Chairman of the Communist Party. About the Communist Party

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The political party "" (hereinafter referred to as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation or the Communist Party of the Russian Federation) was created on a voluntary basis by citizens of the Russian Federation who united on the basis of a common interest to implement its program and statutory goals.

Formed on the initiative of the Communists, the primary organizations of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the CPSU, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continues the work of the RSDLP - RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - VKP (b) - CPSU and CP RSFSR, being their ideological successor. IN AND. Lenin dated the emergence of the Communist Party, Bolshevism "as a current of political thought and as a political party" from 1903, i.e. from the II Congress of the RSDLP.

The leaders, general (first) secretaries, party chairmen for the 110-year period were: V.I.Lenin(until 1924), I.V. Stalin(until 1953), N.S. Khrushchev(1953-1964), L.I. Brezhnev(1964-1982), Yu.V.Andropov(1982-1983), K.U.Chernenko(1983-1984), M.S. Gorbachev(1984-1991), as well as in the Communist Party of the RSFSR - I.K. Polozkov(1990-1991), V.A.Kuptsov(1991) G.A. Zyuganov(since February 1993 - since the re-establishment of the Communist Party of the RSFSR - the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and up to the present).

The party operated underground and semi-legally from 1903 to February 1917. Legally - from March 1917. as the ruling party RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - VKP (b) - CPSU and CP of the RSFSR acted from November 7 (October 25 according to Art. St.) 1917 to August 23, 1991. exercised executive power as part of a coalition government November 1917 to July 1918 (coalition with the Left Social Revolutionary Party), as well as from September 1998 to May 1999. (Primakov-Maslyukov coalition government).

On the basis of Decrees of President B.N. Yeltsin in 1991-1992 and after the execution of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in 1993 activities of the Communist Party in the Russian Federation was banned (suspended).

At the end of 1992, after the decision of the Constitutional Court of the RSFSR, which recognized as unconstitutional the provisions of the Decrees of President B.N. Yeltsin on the dissolution of the organizational structures of the primary party organizations formed on the territorial principle, the party resumed its activities.

Another one an attempt to ban the Communist Party and arrest the leaders of the Communist Party and Communist deputies of the State Duma was undertaken in March 1996 after the State Duma denounced the Belovezhskaya agreements on the dissolution of the USSR.

Communist Party - the party-continuer of the case RSDLP- RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - VKP (b) - CPSU and CP RSFSR registered with the authorities of the current Russian Federation since the II Extraordinary Congress of Communists of Russia (February 13-14, 1993) as the restored Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

The current name is the Political Party " COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION».

Communist Party of the Russian Federation - the party of patriots, internationalists, the party of friendship of peoples, the defense of Russian, Russian civilization. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation, defending communist ideals, defends the interests of the working class, the peasantry, the intelligentsia, and all working people. The Communist Party builds its work on the basis of the Program and the Charter.

On January 1, 2016 in the structure of the Communist Party are functioning 85 regional organizations, 2,350 local and 14,151 primary branches. Since the last Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, more than 60 thousand of our like-minded people have joined the ranks of the Communists HThe membership of the party is 162,173 people.

More than half of Russian communists are people of able-bodied, active age. The social composition of the party: 14% - workers, 13% - employees, about 7% - unemployed, 6.6% - farmers, 4.3% - students, 4.2% - engineering and technical workers, 4% - representatives of the creative intelligentsia , 3% - entrepreneurs, 1.2% - heads of enterprises.

The average age of members of the Communist Party is 55.6 years.

If you are an adult citizen of the Russian Federation, do not belong to another party, share the Program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and recognize its Charter, are not indifferent to the fate of our Motherland and consider capitalism an unjust structure of society, if you want to fight for communist ideals - you can become a communist! More about how to join the Communist Party You can find out in relevant section. If you share the ideas of the Communist Party, are not indifferent to what is happening in Russia today and are ready to provide all possible assistance to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, then You can become a supporter of the Communist Party.

ABOUT governing body structure parties, you can find information in the section Structure of governing bodies.

If you would like to get acquainted with the official documents of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, materials on meetings of the Presidium, Plenums, Congresses, etc., you can find all this in the section Official documents of the Central Committee of the Communist Party.

Get contact information or leave a donation to the party fund, then you can find everything you need in the section of the same name Contact Information .

The banner of the Communist Party is red.

Anthem of the Communist Party - "Internationale".

The symbol of the Communist Party - a symbol of the union of workers of the city, village, science and culture - a hammer, a sickle and a book.

The motto of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is “Russia, labor, democracy, socialism!”

Political parties are an integral part of the political system of a modern democratic society. Etymologically, “party” means “part”, “separateness”, an element of the political system.

THE CONSIGNMENT is a political public organization that fights for power or for participation in the exercise of power. Political Party is an organization of like-minded people representing the interests of citizens, social groups and classes and aiming to implement them by conquering state power or participating in its implementation. The rivalry of political groups, united around influential families or popular leaders, has been a characteristic, essential feature of political history for many centuries. But such organizations, which we call political parties, arose in Europe and in the USA at the beginning of the 19th century.

