Why is the image of Vasily Terkin so dear to the author. The image of Vasily Terkin (School essays)

Name symbolism. The real, non-feuilleton Terkin, the hero of The Book of a Fighter, appeared in the first two chapters of Tvardovsky's book in September 1942. The front-line "biography" of Terkin is as follows: he begins to fight during the Finnish campaign, re-enters service in June 1941, retreats with the entire army, is surrounded several times, then goes on the offensive and ends his journey in the depths of Germany.

Vasily Terkin is a multifaceted image. He is a symbolic image, a man-people, a collective Russian type. It is no coincidence that nothing is said about his personal biography: they are, as it were, average. He is "a great hunter to live up to ninety years", a peaceful, civil man, a soldier by necessity. His usual life on the collective farm was interrupted by the war. War for him is a natural disaster, hot work. The whole poem is permeated with the dream of a peaceful life.

Already at the first mention, the surname Terkin clearly outlines the boundaries of character: Terkin means an experienced, grated person, "grated kalach", or, as the poem says, "a grated person with life." Compare, for example, with the Russian proverb: "Patience and work will grind everything," etc. This is the core of the name, the core of the image varies many times, is played out in the poem:

The image of Terkin is a generalized image, for all its realism and ordinariness. Tvardovsky endows his hero with a "general Russian" appearance, avoids portrait signs (this would make him overly individualized): "He was endowed with beauty / He was not excellent. / Not tall, not that small, / But a hero-hero." Terkin is a bright, unique personality, and at the same time he includes the features of many people, he seems to be repeated many times in others 1 . See, for example, the chapter "Terkin - Terkin": it turns out that there are two Terkins in the book. This is the hero of the book Vasily Ivanovich and his namesake Ivan. Duality emphasizes the generalizing nature of the protagonist. But their duality is not absolute: the second Terkin turns out to be red-haired, does not smoke, and his front-line profession is an armor-piercer. The situation is resolved by a "strict foreman":

Tvardovsky selects the most general, typical episodes of the war, rarely uses specific geographical names and exact chronological designations (the place and time of his book is a field, forest, river, swamp, village, road, winter, spring, summer, autumn). The same applies to Terkin's military profession: in different situations, he turns out to be either a signalman, or a shooter, or a scout. It is important that Terkin belongs to the most massive branch of the military - the infantry. The hero is an infantryman. "In it - the pathos of the infantry, the troops closest to the earth, to the cold, to fire and death," Tvardovsky wrote at the very beginning of his plan. Terkin is one of the laborers of the war, on whom the country rests, who bore the brunt of the war on their shoulders. The hero of Tvardovsky's poem is the hero of a specific war with the Germans, and at the same time there is something in him that brings him closer to the Russian soldier of all times. Tvardovsky himself always liked this idea about the deep national roots of his hero, and there are lines in the handwritten versions of the poem:

Tvardovsky paints the life of the war as a whole, but the overall picture of the war is made up of individual, very vivid and accurate details of the war. The concreteness and tangibility of the pictures drawn by Tvardovsky are extremely enhanced by the numerous and precise details of front-line life: in the parking lot, "water with ice rattled from a bucket from a smoky tank"; the telephone operator "blew into the receiver for order"; soldiers write letters "on a halt, by fire, on each other's backs, removing gloves with their teeth, in the wind in any frost," etc. The pictures of the war in the poem are always dynamic, alive, visually perceptible.

The system of rhymes used in relation to the name and surname of the hero also contributes to the achievement of generalization of the image of the protagonist. Tvardovsky uses rhymes that characterize the life of the army and the mood of the hero ("Terkin" - "bitter", "shag", "sayings", "in the tunic", "in the supply room", etc.). The most responsible in the poem is the rhyme "Vasily - Russia", repeated several times in the text, that is, it is emphasized that the hero is the embodiment of the heroism of the Russian people, representing all of Russia, all the people.

