rational point of view, he cannot get close to anyone, as he is looking for a logical explanation in everything. Bazarov is convinced that a person should bring specific benefits, like chemistry or mathematics. The hero sincerely believes: "A decent chemist is 20 times more useful than any poet." The area of feelings, art, religion do not exist for Bazaars. In his opinion, these are inventions of aristocrats. But over time, Eugene is disillusioned with his life principles when he meets Anna Odintsova - his true love. Realizing that not all of his feelings are controllable and that the ideology of his whole life may be about to crumble to dust, the protagonist leaves for his parents to plunge into work and recover from the unfamiliar emotions he experienced. Further, Eugene, having made an unsuccessful experiment, becomes infected with a deadly disease and soon dies. Thus, the main character lived an empty life. He rejected the only love, did not know true friendship.
An important figure in this work is Arkady Kirsanov, a friend of Evgeny Bazarov. Despite the strong pressure from his friend, Arkady's desire for logical explanations of his actions, the desire for a rational understanding of everything that surrounds him, the hero did not exclude feelings from his life. Arkady always treated his father with love and tenderness, defending his uncle from the attacks of his comrade, the nihilist. Kirsanov Jr. tried to see the good in everyone. Having met Ekaterina Odintsova on his life path and realizing that he fell in love with her, Arkady immediately reconciled with the hopelessness of his feelings. It is thanks to the harmony between reason and feeling that he gets along with the life around him, finds his family happiness and prospers in his estate.
Thus, if a person is guided solely by reason or feelings, his life becomes inferior and meaningless. After all, mind and feelings are two integral components of human consciousness that complement each other and help us achieve our goals without losing our humanity and without depriving ourselves of important life values and emotions.
8. Mind and feeling
Each person throughout his life faces a choice of what to do: trust his own mind or surrender to feelings and emotions.
Relying on our own mind, we reach our goal much faster, but suppressing feelings, we lose humanity, change our attitude towards others. But surrendering without a trace to feelings, we run the risk of making many mistakes, not each of which can later be corrected.
There are many examples in world literature that confirm my opinion. I.S. Turgenev in the novel "Fathers and Sons" shows us the main character - Evgeny Bazarov, a man whose life is built on the denial of all possible principles. Bazarov is trying to find a logical explanation for everything, while considering any manifestations of feelings as nonsense. When Anna Sergeevna appears in his life - the only woman who could make a big impression on him, and with whom he fell in love, Bazarov realizes that not all feelings are subject to him and that his theory is about to crumble. He cannot stand all this, cannot come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person with his weaknesses, which is why he leaves for his parents, closes himself in himself and completely devotes himself to work. Because of his wrong priorities, Bazarov lived an empty and meaningless life. He did not know true friendship, true love, and even facing his death, there was too little time left to make up for what he had lost.
As a second argument, I want to cite as an example Arkady, a friend of Yevgeny Bazarov, who is his complete opposite. Arkady lives in complete harmony between reason and feelings, which does not allow him to commit rash acts, but at the same time he respects ancient traditions, allows feelings to be present in his life. Humanity is not alien to him, because he is open, kind to others. He imitates Bazarov in many ways, this will cause a conflict with his father. But having rethought a lot, Arkady begins to look more and more like his father: he is ready to make compromises with life. The main thing for him is not the material basis in life, but spiritual values.
Each person throughout his life chooses what he will become, what is closer to him: mind or feelings. But I believe that a person will live in harmony with himself and with those around him only if he manages to balance the "element of feelings" and "cold mind" in himself.
9. Mind and feeling
Each person in his life faced a choice of what to do: submit to a cold mind or surrender to feelings and emotions. Guided by reason and forgetting about feelings, we quickly achieve our goal, but at the same time we lose humanity, change our attitude towards others. Surrendering to feelings ignoring the mind, we can spend a lot of mental strength in vain. Also, if we do not analyze the results of our actions, we can do a lot of stupid things, not all of which can be corrected.
There are many examples in world fiction that confirm my opinion. I.S. Turgenev in the work "Fathers and Sons" shows us the main character, Evgeny Bazarov - a man whose whole life is built on the denial of all kinds of principles. He is always looking for a logical explanation in everything. But when a young beautiful woman appears in the life of the hero - Anna Andreeva, who made a strong impression on him, Bazarov realizes that he cannot control his feelings and that he, like ordinary people, has weaknesses. The protagonist tries to suppress the feeling of love in himself and leaves for his parents, completely devoting himself to work. During the autopsy of a typhoid patient, the hero becomes infected with a deadly disease. Only while on his deathbed, Bazarov realized all his mistakes and gained invaluable experience that helped him live the rest of his life in harmony between mind and feelings.
The bright opposite of Evgeny Bazarov is Arkady Kirsanov. He lives in complete harmony between reason and feelings, which prevents him from committing rash acts. But at the same time, Arkady respects ancient traditions, allows feelings to be present in his life. Humanity is not alien to him, because he is open, kind to others. Arkady imitates Bazarov in many ways, and this is the main reason for the conflict with his father. Over time, rethinking everything, Arkady begins to look more and more like his father: he is ready to make compromises with life. The main thing for him are spiritual values.
Thus, every person throughout his life should try to find harmony between the “element of feelings” and the “cold mind”. The longer we suppress one of these components of the human personality, the more internal contradictions we will eventually come to.
1. Experience and mistakes
Probably, the main wealth of each person is experience. It consists of knowledge, skills and abilities that a person acquires over the years. The experiences we receive throughout life can influence the formation of our views and worldview.
In my opinion, it is impossible to gain experience if you do not make mistakes. After all, it is they who give us knowledge that allows us not to commit such wrong actions in the future. A person commits wrong deeds throughout his life, regardless of age. The only difference is that at the beginning of life they are more harmless, but they are committed much more often. A person who has lived for a long time makes fewer and fewer mistakes, as he draws certain conclusions and does not allow the same actions in the future.
In support of my position, I want to cite as an example the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The protagonist, Pierre Bezukhov, is very different from people who belonged to high society with an unattractive appearance, fullness, and excessive softness. No one took him seriously, and some treated him with disdain. But as soon as Pierre receives an inheritance, he is immediately accepted into high society, he becomes an enviable groom. Having tried the life of a rich person, he realizes that this is not his, that in high society there are no people similar to him, close to him in spirit. Having married Helen, under the influence of Kuragin, and having lived with her for a certain time, the main character realizes that Helen is just a beautiful girl, with an icy heart and a cruel disposition, with whom he cannot find his happiness. After that, he begins to be attracted by the ideology of the Masonic Order, in which equality, brotherhood, and love are preached. The hero develops a belief that there should be a kingdom of goodness and truth in the world, and the happiness of a person lies in striving to achieve them. After living for some time according to the laws of brotherhood, the hero realizes that Freemasonry is useless in his life, since Pierre's ideas are not shared by the brothers: following his ideals, Pierre wanted to alleviate the fate of the serfs, build hospitals, shelters and schools for them, but finds no support among other Masons. Pierre also notices hypocrisy, hypocrisy, careerism among the brothers and, in the end, is disappointed in Freemasonry. Time passes, the war begins, and Pierre Bezukhov rushes to the front, although he does not understand military affairs. In the war, he sees how many people suffer at the hands of Napoleon. And he gains a desire to kill Napoleon with his own hands, but he fails, and he is captured. In captivity, Pierre meets Platon Karataev, and this acquaintance plays an important role in his life. He realizes the truth he was looking for: that a person has a right to happiness and should be happy. Pierre Bezukhov sees the true value of life. Soon, Pierre finds long-awaited happiness with Natasha Rostova, who was not only his wife and mother of his children, but also a friend who supported him in everything. Pierre Bezukhov went a long way, made many mistakes, but each of them was not in vain, he learned a lesson from each mistake, thanks to which he found the truth that he had been looking for for so long.
As another argument, I want to cite the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, is a romantic, proud and strong personality. A former law student who he left due to poverty. Soon Raskolnikov kills the old pawnbroker and her sister Lizaveta. Because of his act, the hero is experiencing a spiritual upheaval. He feels like a stranger to those around him. The hero has a fever, he is close to suicide. Nevertheless, Raskolnikov helps the Marmeladov family, giving her the last money. The hero seems to be able to live with it. It awakens pride. With the last of his strength, he confronts investigator Porfiry Petrovich. Gradually, the hero begins to realize the value of ordinary life, his pride is crushed, he is ready to come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person, with all the weaknesses and shortcomings. Raskolnikov can no longer be silent: he tells Sonya about his crime. He then confesses to everything at the police station. The hero is sentenced to seven years hard labor. Throughout his life, the main character made many mistakes, many of which were terrible and irreversible. The main thing is that Raskolnikov was able to draw the right conclusion from his experience and change himself: he comes to rethink moral values: “Did I kill the old woman? I killed myself." The protagonist realized that pride is sinful, that the laws of life do not obey the laws of arithmetic, and that people should not be judged, but loved, accepting them as God created them.
Thus, mistakes play an important role in everyone's life, they teach us, help us gain experience. You need to learn to learn from your mistakes so as not to make them in the future.
2. Experience and mistakes
What is experience? How is it related to errors? Experience is precious knowledge that a person learns throughout his life. Errors are its main component. However, there are times when, while doing them, he does not always gain experience in the way that he does not analyze them and does not try to understand what he was wrong about.
In my opinion, experience cannot be gained without making mistakes and without analyzing them. Correction of errors is also quite an important process by which a person is fully aware of the essence of the problem.
In support of my words, I will cite as an example the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The main character, Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin, is a dishonest nobleman who uses any means to achieve his goals. Throughout the work, he commits heinous, vile deeds. Once he was in love with Masha Mironova, but he was refused for his feelings. And, seeing the benevolence with which she meets attention from Grinev, Shvabrin tries in every possible way to denigrate the name of the girl and her family, as a result of which Peter challenges him to a duel. And here Alexei Ivanovich behaves unworthily: he wounds Grinev with a dishonorable blow, but this act did not bring him relief. More than anything, Shvabrin is afraid for his own life, so when the rebellion begins, he immediately goes over to the side of Pugachev. Even after the suppression of the uprising, while in the courtroom, he commits his last mean act. Shvabrin tried to denigrate the name of Pyotr Grinev, but this attempt was also a failure. Throughout his life, Alexei Ivanovich committed many vile deeds, but he did not draw conclusions from one of them and did not change his worldview. As a result, his whole life was empty and full of malice.
In addition, I will cite as an example the work of L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The main character, Pierre Bezukhov, made many mistakes throughout his life, but they were not empty and each of them contained the knowledge that further helped him live. Bezukhov's main goal was to find his life path. Disappointed in Moscow society, Pierre joins the Masonic order, hoping to find answers to his questions there. To share the thoughts of the order, he tries to improve the situation of the serfs. In this, Pierre sees the meaning of his life. However, seeing careerism and hypocrisy in Freemasonry, he becomes disillusioned and cuts ties with it. Again, Pierre finds himself in a state of melancholy and sadness. The war of 1812 inspires him, he strives to share the hard fate of the country with everyone. And, having gone through the pain of the war, Pierre begins to understand the true logic of life and its laws: “What he had previously sought and not found in Freemasonry was re-opened to him here, in a close marriage.”
Thus, using the knowledge gained in the course of correcting mistakes, a person will eventually find his own way and live a happy and joyful life.