There are many approaches to defining the essence of political parties: understanding a party as a group of people adhering to one ideological doctrine (B. Konstan.); interpretation of a political party as a spokesman for the interests of certain classes (Marxism); institutional understanding of a political party as an organization operating in the state system (M. Duverger).

Other approaches to the definition of parties: a party is the bearer of an ideology; a party is a long association of people; the purpose of the party is the conquest and exercise of power; The party seeks to enlist the support of the people.

Functions of political parties

Political parties in modern societies perform the following functions:

· representation - expression of interests of certain groups of the population;

socialization - involvement of a part of the population in the number of its members and supporters;

· ideological function - the development of an attractive political platform for a certain part of society;

participation in the struggle for power - the selection, promotion of political personnel and the provision of conditions for their activities;

· participation in the formation of political systems - their principles, elements, structures.

In modern political history, there are types of party systems: bourgeois democratic party system formed in Europe and North America in the 19th century. In its activities it is guided by the following rules: there is a legal struggle for power in society; power is exercised by a party or group of parties that have secured the support of a parliamentary majority; legal opposition constantly exists; there is agreement among the parties within the party system regarding the observance of these rules.

IN bourgeois system formed many types of party coalitions : multi-party coalition - none of the parties is able to achieve a competent majority ; bipartisan coalition - there are two strong parties, each of which is capable of independently exercising power; modified bipartisan coalition - not one of the two main parties collects an absolute majority and they are forced to cooperate with third parties; two-block coalition - two main blocs are fighting for power, and parties outside the blocs do not play a significant role; dominance coalition - one party exercises power independently for a long period; cooperative coalition - the most powerful parties cooperate for a long time and steadily in the exercise of power.

socialist party system there is only one legal party; the party leads the state at all levels of the state apparatus; the emergence of such a political system is associated with the crisis of democratic or authoritarian systems of government.

authoritarian party system this type of government is intermediate, while the dominant factor is the state, and not the party, which plays a secondary role in the process of exercising power. The existence of other parties is also allowed.

This classification experience is based precisely on what the parties say, as opposed to what they actually do. In the world of modern Russian politics, nothing is called by its proper name: the political views that the parties declare do not correspond to their names, the actions of the parties do not correspond to their political views, and the views themselves do not say anything about the interests of those who demonstrate them.

CPRF

Communist Party of the Russian Federation (01.05.2009)

According to the program documents, the party continues the work of the CPSU and the Communist Party of the RSFSR, and, based on the creative development of Marxism-Leninism, has as its goal the construction of socialism - a society of social justice on the principles of collectivism, freedom, equality, stands for genuine democracy in the form of Soviets, the strengthening of a federal multinational of the state, is the party of patriots, internationalists, the party of friendship of peoples, upholding communist ideals, defending the interests of the working class, the peasantry, the intelligentsia, and all working people.

A significant place in the program documents and works of the party leaders is occupied by the confrontation between the new world order and the Russian people with its thousand-year history, with its qualities - "catholicity and sovereignty, deep faith, indestructible altruism and a resolute rejection of the mercantile lures of the bourgeois, liberal-democratic paradise", "Russian question".

The ideological basis for the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is Marxism-Leninism and its creative development.

Party structure

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation builds its work on the basis of the program and charter. The party, all its organizations and bodies operate within the framework of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the federal law "On Public Associations" and other laws of the Russian Federation. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a legal entity from the moment of state registration and carries out its activities in accordance with its statutory goals throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation creates its own regional, local and primary party organizations throughout the Russian Federation. The location of the permanent governing body of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is Moscow.

Communist Party of the Russian Federation(KPRF) is a left-wing political party in the Russian Federation, the most massive of the communist parties in Russia.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation was formed at the II Extraordinary Congress of Communists of Russia (February 13-14, 1993) as the restored Communist Party of the RSFSR. The CP RSFSR, in turn, was created in June 1990 as an association of members of the CPSU in the RSFSR. Its activities were suspended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 23, 1991 N 79 “On the suspension of the activities of the Communist Party of the RSFSR”, and then terminated by Presidential Decree of November 6, 1991 N 169, the possibility of its restoration in its previous form was excluded by the Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation N 9-P dated November 30, 1992.

In August 1996, the secretary of the Central Committee of the RKRP, V. Tyulkin, sent an open letter to Zyuganov, in which he wrote: “Knowing the program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, taking into account the latest

actions of your party, recognizing the right of your organization to its special place in today's political system, at the same time I ask you to consider removing the word "communist" from the name of your party, so as not to discredit the theory itself and not mislead working people. The appeal is completely rhetorical, but some formulations are successful.The Communist Party of the Russian Federation really has little in common with the communist ideology now and occupies its special place in today's political system - on the left flank of the ruling party.