Municipal basic educational institution "Platovskaya OOSh"

Research work on literature

Topic: "The image of Vasily Terkin in the work of Tvardovsky"

Checked: teacher

Platovka 2011

SUMMING UP

The poem "Vasily Terkin" is evidence of history. The writer himself was a war correspondent, military life was close to him. The work shows the clarity of what is happening, figurativeness, accuracy, which makes us truly believe the poem.
The protagonist of the work, Vasily Terkin, is a simple Russian soldier. His very name speaks of the generality of his image. He was close to the soldiers, he was one of them. Many even, reading the poem, said that they had the real Terkin in their company, that he was fighting with them. The image of Terkin also has folk, folklore roots. In one of the chapters, Tvardovsky compares him with a soldier from the famous fairy tale "Porridge from an ax." The author presents Terkin as a resourceful soldier who knows how to find a way out of any situation, to show intelligence and ingenuity. In other chapters, the hero appears to us as a mighty hero from ancient epics, strong and fearless.
What can be said about the qualities of Terkin? All of them are certainly worthy of respect. It is easy to say about Vasily Terkin: “he does not sink in water and does not burn in fire,” and this will be pure truth. The hero shows such qualities as courage, courage, courage, and the proof of this is such chapters as "Crossing" and "Death and the Warrior". He never loses heart, he jokes (for example, in the chapters "Terkin-Terkin", "In the bathhouse"). He shows his love for life in Death and the Warrior. He is not given into the hands of death, resists it and survives. And, of course, in Terkin there are such qualities as great patriotism, humanism and a sense of military duty.
Vasily Terkin was very close to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War, he reminded them of themselves. Terkin inspired the soldiers to exploits, helped them during the war years, and maybe even, to some extent, the war was won thanks to him.

- a soldier (then an officer) from the Smolensk peasants: "... the guy himself He is ordinary."
Terkin embodies the best features of the Russian soldier and the Russian people. Terkin has been fighting since the very beginning of the war, he was surrounded three times, was wounded. Terkin's motto: "Cheer up", no matter what the difficulties. So, the hero, in order to restore contact with the soldiers on the other side of the river, crosses it twice in icy water. Or, in order to hold a telephone line during the battle, Terkin alone occupies a German dugout, in which he comes under fire. Once Terkin enters into hand-to-hand combat with a German and, with great difficulty, but still takes the enemy prisoner. The hero perceives all these feats as ordinary actions in the war. He does not brag about them, does not demand a reward for them. And only jokingly says that for representativeness he simply needs a medal. Even in the harsh conditions of the war, Terkin retains all human qualities. The hero has a great sense of humor, which helps T. himself and everyone around him to survive. So, he jokes encourages fighters leading a difficult battle. Terkin is presented with the accordion of a murdered commander, and he plays it, brightening up the soldiers' moments of rest. On the way to the front, the hero helps the old peasants with their household chores, convincing them of an imminent victory. Having met a peasant woman stolen into captivity, T. gives her all the trophies. Terkin does not have a girl who would write letters to him and wait from the war. But he does not lose heart, fighting for all Russian girls. Over time, Terkin becomes an officer. He vacates his native places and, looking at them, cries. Terkin's name becomes a household name. In the chapter "In the bath" a soldier with a huge number of awards is compared with the hero of the poem. Describing his hero, the author in the chapter "From the Author" calls Terkin "a holy and sinful Russian miracle man."