3. Experience and mistakes
Probably, the main wealth of every person can be considered experience. Experience is the unity of skills and knowledge acquired in the process of direct experiences, impressions, observations, practical actions. Experience affects the formation of our consciousness, worldview. Thanks to him, we become who we are. In my opinion, experience cannot be gained without making mistakes. A person commits wrong deeds and actions throughout his life, regardless of age. The only difference is that at the beginning of life, there are much more mistakes and they are more harmless. Often, young people, spurred on by curiosity and emotion, take action quickly without much thought, without realizing the further consequences. Of course, a person who has lived for more than a dozen years does much less wrong deeds, he is more inclined to constantly analyze the environment, his own actions and deeds, can predict possible consequences, so every step of adults is measured, thought out and unhurried. Based on his experience and wisdom, an adult can predict any action a few steps ahead, he sees a much more complete picture of the environment, various hidden dependencies and relationships, and that is why the advice and instructions of elders are so valuable. But no matter how wise and experienced a person is, it is impossible to avoid mistakes at all.
In support of my position, I want to cite as an example the work of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The main character, Yevgeny Bazarov, did not listen to his elders all his life, he ignored the centuries-old traditions and experience of generations, he believed only what he could personally verify. Because of this, he was in conflict with his parents, and felt like a stranger to those close to him. The result of such a worldview was too late awareness of the true values of human life.
As another argument, I want to cite the work of M.A. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog” as an example. In this story, Professor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man, interferes with the natural course of nature with his act and creates Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov - a man without moral principles. Subsequently, realizing his responsibility, he realizes what a mistake he made. What became for him an invaluable experience.
Thus, we can conclude that mistakes happen in a person's life. Only by overcoming obstacles, we come to the goal. Mistakes teach, help gain experience. You need to learn to learn from your mistakes and avoid them in the future.
4. Experience and mistakes
In support of my position, I want to cite as an example the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The protagonist, Pierre Bezukhov, is very different from people who belonged to high society with an unattractive appearance, fullness, and excessive softness. No one took him seriously, and some treated him with disdain. But as soon as Pierre receives an inheritance, he is immediately accepted into high society, he becomes an enviable groom. Having tried the life of a rich person, he realizes that this is not his, that in high society there are no people similar to him, close to him in spirit. Having married Helen, under the influence of Kuragin, and having spent time with her, he realizes that Helen is just a beautiful girl, with an icy heart and a cruel disposition, with whom he cannot find his happiness. After that, he begins to listen to the ideas of Freemasonry, believing that this is what he was looking for. In Freemasonry, he is attracted by the ideas of equality, brotherhood, love, the hero develops a belief that there should be a kingdom of goodness and truth in the world, and a person’s happiness lies in striving to achieve them. After living for some time under the laws of brotherhood, the hero realizes that Freemasonry is useless in his life, since his ideas are not shared by the brothers: following his ideals, Pierre wanted to alleviate the fate of the serfs, build hospitals, shelters and schools for them, but does not find support among other Masons. Pierre also notices hypocrisy, hypocrisy, careerism among the brothers and, in the end, is disappointed in Freemasonry. Time passes, the war begins, and Pierre Bezukhov rushes to the front, although he is not a military man and does not understand this. In the war, he sees how many people suffer at the hands of Napoleon. And he gains a desire to kill Napoleon with his own hands, but, unfortunately, he does not succeed and he is captured. In captivity, he meets Platon Karataev and this acquaintance plays an important role in his life path. He realizes the truth he was looking for: that a person has a right to happiness and should be happy. Pierre Bezukhov sees the true value of life. Soon, Pierre finds long-awaited happiness with Natasha Rostova, who was not only his wife and mother of his children, but also a friend who supported him in everything. Pierre Bezukhov went a long way, made many mistakes, but nevertheless came to the truth, which he had to understand, having passed the difficult trials of fate.
Another argument, I want to cite as an example the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, is a romantic, proud and strong personality. A former law student who he left due to poverty. After that, Raskolnikov kills the old pawnbroker and her sister Lizaveta. After the murder, Raskolnikov is experiencing a spiritual upheaval. He feels like a stranger to all people. The hero has a fever, he is close to insanity and suicide. Nevertheless, he helps the Marmeladov family, giving her the last money. The hero seems to be able to live with it. It awakens pride and self-confidence. With the last of his strength, he confronts investigator Porfiry Petrovich. Gradually, the hero begins to realize the value of ordinary life, his pride is crushed, he is ready to come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person, with all the weaknesses and shortcomings. Raskolnikov can no longer be silent: he confesses his crime to Sonya. After that, he goes to the police station and confesses everything. The hero is sentenced to seven years hard labor. There he realizes the essence of mistakes and gains experience.
Thus, we can conclude that mistakes in human life happen, only overcoming obstacles, we come to the goal. Mistakes teach us, help us gain experience. You need to learn to learn from your mistakes and avoid them in the future.
5. Experience and mistakes
Throughout his life, a person not only develops as a person, but also accumulates experience. Experience is knowledge, skills and abilities that accumulate over time, they help people make the right decisions and find a way out of difficult situations. I believe that experienced people are those people who, having made a mistake, do not repeat it twice. That is, a person becomes wiser and more experienced only when he is able to realize his mistake. Therefore, many mistakes committed by young people are the result of their impulsiveness and inexperience. And adults are much less likely to make mistakes, because they, first of all, analyze the situation and think about the consequences.
The literature convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. In the work of F. M. Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment", the main character commits a crime in order to test his theory in practice, while not thinking about the consequences. After killing the old woman, Rodion Raskolnikov realizes that his beliefs are wrong, realizes his mistake and feels guilty. In order to somehow get rid of the pangs of conscience, he begins to take care of others. So the main character, walking down the street and seeing a man who was crushed by a horse and who needs help, decides to do a good deed. Namely, he brought the dying Marmeladov home so that he could say goodbye to his relatives. Then Raskolnikov helps the family in organizing the funeral and even gives money to cover expenses. In providing these services, he asks for nothing in return. But, despite his efforts to atone for his guilt, his conscience continues to torment him. Therefore, in the end, he confesses that he killed the pawnbroker, for which he was sent into exile. Thus, this work convinces me that a person accumulates experience by making mistakes.
I also want to cite as an example the tale of M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The Wise Gudgeon”. Minnow from a young age wanted to succeed in life, but he was afraid of everything and hid in the bottom mud. As the years passed, the minnow continued to tremble with fear and hide from real and imagined danger. In his entire life he did not make friends, did not help anyone, never once stood up for the truth. Therefore, already in old age, the minnow began to be tormented by conscience for the fact that he had existed in vain. Yes, but I realized my mistake too late. Thus, we can conclude: the mistakes that are made by a person give him invaluable experience. Therefore, the older a person is, the more experienced and wiser he is.
6. Experience and mistakes
Throughout his life, a person develops as a person and accumulates experience. Mistakes play a big role in its accumulation. And subsequently acquired knowledge, skills and abilities help people avoid them in the future. Therefore adults are wiser than young people. After all, people who have lived for more than a dozen years are able to analyze the situation, think rationally and think about the consequences. And young people are too quick-tempered and ambitious, not always able to control their behavior and often make rash decisions.
The literature convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. So in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace, Pierre Bezukhov had to make many mistakes and face the consequences of wrong decisions before finding true happiness and the meaning of life. In his youth, he wanted to become a member of Moscow society, and, having received such an opportunity, he took advantage of it. However, he felt uncomfortable in it, so he left it. After that, he married Helen, but could not get along with her, as she turned out to be a hypocrite, and divorced her. Later he became interested in the idea of Freemasonry. Entering it, Pierre was glad that he had finally found his place in life. Unfortunately, he soon realized that this was not the case and left Freemasonry. After that, he went to war, where he met Platon Karataev. It was the new comrade who helped the main character understand what the meaning of life is. Thanks to this, Pierre married Natasha Rostova, became an exemplary family man and found true happiness. This work makes the reader convinced that by making mistakes, a person becomes wiser.
Another striking example is the work of F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" to the main character, who also had to go through a lot before gaining knowledge and skills. Rodion Raskolnikov, in order to test his theory in practice, kills an old percenter and her sister. Having committed this crime, he realizes the seriousness of the consequences and fears arrest. But, despite this, he is experiencing pangs of conscience. And in order to somehow mitigate his guilt, he begins to take care of others. So, walking in the park, Rodion saves a young girl whose honor they wanted to desecrate. And also helps a stranger who was run over by a horse to get home. But upon the arrival of the doctor, Marmeladov dies from blood loss. Raskolnikov organizes the funeral at his own expense and helps his children. But all this cannot alleviate his torment, and he decides to write a sincere confession. Only this helps him find peace.
Thus, a person throughout his life makes many mistakes, thanks to which he acquires new knowledge, skills and abilities. That is, over time, accumulates invaluable experience. Therefore, adults are wiser and smarter than youth.
7. Experience and mistakes
Probably, the main wealth of every person is experience. It consists of knowledge, skills and abilities that a person acquires over the years. The experiences we get during our lifetime can influence the formation of our views and worldview.
In my opinion, it is impossible to gain experience if you do not make mistakes. After all, it is mistakes that give us knowledge that allows us not to commit such wrong actions and deeds in the future.
In support of my position, I want to cite as an example the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The main character, Pierre Bezukhov, is very different from people who belonged to high society, unattractive appearance, fullness, excessive softness. No one took him seriously, and some treated him with disdain. But as soon as Pierre receives an inheritance, he is immediately accepted into high society, he becomes an enviable groom. Having tried the life of a rich person, he realizes that it does not suit him, that in high society there are no people like him, close to him in spirit. Having married a secular beauty, Helen, under the influence of Anatole Kuragin, and having lived with her for some time, Pierre realizes that Helen is just a beautiful girl, with an icy heart and a cruel disposition, with whom he cannot find his happiness. After that, the hero begins to listen to the ideas of Freemasonry, believing that this is what he was looking for. In Freemasonry, he is attracted by equality, brotherhood, love. The hero develops a belief that there should be a kingdom of goodness and truth in the world, and the happiness of a person lies in striving to achieve them. After living for some time under the laws of brotherhood, Pierre understands that Freemasonry is useless in his life, since the ideas of the hero are not shared by the brothers: following his ideals, Pierre wanted to alleviate the fate of the serfs, build hospitals, shelters and schools for them, but does not find support among other Masons. Pierre also notices hypocrisy, hypocrisy, careerism among the brothers and, in the end, is disappointed in Freemasonry. Time passes, the war begins, and Pierre Bezukhov rushes to the front, although he is not a military man and does not understand military affairs. In the war, he sees the suffering of a huge number of people, from the army of Napoleon. He has a desire to kill Napoleon with his own hands, but he fails, and he is captured. In captivity, he meets Platon Karataev and this acquaintance plays an important role in his life path. He realizes the truth he has been searching for so long. He understands that a person has the right to happiness and should be happy. Pierre Bezukhov sees the true value of life. Soon, the Hero finds long-awaited happiness with Natasha Rostova, who was not only his wife and mother of his children, but also a friend who supported him in everything. Pierre Bezukhov has come a long way, made many mistakes, but nevertheless came to the truth, which could be found only after passing through the difficult trials of fate.
