Evgeny Bazarov preferred to defend the ideas of nihilism. The main character of the novel I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" is a young nihilist Yevgeny Bazarov. In the course of reading, we learn the ideas of this trend.
Our hero followed in the footsteps of his father, a county doctor. But living in the middle of the nineteenth century, he was a supporter, like all youth, of the ideas of nihilism. He adheres to the belief that a person needs to know only the sciences that bring sense. For example, exact sciences: mathematics, chemistry. He defends his point of view that a decent mathematician or chemist is more useful than some poet! And poetry is the entertainment and fantasy of rich loafers. It clearly shows the denial of love for living objects of nature. And he is increasingly moving away from his family and good friends.
He believes that there are physiological processes driven by the behavior of all people. Ideas flourish in his mind that
He is persistent in his work, constantly working, giving himself to the sick. When he performs his work duties, he experiences a feeling of joy. Among the people who encountered him in the hospital, he enjoyed prestige and respect. He liked the surrounding, sick children.
And then comes the tragic moment - the death of Bazarov. There is a huge meaning of the event here. The cause of death is infection of the blood. And now, remaining completely alone, he begins to experience anxiety. He is tormented by internal conflicting feelings towards negative ideas. And he began to understand the importance of parental support and participation. That they are getting old and they need the help and love of their son.
He boldly looked death in the face. He developed a strong self-confidence. He felt both fear and lack of human attention. Scientific discoveries, his knowledge of medicine did not help him. Natural viruses and their incurable progression took over his life.
A good person who helps people has taken on the disease. He is tormented by doubts that he has not fulfilled everything on earth. In this work, he heroically fights for his life. Excellent doctor and kind person.
I like this character. Before his death, he reconsiders his attitude to nature, family, loved one. He realizes that he is still unmarried. Odintsova comes to him, and he confesses his love for her. He asks for forgiveness from his parents, begins to think about God. He does not want to die, he believes that he could still serve Russia. But, alas, his ideal - medicine is powerless.
Composition Death of Bazarov analysis of the episode
The main character of the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" is a young and educated Yevgeny Bazarov. The guy considers himself a nihilist, he denies the existence of God and any human feelings. Bazarov studied the natural sciences, he believed that people should devote more time to such sciences as physics, chemistry and mathematics, and in poets he saw only lazy and uninteresting people.
Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov was born into a family where his father worked all his life as a county doctor. Bazarov believes that a person has unlimited power, so he believed that he was able to reject all the previous experience of mankind and live according to his own understanding. Bazarov considered the main purpose of the nihilists to destroy all the delusions of their ancestors. Without any doubt, it is clear that Bazarov is smart enough, and has great potential, according to the author himself, the hero’s beliefs are incorrect and even dangerous, they contradict the laws of life.
Over time, Bazarov begins to be convinced that for a long time he was mistaken in his beliefs. The first blow for him was suddenly flared up feelings for the young and beautiful Anna Sergeevna, at first the guy simply admired the beauty of the girl, and then he caught himself thinking that he had some feelings for her. The hero was frightened of the inexplicable, he did not understand what was happening to him, because the convinced nihilist rejected the existence of love. Love made him rethink his faith, he was disappointed in himself, he realized that he was a simple person who can be controlled by feelings. This discovery knocked Bazarov down, he did not know how to continue to live, the guy leaves home to try to forget the girl.
In the parental home, a fateful event happens to him. Bazarov did an autopsy on a patient who died from a terrible disease called typhus, and later he becomes infected himself. Lying in bed, Bazarov realized that he had a few days left. Before his death, the guy completely convinces himself that, after all, he was wrong in everything, that it is love that brings great meaning to a person’s life. He understands that in his entire life he has not done anything useful for Russia, and an ordinary hard worker, butcher, shoemaker or baker has brought more benefits to the country. Eugene asks Anna to come to say goodbye. Despite the dangerous illness, the girl immediately goes to her beloved.
Bazarov is a smart, strong and gifted person who strove to live and work for the good of the country. However, with his wrong beliefs, belief in nihilism, he renounced all the main values of humanity, thereby destroying himself.
Option 3
Fathers and Sons is a novel that was published in 1861. It was a rather difficult time for Russia. Changes took place in the country, and the people were divided into two halves. Democrats on one side and liberals on the other. But, regardless of the idea of each side, they understood that Russia requires changes in any case.