Terkin from a rifle unexpectedly shoots down a German attack aircraft; Sergeant T., who is envious of him, reassures him: “Don’t worry, the German has this / Not the last plane.” In the chapter "General" T. is summoned to the general, who awards him an order and a week's leave, but it turns out that the hero cannot use him, since his native village is still occupied by the Germans. In the chapter “Fight in the swamp”, T. jokes with the fighters who are fighting a hard fight for a place called “the settlement of Borki”, from which “one black place” remains. In the chapter "On Love" it turns out that the hero does not have a girl who would accompany him to the war and write him letters to the front; the author jokingly calls: "Pay a gentle look, / Girls, to the infantry." In the chapter "Terkin's Rest", normal living conditions are presented to the hero as "paradise"; unaccustomed to sleeping in bed, he cannot sleep until he is advised to put a hat on his head to mimic field conditions. In the chapter "On the offensive" T., when the platoon commander is killed, takes command and breaks into the village first; however, the hero is again seriously wounded. In the chapter “Death and the Warrior”, T., lying wounded in a field, talks with Death, who persuades him not to cling to life; he is eventually discovered by members of the funeral crew. The chapter “Terkin writes” is a letter from T. from the hospital to fellow soldiers: he promises to return to them without fail. In the chapter "Terkin - Terkin" the hero meets a namesake - Ivan Terkin; they argue which of them is the "true" Terkin (this name has already become legendary), but they cannot determine, because they are very similar to each other. The dispute is resolved by the foreman, who explains that "According to the charter, each company / Terkin will be given his own." Further, in the chapter "From the author", the process of "mythologization" of the character is depicted; T. is called "the holy and sinful Russian miracle man." The chapter "Grandfather and Woman" again deals with the old peasants from the chapter "Two Soldiers"; having spent two years in occupation, they await the advance of the Red Army; in one of the scouts, the old man recognizes T., who became an officer. In the chapter "On the Dnieper" it is said that T., together with the advancing army, is getting closer to his native places; troops cross the Dnieper, and, looking at the liberated land, the hero cries. In the chapter "On the Road to Berlin" T. meets a peasant woman who was once driven away to Germany - she returns home on foot; together with the soldiers, T. gives her trophies: a horse with a team, a cow, a sheep, household utensils and a bicycle. In the chapter “In the bathhouse” of a soldier, on whose tunic “Orders, medals in a row / Burn with a hot flame”, admiring fighters are compared with T. : the name of the hero has already become a household name.

VASILY TERKIN - This is a realistic image of a great generalizing force, an “ordinary” hero, according to Tvardovsky, born in a special, unique atmosphere of the war years; an image-type of a Soviet soldier who organically entered the soldier's environment, close to his collective prototype in biography, way of thinking, actions and language. According to V. T, “having lost his heroic physique”, “gained a heroic soul”. This is an amazingly true understanding of the Russian national character, taken in its best features. Behind the illusion of rusticity, jokes, mischief, there is a moral sensitivity and an inherent sense of filial duty to the Motherland, the ability to accomplish a feat at any moment without phrase and pose. Behind experience and love of life - a dramatic duel with the death of a person who finds himself in a war. Developed as the poem was written and simultaneously published, the image of V. T. acquired the scale of the hero of an epic work about the fate of the Soviet soldier and his homeland. The generalized type of the Soviet soldier was identified with the image of the entire warring people, concretized in the living, psychologically rich character of V. T, in which each front-line soldier recognized himself and his comrade. V. T. became a household name, joining the same ranks with such heroes as Til de Costera and Cola Rollana.

After the end of the war and the publication of the first poem about V. T., readers asked Tvardovsky to write a sequel about the life of V. T. in peacetime. Tvardovsky himself considered V. T. to belong to wartime. However, the author needed his image when writing a satirical poem about the essence of the bureaucratic world of the totalitarian system, which was called "Terkin in the next world." Personifying the viability of the Russian national character, V. T. demonstrates that “the most terrible thing for the state of the dead is a living person” (S. Lesnevsky).

After the publication of the second poem, Tvardovsky was accused of betraying his hero, who became "submissive" and "sluggish." in the second poem he continues his dispute with death, begun in the first, but according to the laws of the genre in fairy tales about a journey to the underworld, the hero is not required to actively fight, which is impossible among the dead, but the ability to go through trials and endure them. The positive beginning in satire is laughter, not the hero. Tvardovsky follows the traditions of the works of Gogol, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Dostoevsky ("Bobok"), Blok ("Dance of Death").

With triumphant success, he embodied on the stage of the Moscow Theater of Satire (director V. Pluchek).

The reader asked Tvardovsky to continue V. T. “Our Vasily,” Tvardovsky reports, “arrived in the next world, and left in this one.” The poem ends with a hint-appeal to the reader: "I have given you a task." Both V.T. and Tvardovsky remained true to themselves - the battle "for the sake of life on earth" continues.