As another argument, I want to cite the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". The main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, is a romantic, proud and strong personality. A former law student who he left due to poverty. After completing his studies, Rodion Raskolnikov decides to test his theory and kills an old pawnbroker and her sister Lizaveta. But, after the murder, Raskolnikov is experiencing a spiritual upheaval. He feels like a stranger to those around him. The hero develops a fever, he is close to suicide. Nevertheless, Raskolnikov helps the Marmeladov family, giving her the last money. It seems to the hero that his good deeds will allow him to alleviate the pangs of conscience. It even awakens pride. But this is not enough. With the last of his strength, he confronts investigator Porfiry Petrovich. Gradually, the hero begins to realize the value of ordinary life, his pride is crushed, he is ready to come to terms with the fact that he is an ordinary person, with his weaknesses and shortcomings. Raskolnikov can no longer be silent: he confesses his crime to his girlfriend, Sonya. It is she who puts him on the right path, and after that, the hero goes to the police station and confesses everything. The hero is sentenced to seven years hard labor. Following Rodion, Sonya, who fell in love with him, goes to hard labor. In hard labor, Raskolnikov is ill for a long time. He painfully experiences his crime, does not want to come to terms with it, does not communicate with anyone. It is Sonechka's love and Raskolnikov's own love for her that resurrects him to a new life. As a result of long wanderings, the hero still understands what mistakes he made and, thanks to the experience gained, realizes the truth and finds peace of mind.
Thus, we can conclude that mistakes happen in people's lives. But, only after passing difficult trials, a person comes to his goal. Mistakes teach us, help us gain experience. You need to learn to learn from your mistakes and avoid them in the future.
8. Experience and mistakes
The one who does nothing is never wrong.I fully agree with this statement. Indeed, making mistakes is inherent in all people and it is possible to avoid them only in case of inaction. A person who stays in one place and does not receive invaluable knowledge that comes with experience excludes the process of self-development.
In my opinion, making mistakes is a process that brings a useful result to a person, that is, provides the knowledge necessary for him to solve life's difficulties. Enriching their experience, people improve each time, thanks to which they do not do wrong things in similar situations. The life of a person who does nothing is dull and dull, because it is not motivated by the task of improving himself, to know the true meaning of his life. As a result, such people waste their precious time on inaction.
In support of my words, I will cite as an example the work of I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". The main character, Oblomov, leads a passive lifestyle. It is important to note that such inaction is a conscious choice of the hero. The ideal of his life is a calm and peaceful existence in Oblomovka. Inaction and a passive attitude to life devastated a person from the inside, and his life became pale and boring. In his heart, he has long been ready to solve all problems, but the matter does not move beyond desire. Oblomov is afraid to make mistakes, which is why he chooses inaction, which is not the solution to his problem.
In addition, I will cite as an example the work of L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". The main character, Pierre Bezukhov, made many mistakes in his life and, in this regard, received invaluable knowledge, which he used in the future. All these oversights were committed for the sake of knowing your destiny in this world. At the beginning of the work, Pierre wanted to live a happy life with a beautiful young lady, however, having seen her true essence, he was disappointed in her and in the whole of Moscow society. In Freemasonry, he was attracted by the ideas of brotherhood and love. Inspired by the ideology of the order, he decides to improve the life of the peasants, but does not receive approval from his brothers and decides to leave Freemasonry. Only when he went to war, Pierre realized the true meaning of his life. All his mistakes were not made in vain, they showed the hero the right path.
Thus, a mistake is a stepping stone to knowledge and success. It is only necessary to overcome it and not stumble. Our life is a high ladder. And I want to wish that this staircase led only up.
9. Experience and mistakes
Is the saying "Experience is the best teacher" true? After thinking about this question, I came to the conclusion that this judgment is correct. Indeed, throughout his life, a person, making many mistakes and making wrong decisions, draws conclusions and gains new knowledge, skills and abilities. Thanks to this, a person develops as a person.
The literature convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. So the protagonist of Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace", Pierre Bezukhov, made many mistakes before he found true happiness. In his youth, he dreamed of becoming a member of Moscow society, and soon got such an opportunity. However, he soon left it, because he felt like a stranger there. Later, Pierre met Helen Kuragina, who charmed with her beauty. Not having time to know her inner world, the hero married her. He soon realized that Helen was just a beautiful doll with a cruel hypocritical disposition, and filed for divorce. Despite all his disappointments in life, Pierre continued to believe in true happiness. So, having joined the Masonic society, the hero was glad that he had found the meaning of life. The ideas of brotherhood interested him. However, he quickly noticed the careerism and hypocrisy among the brothers. Among other things, he realized that it was impossible to achieve his goals, so he severed his connection with the order. After some time, the war began, and Bezukhov went to the front, where he met Platon Karataev. The new comrade helped the protagonist understand what true happiness is. Pierre overestimated life values and realized that only his family would make him happy. Having met Natasha Rostova, the hero saw kindness and sincerity in her. He married her and became an exemplary family man. This work makes the reader realize that mistakes play a huge role in gaining experience.
Another striking example is the main character of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment", Rodion Raskolnikov. In order to test his theory in practice, he killed old money-lender and her sister, without thinking about the consequences. After the deed, his conscience tormented him, and he did not dare to confess to the crime, as he was afraid of exile. And in order to somehow mitigate his guilt, Rodion began to take care of those around him. So, walking in the park, Raskolnikov saved a young girl, whose honor they wanted to desecrate. And also helped a stranger who was run over by a horse to get home. Upon arrival of the doctor, the victim died from blood loss. Rodion organized the funeral at his own expense, and helped the children of the deceased. But nothing could ease his suffering, so the hero decided to write a sincere confession. And only after that Raskolnikov was able to find peace.
Thus, experience is the main wealth that a person accumulates throughout his life and allows him to avoid many mistakes. Therefore, it is impossible to disagree with this statement.
1. Honor and dishonor
In our cruel age it seems that the concepts of honor and dishonor have died. There is no special need to keep girls honored - striptease and viciousness are paid dearly, and money is much more attractive than some kind of ephemeral honor. I recall Knurov from A.N. Ostrovsky’s “Dowry”: “There are boundaries beyond which condemnation does not cross: I can offer you such an enormous content that the most evil critics of someone else’s morality will have to shut up and open their mouths in surprise.”
Sometimes it seems that men have not dreamed for a long time to serve for the good of the Fatherland, to protect their honor and dignity, to defend the Motherland. Probably, literature remains the only evidence of the existence of these concepts.
The most cherished work of A.S. Pushkin begins with the epigraph: “Take care of honor from a young age,” which is part of a Russian proverb. The whole novel "The Captain's Daughter" gives us the best idea of honor and dishonor. The protagonist Petrusha Grinev is a young man, practically a youth (at the time of his departure for the service he was “eighteen” years old, according to his mother), but he is filled with such determination that he is ready to die on the gallows, but not tarnish his honor. And this is not only because his father bequeathed him to serve in this way. Life without honor for a nobleman is the same as death. But his opponent and envious Shvabrin acts quite differently. His decision to go over to the side of Pugachev is determined by fear for his life. He, unlike Grinev, does not want to die. The outcome of the life of each of the characters is natural. Grinev lives a decent, albeit poor, life as a landowner and dies surrounded by his children and grandchildren. And the fate of Alexei Shvabrin is understandable, although Pushkin does not say anything about it, but most likely death or hard labor will cut short this unworthy life of a traitor, a man who has not preserved his honor.
War is a catalyst for the most important human qualities; it shows either courage and courage, or meanness and cowardice. We can find proof of this in V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov". The two heroes are the moral poles of the story. The fisherman is energetic, strong, physically strong, but is he courageous? Having been captured, he, under pain of death, betrays his partisan detachment, betrays its deployment, weapons, strength - in a word, everything in order to eliminate this center of resistance to the Nazis. But the frail, sickly, frail Sotnikov turns out to be courageous, endures torture, and resolutely ascends the scaffold, not for a second doubting the correctness of his act. He knows that death is not as terrible as remorse from betrayal. At the end of the story, Rybak, who escaped death, tries to hang himself in the toilet, but cannot, because he does not find a suitable tool (the belt was taken from him during his arrest). His death is a matter of time, he is not a completely fallen sinner, and living with such a burden is unbearable.
Years pass, in the historical memory of mankind there are still examples of deeds of honor and conscience. Will they become an example for my contemporaries? I think yes. The heroes who died in Syria, rescuing people in fires, in disasters - prove that there is honor, dignity, and there are bearers of these noble qualities.
2. Honor and dishonor
Each newborn is given a name. Together with the name, a person receives the history of his family, the memory of generations and the idea of honor. Sometimes the name obliges to be worthy of its origin. Sometimes by your actions you have to wash away, correct the negative memory of the family. How not to lose dignity? How to protect yourself in the face of danger? It is very difficult to be prepared for such an ordeal. There are many similar examples in Russian literature.
In the story of Viktor Petrovich Astafyev "Lyudochka" there is a story about the fate of a young girl, yesterday's schoolgirl, who came to the city in search of a better life. Growing up in the family of a hereditary alcoholic, like frozen grass, she has been trying all her life to keep honor, some kind of feminine dignity, trying to work honestly, build relationships with people around her, not offending anyone, pleasing everyone, but keeping her at a distance. And people respect her. Her landlady Gavrilovna respects her for reliability and diligence, respects the wretched Artyomka for strictness and morality, respects her in her own way, but for some reason she is silent about this, her stepfather. Everyone sees her as a person. However, on her way she meets a disgusting type, a criminal and a bastard - Strekach. The person is not important to him, his lust is above all. The betrayal of Artyomka's "friend-boyfriend" turns into a terrible ending for Lyudochka. And the girl with her grief is left alone. For Gavrilovna, this is not a particular problem: “Well, they plucked the plonba, think about it, what a misfortune. This is not a flaw, but now they take any marriage, ugh, now for these things ...”
The mother generally pulls away and pretends that nothing happened: an adult, they say, let her get out herself. Artyomka and "friends" call to spend time together. But Lyudochka does not want to live like this, with a soiled, trampled honor. Seeing no way out of this situation, she decides not to live at all. In her last note, she asks for forgiveness: "Gavrilovna! Mom! Stepfather! What's your name, I didn't ask. Good people, I'm sorry!"
The very fact that Gavrilovna, and not her mother, is in the first place here, testifies to many things. And the worst thing is that no one cares about this unfortunate soul. In the whole world - no one ...
In the epic novel "Quiet Flows the Don" by Sholokhov, each heroine has her own idea of honor. Daria Melekhova lives only in the flesh, the author says little about her soul, and the characters in the novel do not perceive Daria at all without this base beginning. Her adventures both during the life of her husband and after his death show that honor does not exist for her at all, she is ready to seduce her own father-in-law, just to satisfy her desire. It is a pity for her, because a person who has lived his life so mediocrely and vulgarly, who has not left any good memory of himself, is insignificant. Daria has remained the embodiment of a base, lustful, dishonest female inside.
Honor is important to every person in our world. But especially women's, girlish honor remains a hallmark and always attracts special attention. And let them say that in our time morality is an empty phrase, that “they will marry anyone” (according to Gavrilovna), it is important - who you are for yourself, and not for those around you. Therefore, the opinions of immature and narrow-minded people are not taken into account. For everyone, honor has been and will be in the first place.
3. Honor and dishonor
Why is honor compared to clothing? “Take care of your dress again,” a Russian proverb demands. And then: ".. and honor from a young age." And the ancient Roman writer and poet, philosopher, author of the famous novel “Metamorphoses” (A.S. Pushkin wrote about him in the novel “Eugene Onegin”) claims: “Shame and honor are like a dress: the more shabby, the more careless you treat them” . Clothing is external, and honor is a deep, moral, internal concept. What common? They are greeted by clothes ... How often behind the external gloss we see a fiction, and not a person. It turns out that the proverb is true.