I must say that this place went to the Communist Party of the Russian Federation somewhere in early 1995. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the form in which it exists today appeared relatively late - in early 1993, on the basis of several small communist parties and an asset of the former Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR . In October 1993, she faced her first serious test, but she kept more or less face both in front of the government and (less) in front of the opposition, not taking part in the defense of the White House, but condemning the president's actions. As a result, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation entered the Duma in 1993 with good results. However, the parties and movements with which the Communist Party blocked at the end of 1993 had already drifted to the right by 1995, becoming petty satellites of the party in power, the future leader of the pro-government socialists, Ivan Rybkin, broke away from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation . The Liberal Democratic Party was guided by its own commercial interests. On the eve of the elections, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was forced to take a very cautious position in order not to give rise to a breakdown.

Zyuganov's presidential election campaign was notable for swinging from moderate anti-government rhetoric to a de facto pro-government position (for example, on the issue of Chechnya). In 1995-1996, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation finally took shape as part of the party in power, "looking after" the communist part of the Russian electorate (this was especially pronounced between the two rounds of the 1996 presidential elections).

Positions that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation occupied in the Duma in 1995-1999: The Communist Party of the Russian Federation refused to consider the issue of private property and began to consider the coexistence of state, public and private property "in one bottle" possible. Now it only opposes private ownership of land, believing that land should remain public property. But "it can be transferred to public, farm and peasant farms for permanent, eternal, inherited and leased possession and use. Only homestead and summer cottage plots of land can be transferred to private ownership."

After the transfer of power to a government of people's trust, private property will be preserved so that the "economy develops" ("... Being followers of Ilyich, ... we stand for a multistructural economy." G. Zyuganov), but at the same time, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is going to somehow "to establish self-management and control of labor collectives over production and distribution" under conditions of private property. In matters of state policy, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation takes a moderate national-patriotic position, putting forward as its main slogan "great power, democracy, equality, spirituality and justice." While advocating for the observance of rights and freedoms and the restriction of the president's powers by parliament, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, however, advocates "restoring order and tough actions in Chechnya (by renouncing the notorious right of nations to self-determination).

Thus, in general, the program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation can be called social-democratic with a significant leftist bias. Its main goal in the political struggle is to maintain its broad representation in parliament and (sometimes) to lobby for the interests of pro-communist businessmen. The main electorate of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - residents of small towns and rural areas, mostly pensioners and young people who vote not for the program, but for the name. As sociologists say, "the electorate of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is the least susceptible to PR manipulations, since they do not vote for Zyuganov or against Putin, but for communism, for the name "communist party." , namely, their votes determined the results, for example, of the second round of the presidential elections in 1996. In the regional elections of 1996, 14 governors nominated by the NPSR passed, but this victory was achieved at the expense of the regions traditionally voting for the "left."

The failure in the 2003 elections showed that the party urgently needs to change its pre-election platform and program, since the old slogans, even somewhat democratized, no longer find a response in Russian society. There are fewer and fewer people who vote not for a leader or a program, but for the word “communist”.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation has no popular leaders on a regional scale. Some business executives from the Communist Party moved to the right within the ruling party, for example, Luzhkov's right hand V. Shantsev.

The electorate of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation will most likely continue to decrease over the next four years, but among the supporters from among officials and managers, as well as in the apparatus of the party itself, stratification will most likely deepen: the bulk will remain in the bosom of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the most influential (about one tenth) will "leave" to the right (not very far), and the radical left (also about one tenth) will go over to the extreme left (the party of Tyulkin, etc.). Thus, in the 2007 elections, the leadership should expect an even lower result.

The process of enlargement of various associations caused by the Law "On Political Parties" can finally fulfill the long-standing dream of the leaders of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and put an end to the multi-party system among Russian communists. From the very moment this law was approved, it was obvious that the existing communist associations of the CPSU (b), the RCP-CPSU and the RCWP would in no way be able to recruit the required number of members and regional branches. However, the last point in the history of the existence of small communist parties will be put by the amendments to the Law "On Basic Guarantees of Citizens' Electoral Rights", developed by the Central Election Commission and submitted to the State Duma by the president in August.

The party press is the Pravda newspaper, more than 30 regional publications, the internal Bulletin of Organizational-Party and Personnel Work. Previously, the weekly Pravda Rossii and the magazine Political Education were published, and Radio Resonance was friendly.

The largest friendly newspaper is "Soviet Russia", until 2004 the newspaper "Zavtra" was friendly. In the most popular print media, on TV and the main radio stations, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation has been sparingly represented since its foundation, although not without hesitation. History textbooks and most media do not mention, for example, the abolition by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of a number of provisions of B.N. The Communist Party joins annually 10-15 thousand young people).

Finances of the Communist Party

According to the financial report of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, submitted to the CEC, in 2006 the party received in the form of funds for the implementation of statutory activities: 127,453,237 rubles. Of them:

29% - came from membership fees

30% - federal budget funds

6% - donations

35% - other income

In 2006, the party spent 116,823,489 rubles. Of them:

21% - for promotional activities (information, advertising, publishing, printing)

7% - preparation and holding of elections and a referendum

Biography of the leader

Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov was born. June 26, 1944, in a teacher's family in the village of Mymrino (about 100 km from Orel). Father, Andrei Mikhailovich Zyuganov (d. 1990), was an artillery crew commander, after the war he taught most subjects at the Mymrinskaya secondary school, including the basics of agriculture, excluding foreign and Russian languages ​​​​and literature. Mother - Marfa Petrovna, born in 1915 - taught in the elementary grades of the Mymrinskaya school.