This work of Turgenev has a sad ending, the main character dies. In this work, the author felt new features in people, but he could not understand one thing, how these characters would act. The protagonist Bazarov meets death at a very young age. Bazarov is a direct person and always knows how to put a certain amount of sarcasm into his speech. But when the hero felt that he was dying, he changed. He became kind, he became polite, he completely contradicted his convictions.
It becomes noticeable that Bazarov is very sympathetic to the author of the work. This becomes especially obvious when the time comes for Bazarov to die. During the death of the hero, his essence, his true character, becomes visible. Bazarov is in love with Odintsova, but this does not affect him in any way before his death. He is still brave, selfless, the hero is not afraid of death. Bazarov knows that he will soon leave for another world and has no worries about the people who will remain. He doesn't worry about unfinished business or questions. Why does the author show the reader the death of the hero? The main thing for Turgenev was to show that Bazarov was a non-standard person.
The main idea of the author is love and fearlessness before the moment of death. Also, Turgenev did not miss the topic of respect for sons for their parents. The main thing is that Bazarov is on the verge of breaking, but he is not defeated. It is interesting that even after his death, the main character has not changed some of his principles. He is dead and still cannot perceive religion in any way, it is not acceptable to him.
The moment of Bazarov's farewell to Odintsova is built very clearly and in contrast. The author emphasizes a living woman and a man who is dying. Turgenev emphasizes the sharpness of the scene. Anna is young, beautiful, bright, and Bazarov is like a half-crushed worm.
The ending is truly tragic. After all, there is no other way to call it, a very young man dies, besides, he is in love. It is sad, of course, that death cannot be deceived or escaped from it; nothing at all depends on the person himself. It is rather heavy on the soul when you read the final scene of Turgenev's work.
Composition Bazarov in the face of death Grade 10
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a classic of Russian literature and a real master of the pen. In terms of beauty and picturesque descriptions, only Nabokov and Tolstoy can be compared with him. The work of Turgenev's whole life is the novel "Fathers and Sons", the main character of which Bazarov Evgeny is a reflection of a new, only emerging type of people in the Russian Empire. The protagonist of the novel dies at the end of the work. Why? I will answer this question in my essay.
So, Bazarov is a nihilist (a person who does not recognize authorities and denies everything old, traditional). He studies at the university at the Faculty of Natural Sciences, to study the world around him. Bazarov denies everything: art, love, God, the aristocracy of the Kirsanov family and the foundations that have developed in society.
The storyline of the work confronts Bazarov with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - a man of truly liberal views, this was not done by chance: this is how Turgenev shows the political struggle of revolutionary democracy (represented by Bazarov) and the liberal camp (represented by the Kirsanov family).
Then Bazarov meets Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a very well-read and well-versed girl in matters not only of fashion, but also of science, and also with a strong character. This strikes Bazarov, he falls in love. And after she refuses him, he leaves for his parents on the estate and dies there from blood poisoning. It would seem an ordinary story, but it is still classical Russian literature, and Bazarov's death is quite understandable. Bazarov, a man who denied everything, including love, finds himself in such a position that he himself loves another person: he is tormented by contradictions, he begins to see reality as it really is.
It was the destruction of the main principle of Bazarov - the denial of love that killed Bazarov. A person who literally breathed nihilism can no longer live in his illusion, having met such a strong feeling. Turgenev needs the destruction of Bazarov's principles and his sudden death in order to show Bazarov's uselessness in this society.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the destruction of Bazarov’s principles by Turgenev can be perceived in two ways: on the one hand, this is a reflection of reality as Turgenev saw it, on the other hand, it is Turgenev’s political nature, because Turgenev himself was a liberal and drawing such a line that the liberal Arkady lives happily, and the revolutionary democrat Bazarov died, this suggests that Turgenev, by contrast, expressed his political position, calling himself right. What was the purpose of killing Bazarov, only history knows the answer to this question ...
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Bazarov's death
The protagonist of I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" - Yevgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov - dies at the end of the work. Bazarov is the son of a poor district doctor, continuing his father's work. Eugene's life position is that he denies everything: views on life, a feeling of love, painting, literature and other forms of art. Bazarov is a nihilist.