In N.S. Leskov’s story “Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District”, the main character Katerina Izmailova is a young beautiful merchant’s wife. She got married "... not for love or any attraction, but because Izmailov was courting her, and she was a poor girl, and she did not have to sort out suitors." Life in marriage was torment for her. She, not being a woman gifted with any talents, even faith in God, spent her time empty, loitering around the house and not knowing what to do with her idle existence. The impudent and desperate Seryozha, who suddenly turned up, completely captured her mind. Having surrendered to his power, she lost all moral guidelines. The murder of the father-in-law, and then the husband, became something ordinary, unpretentious, like a cotton dress, shabby and out of use, fit only for a doormat. So it is with feelings. They turned out to be rags. Honor is nothing compared to the passion that possessed her completely. Finally dishonored, abandoned by Sergei, she decides on the most terrible act: suicide, but in such a way as to take away from life the one that her former lover found to replace. And they were both swallowed up by the terrible icy haze of the winter freezing river. Katerina Izmailova remained a symbol of stupid immoral dishonor.
Katerina Kabanova, the main character in A.N. Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm", treats her honor in a completely different way. Her love is a tragic feeling, not vulgar. She resists her thirst for true love until the last second. Her choice is not much better than Izmailova's. Boris is not Sergei. He is too soft-spoken, indecisive. He cannot even seduce the young woman he loves. In fact, she did everything herself, because she also loved a handsome, non-locally dressed young man who spoke differently from the capital. Barbara pushed her to this act. For Katerina, her step towards love is not a dishonor, no. She makes a choice in favor of love, because she considers this feeling sanctified by God. Having given herself to Boris, she did not think of returning to her husband, because it was a dishonor for her. Life with an unloved person would be a dishonor to her. Having lost everything: love, protection, support - Katerina decides to take the last step. She chooses death as deliverance from sinful living next to the vulgar, sanctimonious philistines of the city of Kalinov, whose customs and principles never became her family.
Honor must be preserved. Honor is your name, and the name is your status in society. There is a status - a worthy person - happiness smiles at you every morning. But there is no honor - life is dark and dirty, like a dark cloudy night. Take care of honor from a young age ... Take care!
1. Victory and defeat
Probably, there are no people in the world who would not dream of victory. Every day we win small victories or suffer defeats. In an effort to succeed over yourself and your weaknesses, getting up in the morning thirty minutes earlier, doing sports, preparing lessons that are poorly given. Sometimes such victories become a step towards success, towards self-affirmation. But this is not always the case. Seeming victory turns into defeat, and defeat, in fact, is a victory.
In Woe from Wit, the protagonist A.A. Chatsky, after a three-year absence, returns to the society in which he grew up. Everything is familiar to him, he has a categorical judgment about every representative of secular society. “Houses are new, but prejudices are old,” concludes a young, ardent man about the renewed Moscow. The Famus society adheres to the strict rules of Catherine’s time: “honor by father and son”, “be poor, but if there are two thousand family souls, that is the groom”, “the door is open for invited and uninvited, especially from foreigners”, “not that so that novelties are introduced - never", "judges of everything, everywhere, there are no judges over them."
And only subservience, servility, hypocrisy rule over the minds and hearts of the "chosen" representatives of the top of the noble class. Chatsky with his views is out of place. In his opinion, “ranks are given by people, but people can be deceived”, it is low to seek patronage from those in power, it is necessary to achieve success with the mind, and not with servility. Famusov, barely hearing his reasoning, plugs his ears, shouting: "... on trial!" He considers young Chatsky a revolutionary, a "carbonari", a dangerous person, and when Skalozub appears, he asks not to express his thoughts aloud. And when the young man nevertheless begins to express his views, he quickly leaves, not wanting to be responsible for his judgments. However, the colonel turns out to be a narrow-minded person and catches only arguments about uniforms. In general, few people understand Chatsky at Famusov's ball: the owner himself, Sofia and Molchalin. But each of them makes their own verdict. Famusov would forbid such people to drive up to the capital for a shot, Sofya says that he is “not a man - a snake”, and Molchalin decides that Chatsky is just a loser. The final verdict of the Moscow world is madness! At the climax, when the hero delivers his keynote speech, no one in the audience listens to him. You can say that Chatsky is defeated, but it's not! I.A. Goncharov believes that the comedy hero is the winner, and one cannot but agree with him. The appearance of this man shook up the stagnant Famus society, destroyed Sophia's illusions, and shook Molchalin's position.
In the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" two opponents collide in a heated argument: a representative of the younger generation - the nihilist Bazarov and the nobleman P.P. Kirsanov. One lived an idle life, spent the lion's share of the allotted time in love with a famous beauty, a socialite - Princess R. But, despite this lifestyle, he gained experience, experienced, probably, the most important feeling that overtook him, washed away everything superficial, knocked down arrogance and self-confidence. This feeling is love. Bazarov boldly judges everything, considering himself a "self-broken", a person who made his name only with his own work, mind. In a dispute with Kirsanov, he is categorical, harsh, but observes external propriety, but Pavel Petrovich cannot stand it and breaks down, indirectly calling Bazarov a “dumbass”: “... before they were just idiots, but now they suddenly became nihilists.”
Bazarov's external victory in this dispute, then in a duel, turns out to be a defeat in the main confrontation. Having met his first and only love, the young man is not able to survive the defeat, he does not want to admit the collapse, but he cannot do anything. Without love, without sweet eyes, such desired hands and lips, life is not needed. He becomes distracted, cannot concentrate, and no denial helps him in this confrontation. Yes, it seems that Bazarov won, because he is so stoically going to death, silently fighting the disease, but in fact he lost, because he lost everything for which it was worth living and creating.
Courage and determination in any struggle are essential. But sometimes you have to reject self-confidence, look around, re-read the classics, so as not to make a mistake in the right choice. After all, this is your life. And when defeating someone, think about whether this is a victory!
2. Victory and defeat
Victory is always welcome. We wait for victory from early childhood, playing catch-up or board games. Whatever the cost, we need to win. And the one who wins feels like the king of the situation. And someone is a loser, because he doesn’t run so fast or just the wrong chips fell out. Is it really necessary to win? Who can be considered the winner? Is victory always an indicator of true superiority.
In Anton Pavlovich Chekhov's comedy The Cherry Orchard, the center of the conflict is the confrontation between the old and the new. The noble society, brought up on the ideals of the past, has stopped in its development, accustomed to getting everything without much difficulty, by right of birth, Ranevskaya and Gaev are helpless in the face of the need for action. They are paralyzed, unable to make decisions, to move. Their world is collapsing, flying into hell, and they are building rainbow-colored projectors, starting an unnecessary holiday in the house on the day the estate is auctioned. And then Lopakhin appears - a former serf, and now - the owner of a cherry orchard. Victory intoxicated him. At first he tries to hide his joy, but soon the triumph overwhelms him and, no longer embarrassed, he laughs and literally shouts: “My God, Lord, my cherry orchard! Tell me that I am drunk, out of my mind, that all this seems to me ... "
Of course, the slavery of his grandfather and father may justify his behavior, but in the face, according to him, of his beloved Ranevskaya, this looks at least tactless. And then it is already difficult to stop him, like a real master of life, the winner demands: “Hey, musicians, play, I want to listen to you! Everyone come and watch how Yermolai Lopakhin will hit the cherry orchard with an ax, how the trees will fall to the ground!”
Maybe, from the point of view of progress, Lopakhin's victory is a step forward, but somehow it becomes sad after such victories. The garden is cut down without waiting for the departure of the former owners, Firs is forgotten in the boarded-up house... Does such a play have a morning?
In the story of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" the focus is on the fate of a young man who dared to fall in love with a woman not of his circle. G.S.Zh. long and devotedly loves Princess Vera. His gift - a garnet bracelet - immediately attracted the attention of a woman, because the stones suddenly lit up like “charming deep red live fires. "Just like blood!" Vera thought with unexpected anxiety. Unequal relationships are always fraught with serious consequences. Anxious forebodings did not deceive the princess. The need at all costs to put in place the presumptuous villain arises not so much for the husband as for Vera's brother. Appearing in the face of Zheltkov, representatives of high society a priori behave like winners. Zheltkov’s behavior strengthens them in his confidence: “his trembling hands ran around, fiddling with buttons, pinching his blond reddish mustache, touching his face needlessly.” The poor telegraph operator is crushed, confused, feels guilty. But as soon as Nikolai Nikolaevich recalls the authorities, to whom the defenders of the honor of his wife and sister wanted to turn, Zheltkov suddenly changes. No one has power over him, over his feelings, except for the object of adoration. No power can forbid to love a woman. And to suffer for the sake of love, to give one's life for it - this is the true victory of the great feeling that G.S.Zh. was lucky to experience. He leaves silently and confidently. His letter to Vera is a hymn to a great feeling, a triumphant song of Love! His death is his victory over the petty prejudices of pitiful nobles who feel themselves masters of life.
Victory, as it turns out, can be more dangerous and more disgusting than defeat if it violates eternal values and distorts the moral foundations of life.
3. Victory and defeat
Publius Sir - Roman poet, a contemporary of Caesar, believed that the most glorious victory is victory over oneself. It seems to me that every thinking person who has reached the age of majority should win at least one victory over himself, over his shortcomings. Perhaps it is laziness, fear or envy. But what is victory over oneself in peacetime? So petty struggle with personal flaws. And here is the victory in the war! When it comes to life and death, when everything around you becomes an enemy, ready to end your existence at any moment?
Alexei Meresyev, the hero of Boris Polevoy's Tale of a Real Man, withstood such a struggle. The pilot was shot down on his plane by a fascist fighter. The desperately bold act of Alexei, who entered into an unequal struggle with the whole link, ended in defeat. The downed plane crashed into the trees, softening the blow. The pilot who fell on the snow received serious foot injuries. But, despite the unbearable pain, he, overcoming his suffering, decided to move towards his own, taking several thousand steps a day. Each step becomes torture for Alexei: he “felt that he was weakening from tension and pain. Biting his lip, he continued walking. A few days later, blood poisoning began to spread throughout the body, and the pain became unbearable. Unable to stand up, he decided to crawl. Losing consciousness, he moved forward. On the eighteenth day, he reached the people. But the main test was ahead. Alexei had both feet amputated. He was discouraged. However, there was a man who was able to restore his faith in himself. Alexei realized that he could fly if he learned to walk on prostheses. And again, torment, suffering, the need to endure pain, overcoming one's weakness. The episode of the pilot's return to duty is shocking, when the hero tells the instructor, who made a remark about shoes, that his feet will not freeze, since they are not. The surprise of the instructor was indescribable. Such a victory over oneself is a real feat. It becomes clear what the words mean, that the strength of the spirit ensures victory.
In the story of M. Gorky "Chelkash" two people are in the center of attention, completely opposite in their mentality, goals in life. Chelkash is a tramp, a thief, a criminal. He is desperately bold, bold, his element is the sea, true freedom. Money is rubbish for him, he never seeks to save it. If they are (and he gets them, constantly risking his freedom and life), he spends them. If not, don't be sad. Another thing is Gabriel. He is a peasant, he came to the city to work, to build his own house, to get married, to start a household. In this he sees his happiness. Having agreed to the scam with Chelkash, he did not expect that it would be so scary. It is clear from his behavior how cowardly he is. However, when he sees a wad of money in the hands of Chelkash, he loses his mind. Money made him drunk. He is ready to kill the hated criminal, just to get the money he needs to build a house. Chelkash suddenly feels sorry for the unfortunate, unlucky failed murderer and gives him almost all the money. So, in my opinion, the Gorky tramp conquers in himself the hatred for Gavrila that arose at the first meeting, and takes the position of mercy. It seems that there is nothing special here, but I believe that to conquer hatred in oneself means to win not only over oneself, but also over the whole world.