After graduating with a silver medal from the Mymrinsk secondary school of the Khotynets district of the Oryol region in 1961, he worked as a teacher there for a year. In 1962 he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the Oryol Pedagogical Institute, from which he graduated with honors in 1969. In 1963-1966. served in the Soviet army in the radiation-chemical reconnaissance of a group of Soviet troops in Germany (currently a reserve colonel). He taught physics and mathematics at the university. At the same time he was engaged in trade union, Komsomol, party work. In 1966 he joined the CPSU. Since 1967, he was engaged in Komsomol work, worked in elected positions at the district, city and regional levels.

After graduating from the Oryol Pedagogical Institute, he taught there from 1969 to 1970. From 1972 to 1974 he worked as the first secretary of the Oryol regional committee of the Komsomol. In 1974-1983 he was secretary of the district committee, second secretary of the Oryol city committee of the CPSU, then head of the propaganda and agitation department of the Oryol regional committee of the CPSU. At the same time in 73-77 years. was a deputy of the Oryol City Council, from 80 to 83 - a deputy of the Oryol Regional Council of Deputies. From 1978 to 1980 he studied at the main department of the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU, completed postgraduate studies with it as an external student. In 1980 he defended his PhD thesis.

In 1983-1989 Zyuganov worked in the department of agitation and propaganda of the Central Committee of the CPSU as an instructor, head of the sector. In 1989-1990 he was deputy head of the ideological department of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Delegate of the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU (June 1990) and, accordingly, as a representative of the RSFSR - the Constituent Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (June-September 1990).

After the creation of the Communist Party of the RSFSR in June 1990, at the 1st founding congress, he was elected a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, chairman of the permanent Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR on humanitarian and ideological problems, and in September 1990 - secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR.

In July 1991, together with a number of well-known state, political and public figures, he signed the appeal “Word to the people”. In August 1991, he was nominated as a candidate for the election of the 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, but withdrew his candidacy in favor of V. A. Kuptsov due to his lack of experience in parliamentary work.

In December 1991, he was co-opted to the coordinating council of the Russian People's Union. Then he was elected a member of the coordinating council of the Fatherland movement. On June 12-13, 1992, he participated in the 1st Council (Congress) of the Russian National Cathedral (RNS), became a member of the Presidium of the Cathedral.

In October 1992, he joined the organizing committee of the National Salvation Front (FNS). At the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (CP RSFSR) on February 13-14, 1993, he was elected a member of the Central Executive Committee of the party, and at the first organizational plenum of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - chairman of the Central Executive Committee.

On July 25-26, 1993, he took part in the II Congress of the National Salvation Front in Moscow. From 20:00 on September 21, 1993 - after Boris Yeltsin's speech announcing the dissolution of parliament - he was in the House of Soviets, spoke at rallies. On October 3, he spoke on the air of the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, urging the population of Moscow to refrain from participating in rallies and clashes with the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

December 12, 1993 was elected to the State Duma of the first convocation on the federal list of the Communist Party.

In April-May 1994, he was one of the initiators of the creation of the "Consent in the name of Russia" movement. On January 21-22, 1995, at the III Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, he became chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. On December 17, 1995, he was elected to the State Duma of the second convocation on the federal list of the Communist Party.

On March 4, 1996, he was registered as a candidate for the presidency of the Russian Federation. June 16, 1996 presidential elections were held. Gennady Zyuganov's candidacy was supported by 31.96 percent of voters who took part in the voting. On July 3, 1996, during the voting in the second round of the presidential elections in the Russian Federation, 40.41% of voters voted for Zyuganov's candidacy. In August 1996, he was elected chairman of the coordinating council of the People's Patriotic Union of Russia, which included parties and movements that supported G. A. Zyuganov in the presidential elections.

On December 19, 1999, he was elected to the State Duma of the third convocation on the federal list of the Communist Party.

In 2000, in the presidential elections in Russia, he received 29.21% of the vote. In January 2001, at the plenum of the Council of the UCP-CPSU, he was elected chairman of the council of the Union of Communist Parties.

In 2003 he was elected a deputy of the State Duma of the fourth convocation, in 2007 - a deputy of the State Duma of the fifth convocation.

Zyuganov missed the 2004 presidential elections, where the party was represented by Nikolai Kharitonov, and took part in the 2008 elections, finishing second after Dmitry Medvedev (according to official data, more than 13 million votes, or 17.7% of those who took part in the elections).

Author of a series of monographs. He defended his doctoral thesis in philosophy on the topic "Main trends and the mechanism of socio-political changes in modern Russia." In 1996-2004 he headed the People's Patriotic Union of Russia. Since 2001, he has been the head of the Union of Communist Parties - the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

CONCLUSION

During the first few years of the new millennium, Russia managed to make significant progress along the path of forming a party system. A multi-party system has existed in our country since the early 1990s, but the party system is still in its infancy.