At the beginning of the novel, there is a conflict between Bazarov and the Kirsanov brothers, between a nihilist and aristocrats. Bazarov's views differ sharply from the beliefs of the Kirsanov brothers. In disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Bazarov wins. Therefore, there is a gap for ideological reasons.
Eugene meets Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a smart, beautiful, calm, but unhappy woman. Bazarov falls in love, and, having fallen in love, he understands that love appears to him no longer as “physiology”, but as a real, sincere feeling. The hero sees that Odintsova highly appreciates her own calmness and measured order of life. The decision to part with Anna Sergeevna leaves a heavy mark on Bazarov's soul. Unrequited love.
The "imaginary" followers of Bazarov include Sitnikov and Kukshina. Unlike them, for whom denial is just a mask that allows them to hide their inner vulgarity and inconsistency, Bazarov, with confidence in his abilities, defends the views close to him. Vulgarity and insignificance.
Bazarov, having arrived at his parents, notices that he is getting bored with them: neither with his father nor with his mother Bazarov can talk like he talks with Arkady, even argue like he argues with Pavel Petrovich, so he decides to leave. But soon he comes back, where he helps his father treat sick peasants. People of different generations, different development.
Bazarov likes to work, for him work is satisfaction and self-respect, so he is close to the people. Bazarov is loved by children, servants and peasants, because they see him as a simple and intelligent person. The people are his understanding.
Turgenev considers his hero doomed. Bazarov has two reasons: loneliness in society and internal conflict. The author shows how Bazarov remains lonely.
Bazarov's death was the result of a small cut that he received while opening the body of a peasant who died of typhus. Eugene is waiting for a meeting with his beloved woman in order to once again confess his love to her, he also becomes softer with his parents, deep down, probably still realizing that they have always occupied a significant place in his life and deserve a much more attentive and sincere attitude. Before death, he is strong, calm and imperturbable. The death of the hero gave him time to evaluate what he had done and realize his life. His nihilism turned out to be incomprehensible - after all, both life and death now deny him. We do not feel pity for Bazarov, but respect, and at the same time we remember that before us is an ordinary person with his own fears and weaknesses.
Bazarov is a romantic at heart, but he believes that romanticism has no place in his life now. But nevertheless, fate made a revolution in the life of Eugene, and Bazarov begins to understand what he once rejected. Turgenev sees him as an unrealized poet, capable of the strongest feelings, possessing fortitude.
DI. Pisarev claims that “It’s still bad for the Bazarovs to live in the world, even though they hum and whistle. There is no activity, there is no love - therefore, there is no pleasure either. The critic also claims that one must live, “as long as one lives, eat dry bread when there is no roast beef, be with women when one cannot love a woman, and generally not dream of orange trees and palm trees, when there are snowdrifts and cold tundras underfoot.”
The death of Bazarov is symbolic: for life, medicine and the natural sciences, on which Bazarov relied so much, turned out to be insufficient. But from the author's point of view, death is natural. Turgenev defines the figure of Bazarov as tragic and "doomed to perish." The author loved Bazarov and repeatedly said that he was “clever” and “hero”. Turgenev wanted the reader to fall in love with Bazarov with his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness.
He regrets his unspent power, his unfulfilled task. Bazarov devoted his whole life to the desire to benefit the country, science. We imagine him as a smart, reasonable, but deep down, sensitive, attentive and kind person.
According to his moral convictions, Pavel Petrovich challenges Bazarov to a duel. Feeling embarrassed and realizing that he is sacrificing his principles, Bazarov agrees to shoot with Kirsanov Sr. Bazarov slightly wounds the enemy and gives him first aid himself. Pavel Petrovich keeps well, even makes fun of himself, but at the same time both he and Bazarov are embarrassed / Nikolai Petrovich, from whom the true reason for the duel was hidden, also behaves in the most noble way, finding an excuse for the actions of both opponents.
"Nihilism", according to Turgenev, challenges the enduring values of the spirit and the natural foundations of life. This is seen as the tragic guilt of the hero, the cause of his inevitable death.
Evgeny Bazarov can by no means be called an "extra person". Unlike Onegin and Pechorin, he does not get bored, but works hard. Before us is a very active person, he has "immense strength in his soul." One job is not enough for him. In order to really live, and not drag out a miserable existence, like Onegin and Pechorin, such a person needs a philosophy of life, its goal. And he has it.