They look into the mouth of the joker,
The word is eagerly caught.
It's good when someone is lying
Fun and challenging.
Just a guy himself
He is ordinary.
Not tall, not that small
But a hero is a hero.

I am a big hunter to live
Years to ninety.

And, at the shores of the crust
Breaking the ice
He is like him, Vasily Terkin,
I got up alive - I got by swimming.
And with a careless smile
Then the fighter says:
- Is it possible to have a pile,
Because well done?

No guys, I'm not proud.
Without thinking into the distance
So I will say: why do I need an order?
I agree to a medal.

Terkin, Terkin, good fellow...

Name symbolism. The real, non-feuilleton Terkin, the hero of The Book of a Fighter, appeared in the first two chapters of Tvardovsky's book in September 1942. The front-line "biography" of Terkin is as follows: he begins to fight during the Finnish campaign, re-enters service in June 1941, retreats with the entire army, is surrounded several times, then goes on the offensive and ends his journey in the depths of Germany.

Vasily Terkin is a multifaceted image. He is a symbolic image, a man-people, a collective Russian type. It is no coincidence that nothing is said about his personal biography: they are, as it were, average. He is "a great hunter to live up to ninety years", a peaceful, civil man, a soldier by necessity. His usual life on the collective farm was interrupted by the war. War for him is a natural disaster, hot work. The whole poem is permeated with the dream of a peaceful life.

Already at the first mention, the surname Terkin clearly outlines the boundaries of character: Terkin means an experienced, grated person, "grated kalach", or, as the poem says, "a grated person with life." Compare, for example, with the Russian proverb: "Patience and work will grind everything," etc. This is the core of the name, the core of the image varies many times, is played out in the poem:

The image of Terkin is a generalized image, for all its realism and ordinariness. Tvardovsky endows his hero with a "general Russian" appearance, avoids portrait signs (this would make him overly individualized): "He was endowed with beauty / He was not excellent. / Not tall, not that small, / But a hero-hero." Terkin is a bright, unique personality, and at the same time he includes the features of many people, he seems to be repeated many times in others 1 . See, for example, the chapter "Terkin - Terkin": it turns out that there are two Terkins in the book. This is the hero of the book Vasily Ivanovich and his namesake Ivan. Duality emphasizes the generalizing nature of the protagonist. But their duality is not absolute: the second Terkin turns out to be red-haired, does not smoke, and his front-line profession is an armor-piercer. The situation is resolved by a "strict foreman":

Tvardovsky selects the most general, typical episodes of the war, rarely uses specific geographical names and exact chronological designations (the place and time of his book is a field, forest, river, swamp, village, road, winter, spring, summer, autumn). The same applies to Terkin's military profession: in different situations, he turns out to be either a signalman, or a shooter, or a scout. It is important that Terkin belongs to the most massive branch of the military - the infantry. The hero is an infantryman. "In it - the pathos of the infantry, the troops closest to the earth, to the cold, to fire and death," Tvardovsky wrote at the very beginning of his plan. Terkin is one of the laborers of the war, on whom the country rests, who bore the brunt of the war on their shoulders. The hero of Tvardovsky's poem is the hero of a specific war with the Germans, and at the same time there is something in him that brings him closer to the Russian soldier of all times. Tvardovsky himself always liked this idea about the deep national roots of his hero, and there are lines in the handwritten versions of the poem:

Tvardovsky paints the life of the war as a whole, but the overall picture of the war is made up of individual, very vivid and accurate details of the war. The concreteness and tangibility of the pictures drawn by Tvardovsky are extremely enhanced by the numerous and precise details of front-line life: in the parking lot, "water with ice rattled from a bucket from a smoky tank"; the telephone operator "blew into the receiver for order"; soldiers write letters "on a halt, by fire, on each other's backs, removing gloves with their teeth, in the wind in any frost," etc. The pictures of the war in the poem are always dynamic, alive, visually perceptible.