The parties are constantly developing, they are conducting a political struggle among themselves, they are developing, uniting and developing joint positions. To increase influence on state structures and to nominate their representatives to power structures.

The formation of a multi-party system in the country is difficult and contradictory. It is still far from the civilized framework dreamed of by connoisseurs and zealots of Western democracy. Most often it happens that parties appear, register, sometimes even disappear, but no one knows who is behind them, who supports them. And this is the main misfortune of many groupings that claim the right to be called parties.

But one thing is clear - the revival of Russia requires not just the interaction of parties, but also the interaction of simple political forces. They must cooperate with each other on reasonable terms.

LITERATURE

1. Reshetnev, S.A. To the question of the classification of political parties in Russia [text] / S.A. Reshetnev // Businessman power. - 2004. - No. 3. - S. 2-4

3. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%9F%D0%A0%D0%A4

4. Dugin A. Left project // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. - 2003. - March 26.5. Sumbatyan Yu. G. Political regimes in the modern world: a comparative analysis. Teaching aid. - M., 1999.

COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (KPRF)– One of the largest political parties in the Russian Federation. She took first place in the elections of the State Duma in the federal constituency in the elections of 1995 and 1999 (22.3% and 24.29% of the votes, respectively), in the elections of the State Duma of the Russian Federation in 1993 received 12.4% of the votes. In fact, it is the legal successor of the Communist Party of the RSFSR as part of the CPSU. Established in February 1993 after the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation allowing the creation and activities of the Communist Party. Registered by the Ministry of Justice on March 24, 1993 (reg. No. 1618). Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and leader of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma of the Russian Federation - Gennady Andreevich Zyuganov, took second place in the presidential elections in the Russian Federation in 1996 and 2000.

The banner of the Communist Party is red. Anthem of the Communist Party - "Internationale". The symbol of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a symbol of the union of workers of the city, village, science and culture - a hammer, a sickle and a book. The motto of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is “Russia, labor, democracy, socialism!”.

The Communist Party of the RSFSR as part of the CPSU was formed in June 1990 at a conference of Russian communists, transformed into the I (Constituent) Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR. In June-September 1990, the composition of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR was formed, headed by the first secretary of the Central Committee, People's Deputy of the RSFSR Ivan Kuzmich Polozkov. On August 6, 1991, I. Polozkov was replaced as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR by Valentin Kuptsov. After the coup attempt in August 1991, the Communist Party of the RSFSR was banned along with the CPSU. At a meeting of the communist and workers' parties of the USSR on August 8-9, 1992, the Roskomsovet was created - the Political Consultative and Coordinating Council of the Communists of Russia, which set as its goal the restoration of a single communist party in Russia. The November 14, 1992 meeting decided to form an initiative organizing committee on the basis of the Roskomsovet to convene and hold the Congress of Communists of Russia, headed by V. Kuptsov. On November 30, 1992, the Constitutional Court overturned the ban on the Communist Party of the RSFSR. After that, G. Zyuganov, co-chairman of the National Salvation Front (FNS), joined the Initiative Organizing Committee and became one of its leaders. On February 13-14, 1993, the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communists of Russia took place in the Klyazma boarding house in the Moscow region, at which the Communist Party of the RSFSR was restored under the name of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CP RF). The congress elected the Central Executive Committee (CEC) of 148 people (89 were representatives of territorial organizations, 44 were personally elected from the central list, 10 from a closed list, that is, without announcing their names; another 5 seats were left for other communist parties). The organizers of the congress first planned that the institution of co-chairmen would be introduced in the party, among which V. Kuptsov would play a leading role. However, General Albert Makashov accused V. Kuptsov of Gorbachevism and demanded that G. Zyuganov be elected the sole leader of the party, and not at the plenum, but directly by the congress. Makashov did not leave the podium until V. Kuptsov promised to support G. Zyuganov's candidacy and not to nominate his own. G. Zyuganov was elected chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. At the suggestion of G. Zyuganov, 6 deputy chairmen were elected: V. Kuptsov, I. Rybkin, M. Lapshin, Viktor Zorkaltsev, Yuri Belov. The chairman and his deputies made up the CEC Presidium of 7 people.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation absorbed most of the “Lenin Platform” (LP), which had separated from the RKWP, headed by Richard Kosolapov, a significant part of the Russian Party of Communists, the Socialist Party of Workers and the Union of Communists, although the latter formally continued to exist independently.