The worldviews of the two political directions of the liberal nobles and the revolutionary democrats. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of the most active representatives of these trends, the commoner Bazarov and the nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. According to Bazarov, aristocrats are not capable of action, they are of no use. Bazarov rejects liberalism, denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future.
The reader understands that Bazarov has no one to convey to anyone what little, but the most precious thing he has - his convictions. He does not have a close and dear person, and therefore, there is no future. He does not think of himself as a district doctor, but he cannot be reborn, become like Arkady either. He has no place in Russia, and perhaps abroad, too. Bazarov dies, and with him his genius dies, his wonderful, strong character, his ideas and convictions. But true life is endless, the flowers on the grave of Eugene confirm this. Life is endless, but only true...
Turgenev could have shown how Bazarov would gradually abandon his views, he did not do this, but simply “killed” his main character. Bazarov dies from blood poisoning and before his death recognizes himself as an unnecessary person for Russia. Bazarov is still alone, therefore doomed, but his fortitude, courage, stamina, perseverance in achieving the goal make him a hero.
Bazarov does not need anyone, he is alone in this world, but he does not feel his loneliness at all. Pisarev wrote about this: “Bazarov alone, by himself, stands at the cold height of a sober thought, and it’s not hard for him from this loneliness, he is completely absorbed in himself and work”
In the face of death, even the strongest people begin to deceive themselves, to entertain unrealistic hopes. But Bazarov boldly looks into the eyes of inevitability and is not afraid of it. He only regrets that his life was useless, because he did not bring any benefit to the Motherland. And this thought gives him a lot of suffering before his death: “Russia needs me ... No, apparently, it is not needed. And who is needed? A shoemaker is needed, a tailor is needed, a butcher is needed ... "
Let us recall the words of Bazarov: "When I meet a person who would not give in to me, then I will change my mind about myself." There is a cult of power. “Hairy,” Pavel Petrovich said about Arkady's friend. He is clearly jarred by the appearance of a nihilist: long hair, a hoodie with tassels, red, unkempt hands. Of course, Bazarov is a working man who does not have time to take care of his appearance. It seems to be so. Well, what if it's a "deliberate shocking of good taste"? And if this is a challenge: as I want, I dress and comb my hair. Then it's stupid, immodest. The disease of swagger, irony over the interlocutor, disrespect ...
Speaking purely humanly, Bazarov is wrong. In the house of a friend he was greeted cordially, however, Pavel Petrovich did not shake hands. But Bazarov does not stand on ceremony, he immediately enters into a heated argument. His judgments are uncompromising. "Why should I recognize authorities?"; "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than a poet"; he reduces high art to "the art of making money." Later, Pushkin, and Schubert, and Raphael will get it. Even Arkady remarked to a friend about his uncle: "You insulted him." But the nihilist did not understand, did not apologize, did not doubt that he had behaved too boldly, but condemned: "Imagine himself a sensible person!" What is the relationship between a man and a woman...
In the X chapter of the novel, during a dialogue with Pavel Petrovich Bazarov, he managed to speak out on all the fundamental issues of life. This dialogue deserves special attention. Here Bazarov claims that the social system is terrible, and one cannot but agree with this. Further: there is no God as the highest criterion of truth, which means, do what you want, everything is permitted! But not everyone will agree with this.
There is a feeling that Turgenev himself was at a loss, exploring the nature of the nihilist. Under the pressure of Bazarov's strength and firmness, the writer was somewhat embarrassed and began to think: "Maybe it's necessary? Or maybe I'm an old man who has ceased to understand the laws of progress?" Turgenev clearly sympathizes with his hero, and treats the nobles condescendingly, and sometimes even satirically.
But one thing is a subjective view of the characters, another thing is the objective thought of the whole work. What is it about? About tragedy. The tragedies of Bazarov, who, in his thirst for "long work", in his enthusiasm for his god-science, trampled on universal values. And these values are love for another person, the commandment "Thou shalt not kill" (shot in a duel), love for parents, indulgence in friendship. He is cynical about a woman, mocks Sitnikov and Kukshina, narrow-minded people, greedy for fashion, miserable, but still people. Eugene excluded from his life lofty thoughts and feelings about the "roots" that feed us, about God. He says: "I look at the sky when I want to sneeze!"