So, victories begin with small forgiveness, honest deeds, with the ability to enter into the position of another. This is the beginning of a great victory, whose name is life.
1. Friendship and enmity
How difficult it is to define such a simple concept as friendship. Even in early childhood, we make friends, they somehow appear by themselves at school. But sometimes the opposite happens: former friends suddenly become enemies, and the whole world exudes hostility. In the dictionary, friendship refers to personal disinterested relationships between people based on love, trust, sincerity, mutual sympathy, common interests and hobbies. And enmity, according to linguists, is relations and actions imbued with hostility, hatred. How does the complex process of transition from love and sincerity to hostility, hatred and enmity take place? And to whom does love happen in friendship? To friend? Or to yourself?
In Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov's novel A Hero of Our Time, Pechorin, reflecting on friendship, claims that one person is always the slave of another, although no one admits this to himself. The hero of the novel believes that he is not capable of friendship. But Werner shows the most sincere feelings towards Pechorin. Yes, and Pechorin gives Werner the most positive assessment. It seems that more is needed for friendship? They understand each other so well. Starting an intrigue with Grushnitsky and Mary, Pechorin gets the most reliable ally in the person of Dr. Werner. But at the most crucial moment, Werner refuses to understand Pechorin. It seems natural to him to prevent a tragedy (on the eve he predicted that Grushnitsky would become Pechorin's new victim), but he does not stop the duel and allows the death of one of the duelists. Indeed, he obeys Pechorin, falling under the influence of his strong nature. But then he writes a note: "There is no evidence against you, and you can sleep peacefully ... if you can ... Goodbye."
In this "if you can" one hears a disclaimer, he considers himself entitled to reproach the "friend" for such an offense. But he no longer wants to know him: “Goodbye,” sounds irrevocably. Yes, a real friend would not have acted like that, he would have shared the responsibility and prevented the tragedy, not only in thoughts, but in deeds. So friendship (although Pechorin does not think so) turns into hostility.
Arkady Kirsanov and Yevgeny Bazarov come to the Kirsanov family estate to rest. This is how the story of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" begins. What made them friends? Common interests? Common cause? Mutual love and respect? But both of them are nihilists and do not take feelings for truth. Maybe Bazarov goes to Kirsanov only because it is convenient for him to travel half the way at the expense of a friend on the way home? .. In his relationship with Bazarov, Arkady discovers some new character traits in a friend every day. His ignorance of poetry, lack of understanding of music, self-confidence, boundless pride, especially when he claims that “no matter what the gods burn pots,” speaking of Kukshina and Sitnikov. Then love for Anna Sergeevna, with which his "friend-god" does not want to reconcile. Pride does not allow Bazarov to recognize his feelings. He would rather give up friends, love, than admit himself defeated. Saying goodbye to Arkady, he throws: “You are a nice fellow; but all the same, a soft liberal barich ... ”And although there is no hatred in these words, hostility is felt.
Friendship, true, real, is a rare phenomenon. The desire to be friends, mutual sympathy, common interests - these are just prerequisites for friendship. And whether it will develop to become time-tested depends only on patience and the ability to give up oneself, on self-love, in the first place. To love a friend is to think about his interests, and not about how you will look in the eyes of others, whether this will offend your pride. And the ability to get out of the conflict with dignity, respecting the opinion of a friend, but without compromising one's own principles, so that friendship does not turn into hostility.
2. Friendship and enmity
Among the eternal values, friendship has always occupied one of the very first places. But everyone understands friendship in their own way. Someone is looking for benefits in friends, some additional privileges in obtaining material benefits. But such friends before the first problem, before trouble. It is no coincidence that the proverb says: "friends are known in trouble." But the French philosopher M. Montaigne argued: "In friendship there are no other calculations and considerations, except for itself." And only such friendship is true.
In F. M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment", the relationship between Raskolnikov and Razumikhin can be considered an example of such friendship. Both are law students, both live in poverty, both are looking for additional income. But at one fine moment, infected with the idea of a superman, Raskolnikov drops everything and prepares for the “case”. Six months of constant soul-searching, searching for ways to deceive fate knock Raskolnikov out of the usual rhythm of life. He does not take translations, does not give lessons, does not go to classes, in general, does nothing. And yet, in a difficult moment, the heart leads him to a friend. Razumikhin is the exact opposite of Raskolnikov. He works, spins all the time, earning a penny, but these pennies are enough for him to live and even for fun. Raskolnikov seemed to be looking for an opportunity to get off the “path” he had taken, because “Razumikhin was also remarkable because no failures ever embarrassed him and no bad circumstances seemed to be able to crush him.” And Raskolnikov is crushed, brought to an extreme degree of despair. And Razumikhin, realizing that a friend (although Dostoevsky insistently writes "friend") in trouble no longer leaves him until the trial itself. And at the trial, he acts as the defender of Rodion and cites evidence of his spiritual generosity, nobility, testifying that "when he was at the university, from his last means he helped one of his poor and consumptive university comrades and almost supported him for six months." The sentence for double murder was reduced by almost half. Thus, Dostoevsky proves to us the idea of God's providence, that people are saved by people. And let someone say that Razumikhin did not lose by getting a beautiful wife, a friend's sister, but did he think about his own benefit? No, he was completely absorbed in caring for a person.
In I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, Andrey Stolz turns out to be no less generous and caring, who has been trying all his life to pull his friend Oblomov out of the swamp of his existence. He alone is able to lift Ilya Ilyich from the sofa, to give movement to his monotonous philistine life. Even when Oblomov finally settles with Pshchenitsyna, Andrei makes several more attempts to get him off the couch. Upon learning that Tarantiev, with the manager of Oblomovka, actually robbed a friend, he takes matters into his own hands and puts things in order. Although this does not save Oblomov. But Shtolz honestly fulfilled his duty to his friend, and after the death of an unlucky childhood friend, he takes his son to be raised, not wanting to leave the child in an environment that is literally covered in the mire of idleness, philistinism.
M. Montaigne argued: "In friendship there are no other calculations and considerations, except for itself."
Only such friendship is true. If a person who is called a friend suddenly starts, fawning, asking for help or starts settling scores for the service rendered, they say, I helped you out, and what did I do for me, give up such a friend! You will lose nothing but an envious look, an unfriendly word.
3. Friendship and enmity
Where do enemies come from? It has always been incomprehensible to me: when, why, why do people have enemies? How is enmity, hatred born, what in the human body directs this process? And now you already have an enemy, what to do with him? How to treat his personality, actions? To follow the path of retaliatory measures, according to the principle of an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth? But what will this enmity lead to? To the destruction of personality, to the destruction of good on a global scale. Suddenly all over the world? Probably, everyone in one way or another met with the problem of confrontation with enemies. How to overcome hatred towards such people?
V. Zheleznyakov's story "Scarecrow" shows the terrible story of a girl's collision with a class that declared a boycott on a person, on false suspicion, without understanding the justice of their own sentence. Lenka Bessoltseva - a compassionate girl with an open soul - having got into a new class, she found herself alone. Nobody wanted to be friends with her. And only the noble Dimka Somov stood up for her, extended a helping hand. It became especially scary when the same reliable friend betrayed Lena. Knowing that the girl was not to blame, he did not tell the truth to the frantic, embittered classmates. I was afraid. And he allowed her to poison for several days. When the truth was revealed, when everyone found out who was to blame for the unfair punishment of the entire class (cancellation of the long-awaited trip to Moscow), the anger of the schoolchildren now fell on Dimka. Thirsty for revenge, classmates demanded that everyone vote against Dimka. One Lenka refused to declare a boycott, because she herself went through all the horror of persecution: “I was at the stake ... And they chased me down the street. And I will never chase anyone ... And I will never poison anyone. At least kill!" With her desperately courageous and selfless act, Lena Bessoltseva teaches the whole class nobility, mercy and forgiveness. She rises above her own resentment and treats her tormentors and her traitor friend equally.
In the little tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri" the complex work of the consciousness of the recognized greatest composer of the eighteenth century - Salieri is shown. The friendship of Antonio Salieri and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was based on the envy of a successful, hardworking, but not so talented composer, recognized by the whole society, rich and successful to a younger, but so sparkling, bright, extremely talented, but poor and not recognized person during his lifetime. Of course, the version of the poisoning of a friend has long been debunked, and even a two-hundred-year-old veto on the performance of Salieri's works has been lifted. But the story, thanks to which Salieri remained in memory (largely because of Pushkin's play), teaches us not to always trust friends, they can pour poison into your glass, only from good intentions: to save justice for the sake of your noble name.
Friend-traitor, friend-enemy... where is the boundary of these states. How often is a person able to move into the camp of your enemies, change his attitude towards you? Happy is he who has never lost friends. Therefore, I think that Menander was still right, and friends and enemies should be judged equally, so as not to sin against honor and dignity, against conscience. However, mercy must never be forgotten. It is above all laws of justice.
It is impossible not to agree with the statement of George Bernand Shaw: "The wisdom of people is measured not by their experience, but by their ability to experience." However, we must first understand the concept of "experience". In my opinion, experience is the totality of all the mistakes made by a person, but only those mistakes that a person has accepted and put up with. Only by accepting his mistake, and having carefully analyzed it, does a person gain life experience. By "ability to experience" Bernand Shaw means precisely the ability of a person to accept his mistakes, even despite their crushing effect and irreversibility. This is the kind of person who is wise.
In the work of Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" we can find confirmation of this. The protagonist of the novel is Yevgeny Bazarov, a representative of a new generation, whose views are based on nihilism - the denial of everything. Eugene is proud and proud. He is a business man. Bazarov, in any setting, in any home, tries to do his job. His path is the natural sciences, the study of nature and the verification of theoretical discoveries in practice. For a long time, Bazarov lives by this principle. However, the meeting with Anna Odintsova completely changes the life of the hero. Love, in the existence of which he did not believe, came to him. The natural impulses of the heart deny the theoretical laws by which Bazarov tried to live. Eugene for a long time cannot accept his mistake and the fallacy of his theory. Only in the face of death does enlightenment come to him. It is he who acquires an understanding of what is really important in life. Our hero accepted his mistake, but, unfortunately, too late. If Eugene had accepted it earlier, then perhaps his life would have played with completely new colors and would not have ended so tragically.
Now let us recall the work of F.M. Dostoevsky "The Humiliated and Insulted" One of the main lines of the novel is the quarrel between Nikolai Ikhmenev and his daughter Natasha. Natasha, who loves "like crazy", runs away from home with the son of an enemy of the family. The old man considers his daughter's act a betrayal and, perceiving this as a shame, curses his daughter. Natasha is deeply worried: she has lost everything that was valuable to her in life: her good name, honor, love and family. Nikolai Ikhmenev is madly in love with his daughter, experiences severe mental anguish, but for a long time does not dare to take her back to the house. Nellie changed everything. A girl born illegitimately, having lost her mother in childhood, doomed to hate humanity, some of whose representatives have caused her so much pain, reunites her family. Thanks to her story about the relationship between her mother and grandfather, Nikolai Sergeevich realizes the sinfulness of his act and himself rushes to the feet of his daughter Natasha with a request to forgive him. Everything ends well. The father could not accept his mistake for a long time, but, nevertheless, he was able to do it.
