In order to ensure the fire safety specified for a particular building, a fire extinguishing system must be provided during construction. The most common and justified method is considered to be the use of water. Provides this design of internal and external fire water supply simultaneously with the development of the building project.
Submit your applicationGeneral idea of fire water supply
How is a fire hydrant different from a regular one? Why create a separate system? Let's imagine a situation: it is necessary to bring down the flame. It is possible to do this only with a powerful jet of water. Will a household faucet give the right pressure? And will it provide a flow rate of 2.5 liters of water per second? But this is the minimum rate that one fire hydrant gives out. A temporary lack of water in the structure cannot be ruled out either.
Consider the requirements that are taken into account in the design, separately for external and internal water supply, arranged for fire fighting purposes.
Outdoor fire water supply
In full, the system consists of a hydrant, a water intake structure, a water source and water lines. Depending on the conditions and possibilities, water supply units, reservoirs, pumping stations are installed.
The design decision is made in each case individually, taking into account the requirements set forth in SP 8.13130.2009.
The main purpose of the external fire water pipeline is to fill fire equipment with water. It must constantly maintain the specified water pressure. The fire hydrant should be located in a place with free access to it by specialized vehicles. The number of points of water intake by fire equipment (hydrants) in a given territory or in a settlement is calculated in accordance with the standards. The remaining components of the system are responsible for ensuring that the required amount of water is constantly in the tank.
Before drafting an external fire water pipeline, a survey of the area is necessary.
Internal fire water supply
He arranges himself in order to start extinguishing the source of fire as soon as possible: he unfolded the sleeve, opened the valve, and a stream of water began to flow. It should be designed in such a way that it is always in combat readiness.
The internal fire water pipeline consists of pipes and technical means, without which water supply to fire hydrants is impossible. Such means include water pressure, hydropneumatic tanks and pumping units.
The list of conditions under which the construction of a special internal water supply is necessary, the norms and requirements for the components of the ERW are given in SP 10.13130.2009.
The internal fire water supply can be powered from the external one.
Design stages
Having received all the input data related to the object, we proceed to the implementation of the project. Our engineers are faced with the following tasks:
- drawing up a block diagram, which takes into account all the components of the system;
- binding to a building (ERW) or terrain (NTC);
- calculation of the parameters of each node with the selection of equipment, connecting pipes;
- calculation, supply and wiring of power supply;
- drawing drawings and working sketches;
- preparation of budget documentation.
When performing the above points, it is necessary to apply the knowledge and experience of engineers of related specialties: builder, plumber and electrician. With their constant interaction, a water supply system is being developed, the need for the installation of technical means is being considered: tanks, pumping units. The points of their placement are selected. In a high-rise building, for example, a water tank is located on the roof or the upper technical floor (if provided). This is the only way to ensure a fast and adequate pressure supply of water. In some cases, it is advisable to use hydropneumatic tanks in which water is constantly under pressure. By opening the valve of the fire hydrant, you get a jet of the desired pressure.
The contents of the tanks with the simultaneous opening of several PCs are enough for a few minutes, during this time you need to have time to turn on the main pumping station, if it is not provided for automatic switching on. All these moments are modeled and calculated by specialists.
The requirements for the construction and equipment of pumping stations, ensuring their reliable operation at the right time, are especially stringent. For example, blackout protection is performed either by providing an independent power source, or by connecting to at least two different lines or transformer substations.
What does the customer of the project get?
As a result of cooperation with our company, within the contractual period, the customer receives a complete set of design and estimate documentation, made on the basis of the terms of reference accepted by us for execution. The kit includes
- construction drawings with the layout of the system and the installation locations of fire hydrants (fire shields), a tank or tanks with their installation and overall dimensions for ERW;
- construction drawings of each facility (reservoirs, pumping stations, water intake site) with details and connection diagrams for the NPV;
- a complete specification (list) of all parts, materials, devices and finished installations (purchased);
- a set of diagrams: functional, principal, electrical, using which workers will connect all the elements into a reliable workable system.
Please note that for individual components or equipment, the documentation indicates the operating parameters. For example, for pumps, head, flow and power. The specification specifies a specific type, but a similar one may well be applied. This issue is resolved with the customer, the model is specified, since the difference in installation dimensions can lead to a hitch during installation.
Internal fire water supply (IRW) is a complex system of pipelines and auxiliary elements installed to supply water to fire dampers, primary fire extinguishing devices, dry pipe fire locks and stationary fire monitors.