The tragedy of the hero is also in complete solitude, both among his own and among strangers, although both Fenechka and the emancipated servant Peter sympathize with him. He doesn't need them! The peasants, who called him "pea jester", feel his inner contempt for them. His tragedy lies in the fact that he is also inconsistent in relation to the people whose name he hides behind: “... I hated this last peasant, Philip or Sidor, for whom I have to climb out of my skin and who won’t even thank me ... And why should I thank him? Well, he will live in a white hut, and burdock will grow out of me - well, and then?
Interestingly, before his death, Bazarov recalls the forest, that is, the world of nature, which he had previously essentially denied. Even religion now he calls for help. And it turns out that the hero of Turgenev in his short life passed by everything that is so beautiful. And now these manifestations of true life seem to triumph over Bazarov, around him and rise in him.
First, the hero of the novel makes a feeble attempt to fight the disease and asks his father for a hell stone. But then, realizing that he is dying, he ceases to cling to life and quite passively gives himself into the hands of death. It is clear to him that comforting himself and others with hopes of healing is a waste of time. The main thing now is to die with dignity. And this means - do not whine, do not relax, do not give in to panic, do not give in to despair, do everything to alleviate the suffering of old parents. Not at all deceiving his father, reminding him that everything now depends only on the time and pace of the course of the disease, he nonetheless invigorates the old man with his own stamina, speaking in professional medical language, advising him to turn to philosophy or even religion. And for the mother, Arina Vlasyevna, her assumption about her son's cold is supported. This concern for loved ones before death greatly elevates Bazarov.
The hero of the novel has no fear of death, no fear of parting with his life, he is very courageous in these hours and minutes: "It's all the same: I won't wag my tail," he says. But resentment does not leave him for the fact that his heroic forces are dying in vain. In this scene, the motive of Bazarov's strength is especially emphasized. First, it was conveyed in the exclamation of Vasily Ivanovich, when Bazarov pulled out a tooth from a visiting peddler: "Eugene has such strength!" Then the hero of the book himself demonstrates his power. Weakened and fading away, he suddenly lifts the chair by the leg: "Strength, strength, that's all there is, but you have to die!" He authoritatively overcomes his semi-forgetfulness and speaks of his titanism. But these forces are not destined to manifest themselves. "I'll break off a lot of things" - this task of the giant has remained in the past as an unrealized intention.
The farewell meeting with Odintsova is also very expressive. Eugene no longer restrains himself and utters words of delight: "glorious", "so beautiful", "generous", "young, fresh, pure". He even talks about his love for her, about kisses. He indulges in such "romanticism" that would have led him to indignation before. And the highest expression of this is the last phrase of the hero: "Blow on the dying lamp, and let it go out."
Nature, poetry, religion, parenthood and filial affection, the beauty of a woman and love, friendship and romanticism - all this takes over, wins.
And here the question arises: why does Turgenev “kill” his hero?
But the reason is much deeper. The answer lies in life itself, in the social and political situation of those years. The social conditions in Russia did not provide an opportunity for the realization of the aspirations of the raznochintsy for democratic reforms. In addition, they remained isolated from the people to whom they were drawn and for whom they fought. They could not carry out the titanic task that they set for themselves. They could fight, but not win. The seal of doom lay on them. It becomes clear that Bazarov was doomed to the impracticability of his affairs, to defeat and death.
Turgenev is deeply convinced that the Bazarovs have come, but their time has not yet come. What is left for an eagle when he cannot fly? Think about death. Eugene among his everyday life often thinks about death. He unexpectedly compares the infinity of space and the eternity of time with his short life and comes to the conclusion about "his own insignificance." It is amazing that the author of the novel wept when he ended his book with the death of Bazarov.
According to Pisarev, "to die the way Bazarov died is like doing a great feat." And this last feat is performed by Turgenev's hero. Finally, we note that in the scene of death, the thought of Russia arises. It is tragic that the motherland loses its big son, a real titan.
And here we recall the words of Turgenev, spoken about the death of Dobrolyubov: "It is a pity for the lost, wasted strength." The same author's regret is felt in the scene of Bazarov's death. And the fact that powerful opportunities turned out to be wasted makes the death of the hero especially tragic.