Thus, we note that the mistakes we make often have a huge impact on life, but it is very important not to be afraid to accept this crushing defeat and move on in life with the acquired life experience. I will end my essay with the statement of Thomas Carlyle “Nothing teaches like the consciousness of one's mistake. This is one of the main means of self-education.
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Direction "Experience and mistakes"
An example of an essay on the topic: “Experience is the son of difficult mistakes”
Life experience… What does it consist of? Of the committed deeds, spoken words, decisions made, both right and wrong. Often experience is the conclusions that we draw, making mistakes. There is a question: how is life different from school? The answer sounds like this: life gives a test before the lesson. Indeed, sometimes a person unexpectedly finds himself in a difficult situation and can make the wrong decision, commit a rash act. Sometimes his actions lead to tragic consequences. And only later does he realize that he made a mistake, and learns the lesson taught to him by life.
Let's turn to literary examples. In V. Oseeva's story "The Red Cat" we see two boys who learned a life lesson from their own mistake. Having accidentally broken a window, they were sure that the hostess, an elderly lonely woman, would certainly complain to their parents and then punishment could not be avoided. In revenge, they stole her pet, a ginger cat, from her and gave it to an unfamiliar old woman. However, the boys soon realized that by their act they had caused unspeakable grief to Marya Pavlovna, because the cat was the only reminder of the woman’s only son who died early. Seeing how she suffered, the boys felt sympathy for her, realized that they had made a terrible mistake, and tried to correct her. They found the cat and returned it to its owner. We see how they change throughout the story. If at the beginning of the story they are guided by selfish motives, fear, the desire to avoid responsibility, then at the end the characters no longer think about themselves, their actions are dictated by compassion, the desire to help. Life taught them an important lesson, and the guys learned it.
Let us recall the story of A. Mass “The Trap”. It describes the act of a girl named Valentina. The heroine has a dislike towards his brother's wife Rita. This feeling is so strong that Valentina decides to set a trap for her daughter-in-law: dig a hole and disguise it so that Rita, having stepped on it, will fall. She carries out her plan, and Rita falls into a prepared trap. Only suddenly it turns out that she was in her fifth month of pregnancy and as a result of a fall she could lose a child. Valentina is horrified by what she has done. She did not want to kill anyone, especially a child! Now she will have to live with an enduring sense of guilt. Having made, perhaps, an irreparable mistake, the heroine has gained, although bitter, but valuable life experience, which in the future, perhaps, will save her from wrong steps, change her attitude towards people and herself, and make her think about the consequences of her actions.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to add that experience, being often the result of “difficult mistakes”, has a great influence on our future life. With experience comes the understanding of many important truths, the worldview changes, our decisions become more balanced. And this is its main value.
(394 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "Is the experience of previous generations important to us?"
Is the experience of previous generations important to us? Reflecting on this question, it is impossible not to come to the answer: of course, yes. The experience of our fathers and grandfathers, of all our people, is undoubtedly significant for us, because the wisdom accumulated over the centuries shows us the way forward, helps us avoid many mistakes. Thus, the older generation of Russians passed the test of the Great Patriotic War. The war left an indelible mark on the hearts of those who had a chance to see the horrors of the war days with their own eyes. The current generation, although they know about them only by hearsay, from books and films, stories of veterans, also understands that there is nothing worse and cannot be. The bitter experience of the harsh war years teaches us not to forget how much grief and suffering war can bring. We must remember this so that the tragedy does not repeat itself again and again.
The terrible trials of the war days are clearly shown in the works of Russian and foreign literature. Let us recall A. Likhanov's novel "My General". In the chapter “Another story. About the trumpeter" the author tells about a man who ended up in a concentration camp during the Great Patriotic War. He was a trumpeter, and the Germans forced him, along with other captive musicians, to play cheerful melodies, escorting people to the "banya". Only it was not a bath at all, but furnaces where prisoners were burned, and the musicians knew about it. It is impossible to read without a shudder the lines that describe the atrocities of the Nazis. Nikolai, that was the name of the hero of this story, miraculously survived after the execution. The author shows what terrible trials befell his hero. He was released from the camp, he learned that his family - his wife and child - had disappeared during the bombing. He searched for his loved ones for a long time, and then he realized that the war had destroyed them too. Likhanov describes the state of the hero’s soul in this way: “It was as if a trumpeter had died. Alive, but not alive. He walks, eats, drinks, but it's not like he walks, eats, drinks. And another person completely. Before the war, he loved music most of all. After the war, he can't hear." The reader understands that the wound inflicted on a person by war will never heal to the end.
In K.Simonov's poem "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage" the tragedy of the war is also shown. We see a little boy, whom his father took out of the Brest Fortress. The child presses a toy to his chest, and he himself is gray-haired. The reader understands what childish trials fell to his lot: his mother died, and in just a few days he himself saw so much terrible that it is impossible to put into words. No wonder the writer says: "For ten years in the next and this world, these ten days will be credited to him." We see that the war spares no one: neither adults nor children. And there is no more important lesson for future generations: we must preserve peace on the planet, not allow the tragedy to repeat itself again.
Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: the experience of previous generations teaches us not to repeat tragic mistakes, warns against wrong decisions. The experiment conducted by the journalists of Channel One is indicative. They approached people on the street with the question: is it necessary to launch a preemptive strike on the United States? And ALL respondents unequivocally answered “no”. The experiment showed that the current generation of Russians, who know about the tragic experience of their fathers and grandfathers, understands that war brings only horror and pain, and does not want this to happen again.
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An example of an essay on the topic: "What mistakes can be called irreparable?"
Is it possible to live life without making mistakes? I think not. A person walking along the path of life is not immune from a wrong step. Sometimes he does things that lead to tragic consequences, the price of wrong decisions is someone's life. And, although a person eventually understands that he did wrong, nothing can be changed.
An irreparable mistake is made by the heroine of the fairy tale N.D. Teleshov "White Heron". Princess Isolde wished to have an unusual wedding dress, including a heron tuft decoration. She knew that for the sake of this crest, the heron would need to be killed, but this did not stop the princess. Just think, one heron! She will die sooner or later anyway. Isolde's selfish desire turned out to be the strongest of all. Later, she learned that for the sake of beautiful crested herons, they began to kill thousands of herons and eventually completely destroyed them. The princess was shocked to learn that because of her, their entire family was exterminated. She realized that she had made a terrible mistake, which now could not be corrected. At the same time, this story became a cruel lesson for Isolde, made her think about her actions and their consequences. The heroine decided that she would never harm anyone again, moreover, she would do good, would think not about herself, but about others.
Recall the story "Vacations on Mars" by R. Bradbury. It describes a family that flew to Mars. At first it seems that this is a pleasure trip, but later we learn that the heroes are one of the few who managed to escape from Earth. Mankind has made a terrible, irreparable mistake: “Science has pulled ahead too fast and too far, and people got lost in the maze of machines… They were not doing that; endlessly invented more and more new machines - instead of learning how to manage them. We see the tragic consequences this led to. Carried away by scientific and technological progress, people forgot about the most important thing and began to destroy each other: "Wars became more and more destructive and eventually destroyed the Earth ... The Earth died." Mankind itself destroyed its planet, its home. The author shows that the mistake made by people is irreparable. However, for a handful of survivors, it will be a bitter lesson. Perhaps humanity, continuing to live on Mars, will choose a different path of development and avoid a repetition of such a tragedy.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to add: some mistakes made by people lead to tragic consequences that cannot be corrected. However, even the most bitter experience is our teacher, which helps to reconsider our attitude to the world and warns against repeating the wrong steps.
An example of an essay on the topic: "What adds reading experience to life experience?"
What adds reader experience to life experience? Reflecting on this question, it is impossible not to come to the answer: by reading books, we draw the wisdom of generations. Should a person learn important truths only from his own experience? Of course not. Books give him the opportunity to learn from the mistakes of heroes, to comprehend the experience of all mankind. Lessons learned from the works read will help a person make the right decisions, warn against making mistakes.
Let's turn to literary examples. So, in the work of V. Oseeva "Grandma" tells about an elderly woman, who was treated with disdain in the family. The main character in the family was not respected, often reproached, they did not even consider it necessary to say hello. They were rude to her, they even called her only “grandmother”. No one appreciated what she did for loved ones, and yet she cleaned, washed, and cooked all day long. Her concern did not evoke a sense of gratitude from the family, it was taken for granted. The author emphasizes the selfless, all-forgiving love of the grandmother for her children and grandson. A lot of time passed before Bork's grandson began to understand how he and his parents were wrong towards her, because not once any of them said a kind word to her. The first impetus was a conversation with a friend who said that in his family his grandmother is the most important, because she raised everyone. This made Borka think about the attitude towards his own grandmother. However, only after her death, Borka realized how much she loved her family, how much she did for her. Awareness of mistakes, a painful sense of guilt and belated repentance came only when nothing could be corrected. A deep sense of guilt seizes the hero, but nothing can be changed, the grandmother cannot be returned, which means that one cannot say words of forgiveness and belated gratitude. This story teaches us to appreciate close people while they are around, to show attention and love to them. Undoubtedly, this important truth a person must learn before it is too late, and the bitter experience of a literary hero will help the reader to avoid a similar mistake in his own life.
A. Mass's story "The Difficult Exam" speaks of the experience of overcoming difficulties. The main character is a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to endure a difficult test. The heroine dreamed of becoming an actress, she wanted her parents to come to the performance at the children's camp and appreciate her game. She tried very hard, but she was disappointed: on the appointed day, her parents never arrived. Overwhelmed by a sense of desperation, she decided not to go on stage. The teacher's arguments helped her cope with her feelings. Anya realized that she should not let her comrades down, she needed to learn to control herself and complete her task, no matter what. And so it happened, she played the best. It was this incident that taught the heroine to control herself. The first experience of overcoming difficulties helped the girl achieve her goal - later she became a famous actress. The writer wants to teach us a lesson: no matter how strong negative feelings are, we must be able to cope with them and go towards our goal, despite disappointments and failures. The experience of the heroine of the story will help the reader to think about their own behavior in difficult situations, point out the right path.
Thus, we can say that the reader's experience plays an important role in human life: literature gives us the opportunity to understand important truths, shapes our worldview. Books are a source of light that illuminates our life path.
An example of an essay on the topic: “What events and impressions of life help a person grow up, gain experience?”
What events and impressions of life help a person grow up, gain experience? Answering this question, we can say that these can be a variety of events.
The fastest way a child grows up is when it finds itself in a difficult situation, for example, during a war. The war takes away his loved ones, people are dying before his eyes, the world is crumbling. Experiencing grief and suffering, he begins to perceive reality differently, and this is where his childhood ends.
Let us turn to the poem by K. Simonov "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage." We see a little boy, whom his father took out of the Brest Fortress. The child presses a toy to his chest, and he himself is gray-haired. The reader understands what childish trials fell to his lot: his mother died, and in just a few days he himself saw so much terrible that it is impossible to put into words. No wonder the writer says: "For ten years in the next and this world, these ten days will be credited to him." War cripples the soul, takes away childhood, makes you grow up prematurely.
But not only suffering gives impetus to growing up. For a child, the experience that he gains when he makes decisions on his own, learns to be responsible not only for himself, but also for others, begins to take care of someone is important.