ERW provides fire safety inside public buildings. In accordance with regulatory requirements, the ERW must either be installed mandatory or not installed at all.
The structure of the project documentation of the VPV
The design documentation of the ERW includes the following sections:
- Explanatory note with a list of the equipment used, its characteristics, and a description of the mechanism of operation of the ERW system.
- Plans for each floor of the facility, showing the placement of equipment, fire cabinets and piping network layout.
- Hydraulic calculation of the ERW system, which determines the water flow and pressure at the outlet of fire hydrants.
- Axonometric piping layout.
- Plan of the pumping station.
- Electrical diagram for connecting devices.
- Specification of equipment and materials.
Also, the design documentation of the ERW includes methods for checking and testing the ERW during service maintenance, technical regulations, and the calculation of the number of maintenance personnel.
Design stages
Fire-fighting internal plumbing can be of two types:
- a multifunctional system connected to the household water supply and designed to meet household needs and extinguish a fire if necessary;
- an independent complex of pipelines and technical means, which is mounted over the entire area of the building and works automatically.
In order for ERW equipment to work effectively, it is necessary to pay special attention to the central stages in the design:
- Determining the number of jets produced and the water flow in them. This takes into account the fact that at least two jets from adjacent risers should fall on each point of the room. Therefore, after calculating the number of jets, the number of fire risers and their locations are determined.
- Designing the layout of pipeline networks. In buildings with five or more floors, equipped with fire-fighting plumbing, two-way water supply must be provided. Therefore, risers and taps with water intake risers are looped. Autonomous ERW systems, if appropriate, are connected in an emergency by jumpers to other water pipes.
The development of an ERW project, drawing up drawings and calculations is a laborious process with many nuances and complexities, which only a professional designer can do.
Requirements for the design of ERW
The internal fire water supply should provide automatic operation of the pumps when the fire cock is opened and manual control of the control room or pumping station, as well as from manual fire detectors mounted inside fire cabinets.
The method of supplying water to the water supply system, the number of inputs to the building, the water consumption and the number of fire hydrants are established taking into account the architectural and planning features of the facility.
In the ERW, combined with the utility and drinking system, pipes, fittings, materials and coatings must have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion, and the water quality must meet hygienic standards.
Water consumption and the number of fire hydrants simultaneously used in extinguishing a fire depend on the type and purpose of the building, the number of storeys, the fire hazard category, the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive hazard.
Electrical parts and pipelines of the VPV must be grounded in accordance with GOST 21130 and PUE. If technological installations with a voltage of more than 0.38 kW are located in the coverage area of fire cabinets, then manual fire nozzles are also grounded.
The list of legislative requirements for the design of ERW is regulated by the Joint Venture “Fire protection systems. VPV".
Fire water supply is used in civil and industrial buildings for prompt water supply in case of fire. In the event of a sudden fire, the safety of property and the lives of people present in the premises will depend on this system. Therefore, it is important that at the right time it works correctly in accordance with the current rules and regulations, and allows you to localize the fire as soon as possible. Designing a fire water pipeline (FPV) is an important part of fire safety, which Alfa-Project specialists will handle professionally and on time. We will develop for you a high-quality and efficient system that will work smoothly and without fail for you when you need it.
For more information about the development of a fire water pipeline project and the procedure for performing work, you can find out by phone 211 11 22 , through the online form or send a request by e-mail and we will contact you.
What is a fire water project?
For operational fire extinguishing, a large amount of water is required, which can only be provided by an efficiently operating internal fire water supply system. A fire-fighting water supply system is a system of pipes and valves that allows access to fire-fighting water from anywhere inside a building. The main purpose of the fire water pipeline is the localization of fires and the prevention of their development.
Features of designing a fire water pipeline
Fire water supply can be completely autonomous, or connected to another engineering network. Its calculation is made in accordance with the location and design features of the object.
- According to the location, fire water supply is divided into external and internal:
- Design of an external fire water pipeline (EFP) is an indispensable element of any settlement and is connected to a public water supply.
- Design of an internal fire water pipeline (ERP) buildings and structures is usually multifunctional: domestic and drinking and internal fire fighting. The systems of internal fire water supply and automatic fire extinguishing in most cases should be separate. The composition of the internal fire water supply (along with pipelines and fire hydrants) includes pumping units, shut-off and control valves, manual fire detectors.