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The illness and death of Bazarov seemed to be caused by an absurd accident - a deadly infection that accidentally entered the bloodstream. But in the works of Turgenev, this cannot be accidental.
The wound itself is an accident, but there is also a share of regularity in it, since during this period Bazarov lost his vital balance and became less attentive, more distracted in his work.
The pattern is also in the author's position, since Bazarov, who always challenged nature in general and human nature (love) in particular, had, according to Turgenev, to be avenged by nature. The law is cruel here. So he dies, infected with bacteria - natural organisms. Simply put, it dies by nature.
In addition, unlike Arkady, Bazarov was not suitable for "making a nest for himself." He is alone in his beliefs and lacks family potential. And this is a dead end for Turgenev.
And one more circumstance. Turgenev could feel the prematureness, the uselessness of the Bazarovs for contemporary Russia. If Bazarov looked unhappy on the last pages of the novel, then the reader would certainly feel sorry for him, and he deserves not pity, but respect. And it was in his death that he showed his best human traits, with the last phrase about the “dying lampada” finally coloring his image not only with courage, but also with bright romance, which, as it turned out, lived in the soul of a seemingly cynical nihilist. This, in the end, was the whole point of the novel.
By the way, if the hero dies, it is not at all necessary that the author denies him something, punishes him or takes revenge for something. Turgenev's best heroes always die, and from this his works are colored with a bright, optimistic tragedy.
Epilogue of the novel.
An epilogue can be called the last chapter of the novel, which briefly tells about the fate of the heroes after the death of Bazarov.
The future of the Kirsanovs turned out to be quite expected. The author writes especially sympathetically about the loneliness of Pavel Petrovich, as if the loss of Bazarov, a rival, completely deprived him of the meaning of life, the opportunity to at least apply his vitality to something.
The lines about Odintsova are significant. Turgenev with one phrase: "I married not for love, but for conviction" - completely debunks the heroine. And the last author's description already looks simply sarcastically destructive: "... they will live, perhaps, to happiness ... perhaps to love." It is enough to understand at least a little Turgenev in order to guess that love and happiness are not “lived out”.
The most Turgenevian is the last paragraph of the novel - a description of the cemetery where Bazarov is buried. The reader has no doubt that he is the best in the novel. To prove this, the author merged the departed hero with nature into a single harmonious whole, reconciled him with life, with his parents, with death, and still managed to say about “the great calmness of indifferent nature ...”.
The novel "Fathers and Sons" in Russian criticism.
In accordance with the vectors of the struggle of social movements and literary views in the 60s, points of view on Turgenev's novel were also lined up.
The most positive assessments of the novel and the main character were given by D.I. Pisarev, who had already left Sovremennik at that time. But from the bowels of Sovremennik itself, negative criticism sounded. An article by M. Antonovich “Asmodeus of our time” was published here, in which the social significance and artistic value of the novel was denied, and Bazarov, called a talker, a cynic and a glutton, was interpreted as a pitiful slander on the younger generation of democrats. N.A. Dobrolyubov had already died by this time, and N.G. Chernyshevsky was arrested, and Antonovich, who rather primitively accepted the principles of “real criticism”, took the original author’s intention for the final artistic result.
Oddly enough, the liberal and conservative part of society perceived the novel more deeply and fairly. Even here, however, there are extreme judgments.
M. Katkov wrote in Russkiy Vestnik that Fathers and Sons is an anti-nihilistic novel, that the occupation of “new people” by the natural sciences is a frivolous and idle matter, that nihilism is a social disease that needs to be treated by strengthening protective conservative principles.
The most artistically adequate and profound interpretation of the novel belongs to F. M. Dostoevsky and N. Strakhov - the magazine "Vremya". Dostoevsky interpreted Bazarov as a “theorist” who was at odds with life, as a victim of his own dry and abstract theory, which crashed into life and brought suffering and torment (almost like Raskolnikov from his novel “Crime and Punishment”).
N. Strakhov noted that I.S. Turgenev "wrote a novel that was neither progressive nor retrograde, but, so to speak, everlasting." The critic saw that the author "stands for the eternal principles of human life," and Bazarov, who is "alienated from life," meanwhile, "lives deeply and strongly."