So, in A. Aleksin's story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." the main character Sergei Emelyanov, accidentally reading a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his first impulse was to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him choose a different path. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. The author emphasizes that it is this life experience of the hero that makes him more mature, not without reason Sergey admits: “Perhaps the need to become someone's protector, deliverer came to me as the first call of male adulthood. You can't forget that first person who needed you."
Summing up what has been said, we can conclude that a child grows up when turning points come in his life that radically change his life.
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Direction "Mind and feelings"
An example of an essay on the topic: “Should reason prevail over feelings”?
Should reason take precedence over feelings? In my opinion, there is no single answer to this question. In some situations, you should listen to the voice of reason, and in other situations, on the contrary, you need to act in accordance with feelings. Let's look at a few examples.
So, if a person is possessed by negative feelings, one should curb them, listen to the arguments of reason. For example, A. Mass "Difficult Exam" refers to a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to withstand a difficult test. The heroine dreamed of becoming an actress, she wanted her parents to come to the performance at the children's camp and appreciate her game. She tried very hard, but she was disappointed: on the appointed day, her parents never arrived. Overwhelmed by a sense of desperation, she decided not to go on stage. The reasonable arguments of the teacher helped her cope with her feelings. Anya realized that she should not let her comrades down, she needed to learn to control herself and complete her task, no matter what. And so it happened, she played the best. The writer wants to teach us a lesson: no matter how strong negative feelings are, we must be able to cope with them, listen to the mind, which tells us the right decision.
However, the mind does not always give the right advice. Sometimes it happens that actions dictated by rational arguments lead to negative consequences. Let us turn to A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik was passionate about his work. He enjoyed designing machine parts. When he talked about it, his eyes sparkled. But at the same time, he earned little, but he could have moved to the shop and received a higher salary, as his mother-in-law constantly reminded him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to the pressure of the family, the hero sacrificed his feelings for reason: he abandoned his favorite business in favor of earning money. What did it lead to? Tolik's father felt deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and as if calling. They call for help, as if a person is scared, as if he was mortally wounded. If earlier he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now it is a deaf longing. This was not the kind of life he dreamed of. The writer shows that decisions that are not always reasonable at first glance are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.
Thus, we can conclude: when deciding whether to act in accordance with reason or feelings, a person must take into account the characteristics of a particular situation.
An example of an essay on the topic: "Should a person live in obedience to feelings?"
Should a person live in obedience to feelings? In my opinion, there is no single answer to this question. In some situations, one should listen to the voice of the heart, and in other situations, on the contrary, one should not succumb to feelings, one should listen to the arguments of reason. Let's look at a few examples.
So, in the story of V. Rasputin "French Lessons" it is said about the teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, who could not remain indifferent to the plight of her student. The boy was starving and, in order to get money for a glass of milk, he gambled. Lidia Mikhailovna tried to invite him to the table and even sent him a parcel with food, but the hero rejected her help. Then she decided to take extreme measures: she herself began to play with him for money. Of course, the voice of reason could not help but tell her that she was violating the ethical standards of the relationship between teacher and student, transgressing the boundaries of what was permitted, that she would be fired for this. But the feeling of compassion prevailed, and Lidia Mikhailovna violated the generally accepted rules of the teacher's behavior in order to help the child. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that “good feelings” are more important than reasonable norms.
However, sometimes it happens that a person is possessed by negative feelings: anger, resentment. Overwhelmed by them, he commits bad deeds, although, of course, he is consciously aware that he is doing evil. The consequences can be tragic. A. Mass's story "The Trap" describes the act of a girl named Valentina. The heroine has a dislike towards his brother's wife Rita. This feeling is so strong that Valentina decides to set a trap for her daughter-in-law: dig a hole and disguise it so that Rita, having stepped on it, will fall. The girl cannot but understand that she is doing a bad deed, but her feelings take precedence over reason in her. She carries out her plan, and Rita falls into a prepared trap. Only suddenly it turns out that she was in her fifth month of pregnancy and as a result of a fall she could lose a child. Valentina is horrified by what she has done. She did not want to kill anyone, especially a child! "How can I live on?" she asks and finds no answer. The author leads us to the idea that one should not succumb to the power of negative feelings, because they provoke cruel acts, which later will have to be bitterly regretted.
Thus, we can come to the conclusion: you can obey feelings if they are kind, bright; the negative ones should be curbed, listening to the voice of reason.
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An example of an essay on the topic: "The dispute between reason and feeling ..."
The dispute between reason and feeling... This confrontation is eternal. Sometimes the voice of reason turns out to be stronger in us, and sometimes we follow the dictates of feelings. In some situations, there is no right choice. Listening to feelings, a person will sin against moral standards; listening to reason, he will suffer. There may not be a path that would lead to a successful resolution of the situation.
So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" the author tells about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails over her feelings in her, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity, but condemns both herself and her lover to suffering. Could the heroes find happiness if she made a different decision? Hardly. A Russian proverb says: “You can’t build your other happiness on misfortune.” The tragedy of the heroine's fate is that the choice between reason and feeling in her situation is a choice without a choice, any decision will only lead to suffering.
Let us turn to the work of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The writer shows what choice one of the heroes, Andriy, faced. On the one hand, he has a feeling of love for a beautiful Polish woman, on the other hand, he is a Cossack, one of those who besieged the city. The beloved understands that he and Andriy cannot be together: “And I know what your duty and covenant is: your name is father, comrades, fatherland, and we are your enemies.” But Andriy's feelings take precedence over all the arguments of reason. He chooses love, in the name of it he is ready to betray his homeland and family: “What is my father, comrades and homeland to me! .. Fatherland is what our soul is looking for, which is dearest to her. My homeland is you! .. And everything that is, I will sell, give, ruin for such a homeland! The writer shows that a wonderful feeling of love can push a person to terrible deeds: we see that Andriy turns weapons against his former comrades, together with the Poles he fights against the Cossacks, including his brother and father. On the other hand, could he leave his beloved to die of hunger in a besieged city, perhaps become a victim of the cruelty of the Cossacks in the event of its capture? We see that in this situation the right choice is hardly possible, any path leads to tragic consequences.
Summing up what has been said, we can conclude that, reflecting on the dispute between reason and feeling, it is impossible to say unequivocally which should win.
An example of an essay on the topic: "A great person can also be thanks to his feelings - not only to his mind." (Theodore Dreiser)
"A great person can also be thanks to his feelings - not only to the mind," - Theodore Dreiser argued. Indeed, not only a scientist or commander can be called great. The greatness of a person can be concluded in bright thoughts, the desire to do good. Such feelings as mercy, compassion, can move us to noble deeds. Listening to the voice of feelings, a person helps people around him, makes the world a better place and becomes cleaner himself. I will try to support my idea with literary examples.
In B. Ekimov's story "The Night of Healing", the author tells about the boy Borka, who comes to his grandmother for the holidays. The old woman often sees wartime nightmares in her dreams, and this makes her scream at night. The mother gives the hero reasonable advice: “She will only start talking in the evening, and you shout:“ Be silent! She stops. We tried". Borka is going to do just that, but the unexpected happens: “the boy’s heart was flooded with pity and pain,” as soon as he heard the groans of his grandmother. He can no longer follow reasonable advice, he is dominated by a feeling of compassion. Borka soothes the grandmother until she falls asleep peacefully. He is willing to do this every night so that healing can come to her. The author wants to convey to us the idea of the need to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in accordance with good feelings.
A. Aleksin tells about the same in the story “In the meantime, somewhere ...” The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence in him over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to hand over a ticket to the sea. The author shows that sometimes actions dictated by a sense of mercy can help a person.
Thus, we come to the conclusion: a big heart, just like a big mind, can lead a person to true greatness. Good deeds and pure thoughts testify to the greatness of the soul.
An example of an essay on the topic: “Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions.” (Chamfort)
“Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions,” Chamfort argued. And indeed, there is grief from the mind. Making a reasonable decision at first glance, a person can make a mistake. This happens when the mind and heart are not in harmony, when all his feelings protest against the chosen path, when, having acted in accordance with the arguments of the mind, he feels unhappy.
Let's turn to literary examples. A. Aleksin in the story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." talks about a boy named Sergey Emelyanov. The protagonist accidentally learns about the existence of his father's ex-wife and about her misfortune. Once her husband left her, and this was a heavy blow for the woman. But now a much more terrible test awaits her. The adopted son decided to leave her. He found his biological parents and chose them. Shurik does not even want to say goodbye to Nina Georgievna, although she raised him from childhood. When he leaves, he takes all his things. He is guided by seemingly reasonable considerations: he does not want to upset his adoptive mother with goodbye, he believes that his things will only remind her of her grief. He realizes that it is difficult for her, but considers it reasonable to live with her newly found parents. Aleksin emphasizes that with his actions, so deliberate and balanced, Shurik inflicts a cruel blow on the woman who loves him selflessly, causing her inexpressible pain. The writer leads us to the idea that sometimes reasonable actions can cause grief.
A completely different situation is described in A. Likhanov's story "Labyrinth". The father of the protagonist Tolik is passionate about his work. He enjoys designing machine parts. When he talks about it, his eyes sparkle. But at the same time, he earns little, but he can move to the shop and receive a higher salary, as his mother-in-law constantly reminds him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to the pressure of the family, the hero sacrifices his feelings for reason: he refuses his favorite job in favor of earning money. What does this lead to? Tolik's father feels deeply unhappy: “The eyes are sick and as if calling. They call for help, as if a person is scared, as if he was mortally wounded. If earlier he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now it is a deaf longing. This is not the kind of life he dreams of. The writer shows that decisions that are not always reasonable at first glance are correct, sometimes, listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that a person, following the advice of reason, will not forget about the voice of feelings.
An example of an essay on the topic: “What rules the world - reason or feeling?”
What rules the world - reason or feeling? At first glance, it seems that the mind dominates. He invents, plans, controls. However, man is not only a rational being, but also endowed with feelings. He hates and loves, rejoices and suffers. And it is the feelings that allow him to feel happy or unhappy. Moreover, it is the feelings that make him create, invent, change the world. If there were no feelings, the mind would not create its outstanding creations.
Let us recall the novel by J. London "Martin Eden". The main character studied a lot, became a famous writer. But what prompted him to work on himself day and night, to tirelessly create? The answer is simple: it is the feeling of love. Martin's heart was won by a girl from high society, Ruth Morse. In order to win her favor, to win her heart, Martin tirelessly improves himself, overcomes obstacles, endures need and hunger on the way to writing. It is love that inspires him, helps him find himself and reach the heights. Without this feeling, he would have remained a simple semi-literate sailor, would not have written his outstanding works.
Let's turn to another example. The novel by V. Kaverin "Two Captains" describes how the main character Sanya devoted himself to searching for the missing expedition of Captain Tatarinov. He managed to prove that it was Ivan Lvovich who had the honor of discovering the Northern Land. What prompted Sanya to go to his goal for many years? Cold mind? Not at all. He was driven by a sense of justice, because for many years it was believed that the captain died through his own fault: he "carelessly handled state property." In fact, the true culprit was Nikolai Antonovich, because of which most of the equipment turned out to be unusable. He was in love with the wife of Captain Tatarinov and deliberately doomed him to death. Sanya accidentally found out about this and most of all wanted justice to prevail. It was the sense of justice and love of truth that prompted the hero to relentless search and ultimately led to a historical discovery.
Summing up all that has been said, we can conclude: the world is ruled by feelings. To paraphrase the famous phrase of Turgenev, we can say that only they keep and move life. Feelings induce our mind to create something new, to make discoveries.