On March 20, 1993, the II plenum of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took place, which decided to vote in the April referendum against confidence in B. Yeltsin, against the government's socio-economic policy, for early presidential elections, against early parliamentary elections. At the 2nd Plenum, V. Kuptsov was elected First Deputy Chairman of the CEC, the composition of the CEC Presidium was expanded to 12 people: A. Shabanov (Moscow), Academician Valentin Koptyug (Novosibirsk), Georgy Kostin (Voronezh), Anatoly Ionov (Ryazan) were additionally elected to the Presidium ), Mikhail Surkov. CEC commissions were formed in various areas of work. The plenum spoke in favor of postponing the 29th Congress of the CPSU, scheduled by its Organizing Committee for March 26–28. In accordance with the decision of the II Plenum, the Communist Party as a whole did not take part in the XXIX Congress of the CPSU on March 27-28, 1993 and at first did not enter the Union of Communist Parties - the CPSU (SKP-CPSU) formed at it. Nevertheless, several members of the CEC of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation were elected to the Council of the UCP-CPSU, and a member of the CEC of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Oleg Shenin headed the Council of the UCP-CPSU.

In September 1993, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation condemned the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation B. Yeltsin on the dissolution of parliament, but, unlike other communist parties, did not take an active part in the events of September 21-October 4. On October 4, 1993, the activities of the party were suspended for several days by the authorities.

October 26, 1993 I Conference of the Communist Party put forward a federal pre-election list of candidates for deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the first convocation. In the elections of December 12, 1993, the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took third place (after the Liberal Democratic Party and the "Choice of Russia"), receiving 6 million 666 thousand 402 votes (12.40%) and, accordingly, 32 mandates under the proportional system, in addition, another 10 candidates nominated by the Communist Party were elected in single-member constituencies. Some representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and politicians close to it were elected to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the first convocation, also on the list of the Agrarian Party of Russia (APR). 13 members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation were elected to the Federation Council of the first convocation. In January 1994, a faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation of 45 deputies was formed in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, G. Zyuganov was elected chairman of the faction, V. Zorkaltsev was elected deputy chairman, and O. Shenkarev (deputy from the Bryansk region) was elected coordinator.

On January 13, 1994, the Communist Party faction nominated a non-partisan faction member V. Kovalev for the post of Chairman of the State Duma, who withdrew his candidacy in favor of I. Rybkin (APR), who was eventually elected Chairman of the State Duma of the first convocation. In accordance with the “package” agreement in the State Duma of the first convocation, the Communist Party faction received the positions of Deputy Chairman of the State Duma (this post was taken by V. Kovalev, and after his appointment as Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation, G. Seleznev became deputy chairman of the State Duma instead of him in early 1995) , chairmen of the committees on security (V. Ilyukhin), on the affairs of public associations and religious organizations (V. Zorkaltsev) and the chairman of the Credentials Commission (V. Sevastyanov).

On April 23-24, 1994, the II All-Russian Conference of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation decided to "consider itself an integral part of the Union of Communist Parties while maintaining organizational independence, its program and statutory documents" (plenum of the Council of the UPC - CPSU on July 9-10, 1994 adopted the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the UPC - CPSU). Two days before the conference, the Plenum of the CEC took place, which introduced A. Lukyanov to the Presidium of the CEC, and A. Shabanov to the number of deputy chairmen of the CEC. M. Lapshin and I. Rybkin (back in 1993 who joined the Agrarian Party) were officially removed from the CEC.

III Congress of the Communist Party January 21-22, 1995 amended the Charter of the party. Instead of the CEC, a Central Committee (CC) of 139 members and 25 candidates was elected. At the first plenum of the Central Committee on January 22, 1995, G. Zyuganov was again elected chairman of the Central Committee without an alternative, V. Kuptsov became the first deputy, A. Shabanov became the deputy, I. Melnikov, Viktor Peshkov, Sergey Potapov, secretaries of the Central Committee, Nikolai Bindyukov and State Duma deputies G. Seleznev. The Presidium of the Central Committee included the chairman, his deputies, 3 secretaries of the Central Committee (I. Melnikov, V. Peshkov and S. Potapov), deputy of the Federation Council Leonid Ivanchenko, deputies of the State Duma A. Lukyanov, V. Zorkaltsev, A. Aparina, V. Nikitin, K. Tsiku, A. Ionov, as well as the chairman of the Leningrad organization Yu. Belov, academician V. Koptyug, the head of the Amur Regional Committee Gennady Gamza, an employee of the Ministry of Agriculture Viktor Vidmanov, G. Kostin and M. Surkov. State Duma deputy Leonid Petrovsky was elected Chairman of the Control and Audit Commission (CCRC). Oleg Shenin, chairman of the Council of the UPC-CPSU, was elected a member of the Central Committee, but refused to run for the presidium of the Central Committee.

On August 26, 1995, the III All-Russian Conference of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took place, at which lists of candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation to the State Duma of the second convocation were formed. The general federal list was headed by G. Zyuganov, A. Tuleev (formally non-partisan) and S. Goryacheva. In the elections to the State Duma on December 17, 1995, the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took first place, collecting 15 million 432 thousand 963 votes (22.30%). In the State Duma of the second convocation, the Communist Party received 157 seats (99 seats under the proportional system, 58 seats in single-seat constituencies). In addition to 157 deputies nominated by the Communist Party itself, 23 candidates were elected to the State Duma, whom the Communist Party of the Russian Federation officially supported. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation received the greatest support in the elections of December 19, 1995 in North Ossetia (51.67%), in the Oryol region (44.85%), in Dagestan (43.57%), in Adygea (41.12%), in the Tambov region (40.31%), in Karachay-Cherkessia (40.03%), in the Penza region (37.33%), in the Ulyanovsk region (37.16%), in the Amur region (34.89%), in the Smolensk region (31.89%), in the Belgorod region (31.59%), in the Ryazan region (30.27%).