The system of rhymes used in relation to the name and surname of the hero also contributes to the achievement of generalization of the image of the protagonist. Tvardovsky uses rhymes that characterize the life of the army and the mood of the hero ("Terkin" - "bitter", "shag", "sayings", "in the tunic", "in the supply room", etc.). The most responsible in the poem is the rhyme "Vasily - Russia", repeated several times in the text, that is, it is emphasized that the hero is the embodiment of the heroism of the Russian people, representing all of Russia, all the people.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky - the most famous Soviet writer, journalist and poet. The image of Vasily Terkin, created by him in the most difficult years for our country, is familiar to everyone since childhood. The brave, resilient and resourceful soldier retains his appeal even today. Therefore, it was Tvardovsky's poem and its main character that became the topic of this article.

Vasya Terkin and "The book about a fighter"

A hero named Vasya Terkin was created before the Great Patriotic War by a team of journalists, one of whom was Tvardovsky. The character was an invincible fighter, lucky and strong, somewhat reminiscent of an epic hero.

On the journalist, who was Tvardovsky, the image of Vasily Terkin evokes the idea of ​​​​creating a full-fledged work in verse. Returning, the writer begins work and intends to complete the book already in 1941 and call it "The Book of a Fighter." However, the new war mixed plans, Tvardovsky went to the front. In the difficult first months, he simply does not have time to think about the work; together with the army, he retreats, leaves the encirclement.

Creating the image of the main character

In 1942, the writer returns to the planned poem. But now her hero is fighting not in the past, but in the current war. The very image of Vasily Terkin in the poem is also changing. Before that, he was a merry fellow and joker Vasya, now he is a completely different person. The fate of other people, the outcome of the war depend on it. June 22, 1942 Tvardovsky announces the new name of the future poem - "Vasily Terkin".

The work was written during the war, almost in parallel with it. The poet managed to quickly reflect the front-line changes and preserve the artistry and beauty of the language. The chapters of the poem were printed in the newspaper, and the soldiers were looking forward to the new issue. The success of the work is explained by the fact that Vasily Terkin is the image of a Russian soldier, that is, collective, and therefore close to every soldier. Therefore, this character was so inspiring and encouraging, giving strength to fight.

The theme of the poem

The main theme of Tvardovsky's poem is the life of people at the front. No matter how cheerfully and provocatively, with humor and irony, the writer described the events and heroes, at the same time he did not let him forget that the war was a tragic and severe test. And the image of Vasily Terkin helps to reveal this idea.

The poet describes both the joy of victory and the bitterness of retreat, the life of a soldier, everything that befell the people. And these tests were passed by people for the sake of one thing: “Mortal combat is not for the sake of glory, for the sake of life on earth!”

But Tvardovsky is not only talking about the war in general. Raises philosophical questions about life and death, peaceful life and battles. The writer looks at the war through the prism of the main human values.

Symbolism in the name of the main character

The image of Vasily Terkin is noteworthy from the point of view of symbolism. An essay dedicated to this hero can be started just from this, and then proceed to a detailed description of the hero, which will be presented in detail below. So, as noted above, the hero of Tvardovsky has changed dramatically, he is no longer the joker Vasya. His place is taken by a real fighter, a Russian soldier with his biography. He participated in the Finnish campaign, then returned to the army in 1941, retreated, was surrounded, then, together with the entire army, goes on the offensive and ends up in Germany.

The image of Vasily Terkin is multifaceted, symbolic, embodying the people, the Russian type of person. It is no coincidence that there is not a single mention of his family, personal relationships in the poem. He is described as a civilian forced to become a soldier. Before the war, Vasily lived on a collective farm. Therefore, he perceives the war as an ordinary civilian: for him it is an unimaginable grief, akin to He lives the dream of a peaceful life. That is, Tvardovsky creates in Terkin the type of an ordinary peasant.

The hero has a speaking surname - Terkin, that is, a seasoned man, worn by life, in the poem it is said about him: "Grated by life."

The image of Vasily Terkin

The image of Vasily Terkin often becomes the theme of creative works. The essay about this character should be supplemented with a little information about the creation of the poem.

The disparate composition of the work is united into one whole by the main character, a participant in all the events described - Vasily Ivanovich Terkin. He himself is from Smolensk peasants. He is good-natured, easy to talk to, tries to maintain morale, for which he often tells soldiers funny stories from his military life.