An example of an essay on the topic: “Mind and feelings: harmony or confrontation?” (Chamfort)
Reason and feelings: harmony or confrontation? It seems that there is no single answer to this question. Of course, it happens that the mind and feelings coexist in harmony. Moreover, as long as there is this harmony, we do not ask ourselves such questions. It's like air: while it's there, we don't notice it, but if it's not enough... However, there are situations when mind and feelings come into conflict. Probably, every person at least once in his life felt that his "mind and heart are out of tune." An internal struggle arises, and it is difficult to imagine what will prevail: reason or heart.
So, for example, in A. Aleksin's story "In the meantime, somewhere ..." we see the confrontation between reason and feelings. The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. The woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband, and now by her adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Serezha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the most terrible misfortune - loneliness. And when his father offers him to go on vacation to the sea, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will be fine. Yes, you can promise to come to her during the winter holidays. All this is quite reasonable. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence in him over these considerations. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to hand over a ticket to the sea. The author shows that the feeling of compassion wins.
Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". The author tells about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that she dreamed about it. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, she cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason prevails over her feelings in her, and she refuses Onegin. Above love, the heroine puts moral duty, marital fidelity.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to add that reason and feelings underlie our being. I would like them to balance each other, allow us to live in harmony with ourselves and with the world around us.
Direction "Honor and dishonor"
An example of an essay on the topic: "How do you understand the words" honor "and" dishonor "?
Honor and dishonor ... Probably, many thought about what these words mean. Honor is self-esteem, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life. At the heart of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow one to fight for ideals, forcing one to commit vile deeds. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.
Many writers have addressed the theme of honor and dishonor. So, in the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov" it is said about two partisans who were taken prisoner. One of them, Sotnikov, courageously endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed in the morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the thoughts of the hero: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his position, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went to reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is a commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest are not here." It is indicative that before death a partisan thinks not about himself, but about the salvation of others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero courageously meets death, not for a minute does the thought come to him to beg the enemy for mercy, to become a traitor. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are above the fear of death.
Comrade Sotnikova, Rybak, behaves quite differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, he only thinks about saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended, not indignant, on the contrary, he “felt acutely and joyfully - he would live! There was an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - later. Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: “He did not at all intend to give them partisan secrets, much less join the police, although he understood that it would not be easy to evade her.” He hopes that "he will get out and then he will certainly pay off these bastards ...". An inner voice tells Rybak that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - is this not enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, if only they would not be killed, tortured during interrogations. If only to break out of this cage, and he will not allow himself anything bad. Is he his enemy? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.
The writer shows the successive stages of Rybak's moral decline. Here he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that "there is no great fault for him." In his opinion, “he had more opportunities and cheated in order to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, he was not going to become a German servant. He kept waiting to seize a convenient moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him ... "
And now Rybak takes part in the execution of Sotnikov. Bykov emphasizes that even Rybak is trying to find an excuse for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is it him? He just pulled out this stump. And then by order of the police. And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally understands: "There was no longer any way to escape from this ranks." V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor chosen by Rybak is a path to nowhere.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that we, faced with a difficult choice, will not forget about the highest values: honor, duty, courage.
An example of an essay on the topic: "In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed?"
In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed? Reflecting on this issue, one cannot but come to the conclusion that both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.
Thus, in wartime, a soldier may face death. He can accept death with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and not tarnishing military honor. At the same time, he may try to save his life by embarking on the path of betrayal.
Let us turn to the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov". We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, endures severe torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains self-respect and, before execution, accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out a stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people are manifested. Honor here is loyalty to duty, and dishonor is a synonym for cowardice and betrayal.
The concepts of honor and dishonor are revealed not only during the war. The need to pass a test of moral strength may arise before everyone, even a child. To preserve honor means to try to protect one's dignity and pride, to know dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, being afraid to fight back.
V. Aksyonov tells about this in the story “Breakfasts of the forty-third year”. The narrator was regularly the victim of stronger classmates who regularly took away from him not only breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took her from me. He took everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero was not just sorry for the lost, the constant humiliation, the awareness of his own weakness, was unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself, to resist. And although physically he could not defeat the three overage hooligans, but the moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only his breakfast, but also his honor, to overcome his fear became an important milestone in his growing up, the formation of his personality. The writer brings us to the conclusion: one must be able to defend one's honor.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that in any situation we will remember honor and dignity, we will be able to overcome spiritual weakness, we will not allow ourselves to fall morally.
(363 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "What does it mean to walk the path of honor?"
What does it mean to walk the path of honor? Let us turn to the explanatory dictionary: "Honor is the moral qualities of a person worthy of respect and pride." Walking the path of honor means standing up for your moral principles no matter what. The right path can be fraught with the risk of losing something important: work, health, life itself. Following the path of honor, we must overcome fear of other people and difficult circumstances, sometimes sacrifice a lot in order to defend our honor.
Let us turn to the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. For carelessly spoken words, they were going to shoot him. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-minded person would have done just that. But the hero is ready to defend the honor of a soldier in the face of death. On the offer of the commandant Muller to drink for the victory of German weapons, he refuses and agrees to drink only for his own death as a deliverance from torment. Sokolov behaves confidently and calmly, refusing snacks, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explains his behavior in this way: “I wanted to show them, the damned, that although I’m dying of hunger, I’m not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride and that they didn’t turn me into cattle, as didn't try." Sokolov's act aroused respect for him even from the enemy. The German commandant recognized the moral victory of the Soviet soldier and saved his life. The author wants to convey to the reader the idea that even in the face of death, honor and dignity must be preserved.
It is not only a soldier who must follow the path of honor in time of war. Each of us must be ready to defend our dignity in difficult situations. In almost every class there is a tyrant - a student who keeps everyone else in fear. Physically strong and cruel, he delights in torturing the weak. What to do to someone who is constantly faced with humiliation? To endure dishonor or stand up for your own dignity? The answer to these questions is given by A. Likhanov in the story "Clean Pebbles". The writer talks about Mihaska, an elementary school student. He more than once became a victim of Savvatey and his cronies. The hooligan was on duty every morning at the elementary school and robbed the children, taking away everything that he liked. Moreover, he did not miss the opportunity to humiliate his victim: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook from a bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after moving a few steps later, throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots about them.” Savvatei specifically “was on duty at this particular school, because in elementary school they study until the fourth grade and the guys are all small.” Mikhaska experienced more than once what humiliation means: once Savvatei took away from him an album with stamps, which belonged to Mikhaska's father and therefore was especially dear to him, another time a hooligan set fire to his new jacket. True to his principle of humiliating the victim, Savvatei ran a “dirty, sweaty paw” over his face. The author shows that Mikhaska could not stand the bullying and decided to fight back against a strong and ruthless opponent, before whom the whole school, even adults, trembled. The hero grabbed a stone and was ready to hit Savvatea, but suddenly he retreated. He retreated because he felt Mihaska's inner strength, his readiness to defend his human dignity to the end. The writer focuses our attention on the fact that it was the determination to defend one's honor that helped Mikhaska win a moral victory.
Walking the path of honor means standing up for others. So, Pyotr Grinev in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" fought a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, being rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to offend the girl with vile allusions. Grinev could not bear it. As a decent man, he went to the duel and was ready to die, but to defend the honor of the girl.
Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that every person will have the courage to choose the path of honor.
(582 words)
An example of an essay on the topic: "Honor is more precious than life"
In life, situations often arise when we are faced with a choice: to act in accordance with moral rules or to make a deal with conscience, to sacrifice moral principles. It would seem that everyone would have to choose the right path, the path of honor. But it's often not that easy. Especially if the price of the right decision is life. Are we ready to go to death in the name of honor and duty?
Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". The author tells about the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his heroes made: Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress and Ivan Ignatievich, showed courage, was ready to die, but not disgrace the honor of the uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign, refused to change the military oath: “No,” I answered with firmness. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.” With all bluntness, Grinev told Pugachev that he might fight against him, fulfilling his officer's duty: “You know, it’s not my will: they tell me to go against you - I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse service when my service is needed? The hero understands that his honesty can cost him his life, but the feeling of long and honor prevails in him over fear. The sincerity and courage of the hero so impressed Pugachev that he saved Grinev's life and let him go.
Sometimes a person is ready to defend, not sparing even his own life, not only his honor, but also the honor of loved ones, family. It is impossible to meekly endure an insult, even if it is inflicted by a person who is higher on the social ladder. Dignity and honor above all.
M.Yu. tells about it. Lermontov in "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov". The guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible liked Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love. The offended woman asks her husband for intercession: “Don’t let me, your faithful wife, / Evil swindlers in reproach!” The author emphasizes that the merchant does not doubt for a second what decision he should make. Of course, he understands what the confrontation with the royal favorite threatens him with, but the honest name of the family is more precious than even life itself: And such an insult cannot be tolerated by the soul
Yes, a brave heart cannot bear it.
How tomorrow will be a fistfight
On the Moscow River in the presence of the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman,
I will fight to the death, to the last strength ...
And indeed, Kalashnikov goes out to fight against Kiribeevich. For him, this is not a fight for fun, this is a fight for honor and dignity, a battle not for life, but for death:
Not to joke, not to make people laugh
I came out to you, son of a fool, -
I went out to a terrible battle, to the last battle!
He knows that the truth is on his side, and he is ready to die for it:
I will stand up for the truth to the last!
Lermontov shows that the merchant defeated Kiribeevich, having washed away the insult with blood. However, fate prepares a new test for him: Ivan the Terrible orders Kalashnikov to be executed for killing his pet. The merchant could justify himself, tell the king why he killed the guardsman, but did not do this. After all, this would mean publicly dishonoring the honest name of his wife. He is ready to go to the block, defending the honor of the family, to accept death with dignity. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that there is nothing more important for a person than his dignity, and you need to protect him, no matter what.
Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: honor is above everything, even life itself.
An example of an essay on the topic: "To deprive another of the honor means to lose one's own"
What is dishonor? On the one hand, this is a lack of dignity, weakness of character, cowardice, inability to overcome fear of circumstances or people. On the other hand, dishonor is also brought on by a seemingly strong person if he allows himself to defame others, or even simply mock the weaker ones, humiliate the defenseless.
So, in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, slanders her in revenge, allows himself insulting allusions to her. So, in a conversation with Pyotr Grinev, he claims that it is not necessary to seek Masha's favor with verses, hints at her accessibility: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings. My blood boiled.
- And why do you think so about her? I asked, holding back my indignation with difficulty.
“Because,” he answered with an infernal grin, “I know from experience her temper and custom.”
Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the honor of the girl just because she did not reciprocate. The writer leads us to the idea that a person who acts vilely cannot be proud of an unsullied honor.
Another example is A. Likhanov's story "Clean Pebbles". A character named Savvatey keeps the whole school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating those who are weaker. The hooligan regularly robs the students, mocks them: “Sometimes he snatched a textbook or notebook out of his bag instead of a bun and threw it into a snowdrift or took it for himself, so that, after stepping back a few steps, he threw it under his feet and wiped his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a "dirty, sweaty paw" across the victim's face. He constantly humiliates even his "sixes": "Savvatey looked angrily at the guy, took him by the nose and pulled him hard", he "stood next to Sasha, leaning on his head." Encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.
Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: a person who humiliates dignity or discredits the good name of other people deprives himself of honor, dooms him to contempt on the part of others.