The faction of the Communist Party in the State Duma of the second convocation on January 16, 1996 consisted of 149 deputies, whose number was later reduced to 145. Then, by decision of the leadership of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, some of the deputies were delegated to the Agrarian Deputy Group and the People's Power group, close to the Communist Party faction, in order to achieve the necessary number for registration. During the entire convocation in the State Duma there was a stable left majority in the composition of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Agrarian Group and the People's Power group. The total number of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the majority of the ADF and the "People's Power" was about 220 deputies, with the participation of a number of independent deputies, the left gained up to 225-226 votes. The representative of the Communist Party G. Seleznev was elected Chairman of the State Duma of the second convocation. In addition, in accordance with the “package agreement”, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation received in the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the second convocation the positions of one of the deputy chairmen of the State Duma (he elected S. Goryacheva), chairman of the Credentials Commission (V. Sevostyanov), 9 posts of committee chairmen and one deputy chairman in the remaining 19 committees. In particular, representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation headed the committees on legislation and judicial and legal reform (A. Lukyanov), on veterans' affairs (V. Varennikov), on education and science (I. Melnikov), on women, families and youth (A. Aparina) , Economic Policy (Yu. Maslyukov), Security (V. Ilyukhin), Federation Affairs and Regional Policy (L. Ivanchenko), Public Associations and Religious Organizations (V. Zorkaltsev), Tourism and Sports (A. Sokolov). S. Reshulsky became the coordinator of the faction instead of O. Shenkarev, who was expelled from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

The All-Russian Conference of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on February 15, 1996 supported G. Zyuganov's candidacy for the presidency of the Russian Federation, put forward by an initiative group of citizens. In February-March 1996, a Block of People's Patriotic Forces was formed around the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, which supported G. Zyuganov. In the first round of the presidential elections on June 16, 1996, G. Zyuganov received 24 million 211 thousand 790 votes, or 32.04% (second place, B. Yeltsin - 35.28%), in the second round on July 3, 1995 - 30 million. 113 thousand 306 votes, or 40.31% (B. Yeltsin - 53.82%).

In addition, during the gubernatorial elections of 1996–1997, a number of representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation became governors of such Russian regions as the Bryansk region (Yu. Lodkin), the Voronezh region (A. Shabanov), the Tula region (V. Starodubtsev), the Ryazan region (V. Lyubimov), Amur Region (A. Belonogov), Stavropol Territory (A. Chernogorov), etc.

In August 1996, on the basis of the people's patriotic bloc, the People's Patriotic Union of Russia (NPSR) was established, with G. Zyuganov as its chairman. After the defeat in the presidential elections of 1996, while maintaining the oppositional rhetoric in general, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation as a whole in 1996–1998 actually supported the government of V. Chernomyrdin: it voted for approval by the prime minister, for the budget proposed by the government, etc. After the creation of the NPSR and the approval of Chernomyrdin (with the participation of the left wing of the Duma) as Chairman of the Government, several members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and deputies of the Duma (including T. Avaliani, I. Zhdakaev, A. Salii, V. Shandybin) sent a letter to party members about the threat liquidationism and the tendency to integrate the Communist Party of the Russian Federation into the bourgeois two-party system. However, since the spring of 1998 (after the appointment of S. Kiriyenko as prime minister), the opposition mood of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and, as a result, the majority in the State Duma of the Russian Federation has increased dramatically.

At the IV Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on April 19-20, 1997 and the I Plenum of the new Central Committee, G.A. Zyuganov was re-elected chairman with 1 vote against. V.A. Kuptsov again became the first deputy chairman, I.I. Melnikov was elected instead of A.A. Shabanov. The composition of the Presidium and the secretariat was rotated by 1/3.

In August-September 1998, the State Duma rejected V. Chernomyrdin's candidacy for the post of prime minister twice in a row. On September 11, 1998, the majority of the members of the faction supported the candidacy of E. Primakov for the post of prime minister. Y.Primakov's cabinet included members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Yu.Maslyukov (First Deputy Prime Minister) and Gennady Khodyrev (Minister for Antimonopoly Policy and Entrepreneurship Support) - formally on an individual basis, but in fact with the approval of the party leadership. Supported by the leadership of the Communist Party, V. Gerashchenko was appointed chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

On May 23, 1998, the V (extraordinary) Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was held behind closed doors in Moscow, in which 192 delegates took part. A. Makashov spoke to the delegates about the "Leninist-Stalinist platform in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation", but the proposal to introduce a clause into the charter allowing the existence of platforms and factions within the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was not supported. On May 22, 1998, a meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was held, at which all party members who signed the statement on the creation of the "Lenin-Stalin Platform" were asked to remove their signatures before June 1, 1998. On June 20, 1998, the VIII Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was held in Moscow, which was preceded by an extended meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, where the personal files of the initiators of the creation of the "Lenin-Stalin platform" - A. Makashov, L. Petrovsky, R. Kosolapov and A. Kozlov were considered. No action was taken against them, however.