The point of view of Dostoevsky and Strakhov is quite consistent with the judgments of Turgenev himself in his article “On the“ Fathers and Sons ”, where Bazarov is called a tragic person.
Bazarov in the face of death is one of the most striking images created by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev in his famous work Fathers and Sons. This work became a landmark for the generation that grew up in the 60s of the XIX century. Many perceived this hero as an ideal, a role model.
Roman Turgenev
Bazarov appears in the face of death at the very end of this novel. His actions take place in 1859, on the eve of the peasant reform, which forever abolished serfdom in Russia. The main characters are Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. These are young people who come to visit the Maryino estate with their father and uncle Arkady. Bazarov develops a difficult and tense relationship with the older Kirsanovs, as a result of which he is forced to move out of them. Arkady, carried away by his comrade, goes after him. In a provincial town they find themselves in the company of progressive youth.
Later, at a dinner party at the governor's, they meet Odintsova, perhaps the main female character in the novel. Bazarov and Kirsanov go to her estate called Nikolskoe. Both of them are infatuated with this woman. Bazarov even confesses his love to her, but this only frightens Odintsova. Eugene is again forced to leave. This time again, together with Arkady, he goes to his parents. They love their son too much. Bazarov is soon frankly tired of this, so he returns to Maryino. There he has a new hobby - the girl's name is Fenechka. They kiss, and it turns out that Fenechka is the mother of Arkady's father's illegitimate son. All this leads to a duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Arkady's uncle.
Meanwhile, Arkady himself goes to Nikolskoye alone and stays with Odintsova. True, he is not fond of the mistress of the estate, but of her sister, Katya. Bazarov also comes to Nikolskoye. He explains with Odintsova, apologizes for his feelings.
The fate of the heroes
The novel ends with Bazarov, having said goodbye to his friend, leaving for his parents. He helps his father in a difficult task - the treatment of patients with typhus. During the operation, he accidentally cut himself during the autopsy of another deceased and contracted a fatal infection.
Before his death, he asks Odintsova to see him for the last time. The fate of the rest of the characters is as follows: the progressive Pavel Petrovich goes abroad, Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka, and Arkady Kirsanov marries her sister, Katya Odintsova.
Problems of the novel
In Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons", as a result of Bazarov, it turns out to be in the face of love and death. The author's decision to complete his work with the death of the protagonist says a lot about the intention that the creator had. Turgenev's Bazarov dies in the finale. Therefore, it is so important to understand why the author treated him this way, why the description of this death is so important for understanding the meaning of the whole work. A detailed study of the episode dedicated to the death of the central character helps to answer these questions. How does Bazarov find himself in the face of death? You can find a summary of the denouement of the novel in this article.
The image of Evgeny Bazarov
Describing the main character of his work, the author notes that Bazarov was the son of a doctor. When he grew up, he decided to continue the work of his father. The author himself characterizes him as an intelligent and cynical person. At the same time, somewhere inside, in the depths of his soul, he remains attentive, sensitive and kind.
Bazarov has a specific life position, which in subsequent years received a large number of adherents and supporters. Eugene denies any moral values of contemporary society, as well as morality and any ideals. Moreover, he does not recognize any art, he does not perceive love, which is sung by many poets, since he considers it to be pure physiology. At the same time, he does not recognize any authorities in life, believing that each person should focus only on himself, not following anyone.
Nihilism
Bazarov is a supporter of nihilism, but at the same time he differs from other young people who adhere to a similar philosophy, for example, from Kukshin or Sitnikov. For them, the denial of everything around is nothing more than a mask that helps to hide their own failure and callous deep vulgarity.
Bazarov is not at all like them. He does not prevaricate at all, defending his views with his characteristic ardor. He believes that the main thing for which a person should live is work that benefits the whole society. At the same time, Eugene condescendingly treats most of those around him, even despises many of them, puts him below himself.
Meeting with Odintsova
This life philosophy of Bazarov, in the inviolability of which he was sure, changed radically after meeting with Odintsova. Bazarov truly falls in love for the first time, and after that he realizes how much his beliefs diverge from the truths of life.
The collapse of ideals
The main character of Turgenev's novel feels that love is not only physiology, but also a real, strong feeling. An epiphany sets in, which changes a lot in the hero's worldview. All his beliefs are crumbling, and after them his whole life loses its meaning. Turgenev could write about how this person eventually abandons his ideals, turning into an average person. Instead, he puts Bazarov in the face of death.