Terkin was wounded from the first days at the front. But his fate, the fate of a simple man who was able to endure all the hardships of the war, personifies the strength of the Russian people, the will of her spirit and the thirst for the image of Terkin - the fact that he does not stand out in any way, he is neither smarter, nor stronger, nor more talented than others, he, like all: “Just a guy by himself / He is an ordinary ... A guy like that / There is always in every company.”

However, this ordinary person is endowed with such qualities as courage, courage, simplicity. With this, Tvardovsky emphasizes that all these qualities are inherent in all Russian people. And this is precisely the reason for our victory over a ruthless enemy.

But Terkin is not only an experienced soldier, he is also a craftsman, a jack of all trades. Despite the severity of wartime, he repairs watches, sharpens a saw, and plays the accordion between fights.

To emphasize the collective nature of the image, Tvardovsky allows the hero to speak about himself in the plural.

Terkin's conversation with Death is noteworthy. The fighter lies wounded, his life ends, and Bony appears behind him. But the hero agrees to leave with her only if she gives him a reprieve for one day so that he can "hear the victorious salute." Then Death is surprised at this selflessness and retreats.

Conclusion

So, the image of Vasily Terkin is a collective image designed to emphasize the heroism and courage of the Russian people. However, this hero also has individual traits: dexterity, ingenuity, wit, the ability not to lose heart even in the face of death.

The poem "Vasily Terkin" was written by Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky during the Great Patriotic War and was published chapter by chapter in various newspapers. This work supported the fighting spirit of the soldiers, gave them hope, inspired and, most importantly, it could be read from any chapter. This is due to the fact that each chapter in the poem is a separate story, which is full of deep patriotism, optimism, faith in the future.

The image of the main character Vasily Terkin, a simple Russian soldier, is an example of human dignity, courage, love for the Motherland, honesty and selflessness. All these qualities of the hero are revealed in each chapter of the work, but, of course, only the study and analysis of the entire poem as a whole can give a complete picture of the character of the hero, of all his virtues.

Since the work was written during the war, it goes without saying that the main qualities of the hero, on which the author focuses, are selfless courage, heroism, a sense of duty and responsibility.

In the chapter “Crossing”, Vasily Terkin bravely agrees to swim across the icy river, and when he finds himself on the opposite bank, frozen and tired, he immediately begins to report, showing his responsibility and sense of duty:

Allow me to report...

The platoon on the right bank is alive and well

To spite the enemy!

In the chapter "Who shot?" the protagonist, instead of hiding in a trench like everyone else, bravely shoots down an enemy plane from a rifle, risking his life in the process.

The image of Vasily Terkin is multifaceted, he is not only a courageous soldier, but also a wonderful worker-craftsman. And we find confirmation of this in the chapter "Two Soldiers".

Terkin got up:

Or maybe, grandfather, she does not have a divorce?

He takes the saw himself - Come on ...

And in his hands she drank, for sure

Raised pike, Sharp back led.

The same thing happens with the clock, which stood for many years, and in the hands of Vasily it went again. To the old people, in whose house the hero manifests himself as a "jack of all trades", he has deep respect and reverence.

Vasily arouses great sympathy for the people around him also because he has a kind, cheerful disposition, his jokes are witty, they defuse the tense atmosphere, raise the morale of his colleagues, his funny stories distract the soldiers from gloomy thoughts. Terkin has amazing artistic abilities, he plays, sings, dances.

Another important feature of the hero is his spiritual tact, sensitivity and delicacy. When, after being wounded, Vasily was catching up with his detachment, he met tankers on the way. They had an accordion that belonged to a recently killed commander. The hero was imbued with sympathy for the soldiers and immediately gave up the desire to play on it, but the soldiers allowed him to do this and were fascinated by his game.

Throughout the work, Tvardovsky gives characteristics to his hero, expresses a personal attitude to his actions. He does this most openly in the last chapter, and it is this phrase that can be considered one of the main characteristics of Vasily Terkin.