In civil engineering, the design of a fire water pipeline is mandatory for residential buildings with a height of more than 12 floors, public and entertainment complexes, hostels - regardless of the number of storeys, administrative buildings - from 6 floors. In objects up to 15 floors, the water supply can be combined with the economic system, in higher ones it should be designed separately. At industrial facilities, fire-fighting water supply is provided for buildings with an area of over 5000 m2. An exception may be objects with a high degree of fire resistance and those in which the use of water can cause an explosion or the spread of fire.
- The design of fire-fighting water pipelines includes the following steps:
- Our specialists inspect the building.
- They will draw up a block diagram, which displays all the elements of the future system with reference to the layout of the facility.
- Our specialists will calculate the throughput, hydraulic resistance, length of pipes and their sections for each branch.
- Work out the power supply scheme.
- Draw diagrams and drawings.
- Let's make a local budget calculation.
- We will hand over the finished documentation to the customer and assist in the coordination if necessary.
The composition of the project fire water pipeline PVV:
- An explanatory note indicating the type of equipment used;
- Hydraulic calculation of the entire fire water supply system;
- Principal structural diagram;
- Floor plans, which indicate the arrangement of equipment and fire cabinets;
- Pump house plan (if necessary);
- Electrical part of the project;
- Specifications of materials and equipment.
List of initial data for the development of the project PIP:
- Design assignment.
- SPOZU section. Scheme of the planning organization of the land plot.
- Section AR. Architectural and space-planning solutions.
- Subsection TX. Technological solutions (explanatory note only).
- Subsection VK. Water supply and sewerage.
Regulatory documents for the fire water pipeline project:
- SNiP 2.04.01-85*. Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings;
- GOST 8220-85. Underground fire hydrants. Specifications;
- GOST R 51844-2009. Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test methods;
- GOST R 12.4.026-2001. SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.
The cost of designing a fire water pipeline
Our experts have extensive experience in the design of fire water pipelines for residential and industrial complexes. Our systems are highly reliable, efficiently cope with their tasks and fully comply with the fire safety class of the building. The cost of our services for the design of the PPV section "Fire water supply" has always been affordable. For each order, we find the most optimal technical solution that best fits into the customer's budget. The cost of the service of designing the IPV system and get answers to other questions, you can call 211 11 22 at any time convenient for you, or with the help of
Efficiency and efficiency in extinguishing fires largely depend on the availability and technical condition of the external fire water pipeline. This main circuit has a rather complex structure, and when building a new facility or equipping an existing one with a system, certain norms and requirements must be observed.
The main document that regulates the procedure for equipping various real estate objects with a main and other constituent elements of an external fire-fighting water supply system is a comprehensive set of basic rules 8-13130-2009, which was approved by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters. In addition, installation work is carried out on the basis of SNIP 2.04.02/84.
Kinds
An external or external fire water supply system (in the documentation you can find the abbreviated name of this system - NPV) is designed to ensure the prompt connection of fire equipment to a water supply source.
This system in most cases is the key to fast and effective localization of the fire area, and also allows you to connect equipment of various formats and types. In addition, the described system is characterized by a high level of security when searching for sources of water supply.
Depending on the design and the intended principle of operation, external fire water pipelines are divided into two main types, namely:
- ring type;
- dead end type.
An annular water supply system allows you to disconnect certain parts of a room or structure from further water supply. Also, unlike the dead-end system, the annular one is distinguished by a lower force of the shock hydrowave. It is not allowed to carry out ringing of fire mains with domestic water supply networks.
Design and installation
An external fire water supply system should be used in settlements with a population of up to five thousand. Also, an external main should be installed to extinguish a possible fire in public buildings and facilities, industrial sector buildings and buildings, the total volume of which is up to 1000 cubic meters. At the same time, production facilities should belong to segments "C", "G" and "D".
When drawing up a working draft and designing the described structures, it is important to correctly calculate and subsequently provide a regulatory indicator that characterizes the level of water consumption.
The amount of liquid consumed should be from 10 to 35 liters for residential buildings, from 10 to 40 liters for commercial and industrial buildings. An important criterion for accurately determining the quantity within the specified ranges is the fire resistance class of the property.
Separately, it is worth considering the requirements of approved standards regarding free pressure in the network. So, at the entrance to the structure, with a maximum load on the internal water supply inside a one-story room, the free pressure should be at least 10 meters.
If there are additional floors, this parameter should increase by 4 meters in relation to each existing floor. The standards also provide for a maximum free pressure indicator, which, for maximum safety, should not exceed 60 meters.