It is worth recognizing that the death of the hero happens stupidly and largely by accident. It becomes the result of a small cut that was obtained during the autopsy of the body of a person who died of typhus. However, death was not at all sudden. Knowing that he was ill, Bazarov was able to evaluate what had been done and realize the extent of what he would never accomplish. It is noteworthy how Bazarov behaves in the face of death. He doesn't look scared or confused. Instead, Eugene is strong, surprisingly calm and steadfast, almost unflappable. The reader begins at these moments to feel for him not pity, but sincere respect.
Bazarov's death
At the same time, the author does not let us forget that Bazarov is still an ordinary person who has various weaknesses. No one perceives his death indifferently, and therefore Eugene frankly worries. He constantly thinks about what he could still do, about the power that is in him, but has remained unspent.
At the same time, Bazarov remains ironic and cynical to the last in the face of death. Quote "Yes, go ahead, try to deny death. She denies you, and that's it!" it only confirms. Here, behind the irony of the hero, we can consider bitter regret about the passing minutes. In the last moments of his life, he longs for a meeting with his beloved woman, with whom he could not be together. Bazarov, in the face of death, asks Odintsova to come to him. She fulfills this wish.
On his deathbed, the protagonist softens to his parents, realizing that in reality they have always occupied an important place in his life, shaped his essence and worldview. Everyone would probably like to look like Bazarov in the face of death. He calmly analyzes everything done during his short but fruitful life, which he devoted to science, wanting to benefit his country. Death for the protagonist is not only the cessation of physical existence, but also a sign that Russia does not really need him. All his dreams to change something end in virtually nothing. The physical death of the protagonist is preceded by the death of his views. Together with Bazarov, his genius also dies, as well as his powerful character and sincere convictions.
The question of why Turgenev killed his hero of the novel "Fathers and Sons" - Yevgeny Bazarov, was of interest to many. Herzen said on this occasion that the author of the novel wanted to kill his hero with "lead", that is, with a bullet, but he killed him with typhus, because he did not accept much in him. Is it so? Maybe the reason lies much deeper? So why did Bazarov die?
Why Turgenev killed Bazarov
And the answer lies in life itself, in the political and social situation of that time. Opportunities in order to implement the aspirations of raznochintsy for democratic reforms, the social conditions of Russia in those years did not give. In addition, they remained cut off from the people they were drawn to and fought for. They were not able to carry out the titanic task that they set for themselves. They could fight, but they could not win. They were stamped with doom. It turns out that Eugene was doomed to death and defeat, to the fact that his deeds would not come true. Turgenev was sure that the Bazarovs had come, but their time had not yet come.
The death of the protagonist of "Fathers and Sons"
Answering the question of what Bazarov died from, we can say that the cause was blood poisoning. He injured his finger while opening up the corpse of a typhus patient he was treating. But most likely, the reasons lie much deeper. How did the hero accept his death, how did he treat it? How did Bazarov die?
At first, Bazarov tried to fight the disease by asking his father for a hellish stone. Realizing that he is dying, he ceases to cling to life and gives himself into the hands of death rather passively. It is clear to him that to comfort both himself and others with the hope of healing is a vain thing. Now the main thing is to die with dignity. And this means not to relax, not to whimper, not to give in to despair, not to panic and do everything to alleviate the suffering of old parents. Such concern for loved ones before death elevates Bazarov.
He himself has no fear of death, he is not afraid to part with life. During these hours, he is very courageous, which is confirmed by his words that he will not wag his tail anyway. But his resentment does not leave him because his heroic forces are perishing in vain. He demonstrates his power. Raising a chair by the leg, weakened and dying out, he says, “The power, the power is still here, but you have to die!”. He overcomes his semi-forgetfulness and at the same time speaks of his titanism.
The way Bazarov died looks random and ridiculous. He is young, he is a doctor and an anatomist. Therefore, his death looks symbolic. Medicine and natural sciences, which Bazarov hoped so much for, turn out to be insufficient for life. His philanthropy turned out to be misunderstood, because he dies just because of an ordinary peasant. His nihilism is also inexplicable, because now life denies him.