When designing an external fire water pipeline, one should take into account the provided water supply system of the administrative unit or a separate place where the general fire extinguishing system will be installed.
The total number of individual supply lines may depend on this indicator. In the case of two or more separate conduits, consideration should be given to the need for additional locking devices and mechanisms or shut-off valves that will help regulate and concentrate the flow of water to a specific part of a particular property.
When designing outdoor fire safety and plumbing systems, special attention should be paid to choosing the correct pipe diameter. The selection is carried out in accordance with technical calculations, taking into account the possible operation when individual sections are turned off.
The regulated indicator of the diameter of fire-fighting water pipes differs depending on the type of settlement. So, for the installation of an external fire main in the city, pipes with a diameter of at least 10 cm should be used, for rural areas this figure is slightly smaller and amounts to 7.5 cm.
It largely depends on third-party factors, depending on the geographical location and climate zone. So, in areas with the most unstable seismicity, the design and installation of external fire-fighting water supply systems should provide for several water intake lines.
At the same time, the rules prohibit the blind sealing of the pipeline at the entrance through the walls to the building. In this case, the hole is sealed with elastic materials, which ensures the free location of the pipe with a gap of 10 cm.
In regions where a sufficiently low ambient temperature prevails, proper insulation of the pipeline is a prerequisite. In some cases, it is necessary to install additional equipment that provides forced heating of water in the system.
Connecting equipment
Which are an integral part of the external fire main and are a connection point to fire engines and similar equipment, should be installed along the edges of roads at a distance not exceeding 2.5 meters from the pavement, and not less than five meters from the walls of structures. In addition, the rules allow direct contact with the surface of the carriageway itself.
The distance between hydrants depends on their performance and the total internal pressure in the line. An important role in the installation of an external conduit and the installation of fire hydrants is played by high-quality and efficient thermal insulation, which will prevent water from freezing in the cold season.
The duties of public utilities of settlements include the mandatory cleaning of hydrants and other fire-fighting devices and mechanisms from snow drifts and ice in winter.
A prerequisite for the prompt connection of fire fighting equipment to hydrants is the availability of schematic plans and indicators of their location, distance to water intake sources and other information. Such signs are made using reflective paint or equipped with additional light sources.
The fire hydrants themselves should be mounted in specially equipped wells, providing quick access and connection of fire fighting equipment. At the same time, the laying of the conduit itself can be carried out both above the surface of the earth and below it at a certain depth.
Set of rules
The main regulatory document on the basis of which the design and installation of an external fire water pipeline is carried out is a set of rules (codification - SP 8-131 30-2009).
This document was approved in its original version on March 25, 2009 by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, and put into effect on May 1, 2009. In accordance with the requirements of the current legislation, the described set of rules was registered by the state agency for technical regulation and metrology.
The current version of the code of practice for fire protection systems contains 11 main sections, as well as a bibliography. Among the most significant sections, it is necessary to highlight the basic fire safety requirements for the design of external water supply, pumping stations and networks, water consumption rates, etc.
Published on the site: 12/15/2011 at 13:20.
Object: MDOU 191.
Project developer: OOO SPPB.
Developer site: — .
Year of project release: 2011.
Systems: Pump station automation, Fire fighting water supply
Type of construction - repair. The building of the MDOU - kindergarten N191 in Ivanovo is two-story with a basement. Protected premises are heated. The pumping station is in the basement.
System description:
The pumping station of the internal fire water supply is designed to bring the existing internal fire water supply system into line with the current norms and rules. Fire hydrant repairs include:- pumping station of the internal fire water pipeline;
- electric shutter;
- automation of a pumping station and a gate with an electric drive;
- installation of manual fire detectors in each cabinet with a fire hydrant, which serve to remotely turn on the working pump;
- switching on the standby pump in case of failure to start the working pump or not creating
- them design pressure for 10 sec.
- in case of visual detection of small foci of fire, unwind the fire hose, direct the fire nozzle into the combustion zone, manually open the valve at the fire hydrant and break the glass of the manual fire detector. The detector "IPR 513-3 isp.02", installed in the cabinets of fire hydrants, is in the mode of single blinking of the built-in LED with a period of about 4 seconds and a current consumption of up to 50 μA.
- When the plastic window is destroyed, the detectors' LED switches to the constant glow mode, which confirms the signal reception by the control panel. The impulse from the manual fire detector generates a command impulse to the automatic opening circuit of the electric shutter on the water bypass line.
Project drawings
(Serve for review. The project itself can be downloaded by clicking on the link below.).