Simultaneously with the support of the government of Y.Primakov, representatives of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation continued to organize the impeachment procedure against the President of the Russian Federation B.Yeltsin.

On May 15, 1999, a vote was held, during which none of the five points of charges against B. Yeltsin received the required majority of 300 votes. The largest number of votes was collected by the third point of the accusation (on the war in Chechnya) - 284 votes. The deputies of the faction voted in solidarity on all points of the accusation. Leftist support for the Primakov government, along with an unwillingness to end the impeachment proceedings, was one of the factors that led to the resignation of the Primakov government in May 1999.

After Primakov's dismissal, the Communist Party faction nevertheless actually voted in May 1999 for the approval of Sergei Stepashin as prime minister. After the dismissal of S. Stepashin in August 1999, 32 deputies of the Duma from the Communist Party faction voted for the approval of the new Prime Minister V. Putin (including G. Seleznev and the coordinator of the faction Sergei Reshulsky), 52 deputies (incl. A. Lukyanov and A. Makashov) - against, the rest abstained or did not vote, G. Zyuganov did not vote.

On October 30, 1998, the 11th plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was held in Moscow, at which it was decided that the Communist Party of the Russian Federation would go to the upcoming elections to the State Duma in 1999 on its own (the concept of left-communist forces entering the elections in "three columns"), and in the presidential elections Russia in 2000 will be nominated by a single candidate from the left. By the end of July 1999, the leadership of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation came to the conclusion that the tactics of the campaign of "people's patriotic forces" in the Duma "in three columns" were erroneous and suggested that the parties included in the NPSR create a single left-patriotic bloc under the conditional name "For Victory!". At the VI Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on September 4, 1999, it was decided to go to the polls under its own name, a significant number of non-party and activists of other leftist parties and movements were included in the lists of candidates from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, including A. Tuleev, S. Glazyev, leader of the Agrarian Deputy group in the Duma N. Kharitonov, chairman of the Central Committee of the trade union of workers of the agro-industrial complex Alexander Davydov. The first three of the list included G. Zyuganov, G. Seleznev, the governor of the Tula region V. Starodubtsev.

In the elections of December 19, 1999, the list of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took first place, receiving 16 million 195 thousand 569 votes (24.29%) of voters, 67 deputies were elected according to the proportional system, another 46 party candidates were elected in single-mandate constituencies. In the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the third convocation, with the help of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, an Agro-Industrial Deputy Group was also formed, headed by N. Kharitonov.

In the presidential elections on March 26, 2000, the candidate of the NPSR and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation G. Zyuganov took second place (29.21% against 52.94% for the acting president V. Putin, who won).

In December 2000, the VII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the I Plenum of the Central Committee of the new composition took place. The Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation included the chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation G. Zyuganov, the first deputy chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation V. Kuptsov, the deputy chairman of the Central Committee (for ideology) I. Melnikov, the deputy chairman of the Central Committee (for regional policy), the first secretary of the Rostov Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation L Ivanchenko, as well as Yu. Belov, Chairman of the Board of Agropromstroybank V. Vidmanov, N. Gubenko, First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation A. Kuvaev, Secretaries of the Central Committee V. Peshkov, S. Potapov, S. Reshulsky, First Secretary of the Samara Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation V. Romanov, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma of the Russian Federation P. Romanov, First Secretary of the Udmurt Republican Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation N. Sapozhnikov, Chairman of the State Duma G. Seleznev, political observer of the newspaper "Soviet Russia" A. Frolov and First Secretary of the Chuvash Republican Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation V. Shurchanov (17 people in total). N. Bindyukov (for international affairs), V. Kashin Vladimir Ivanovich (for agrarian issues), O. Kulikov (for information and analytical work), V. Peshkov (for election campaigns), S. Potapov (for organizational issues), S. Reshulsky (for relations with deputies), S. Seregin (for the labor movement and trade unions). Vladimir Nikitin, the first secretary of the Pskov Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, was elected Chairman of the Central Control and Auditing Commission. At the I Plenum of the Central Committee on December 3, 2000, 11 people from the previous composition were not re-elected to the new leadership, including A.I. Lukyanov, chairman of the Central Committee V.G. Yurchik. A.I. Lukyanov was elected Chairman of the Advisory Council, V.A. Safronov - Chairman of the Personnel Commission, E.B. Burchenko - Executive Director of the Central Committee. At the II Plenum of the Central Committee on April 13–14, 2001, T.A. Astrakhankina was elected secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation for social issues.

On January 19, 2002, the VIII (extraordinary) Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation took place in Moscow, which officially transformed the Communist Party of the Russian Federation from a socio-political organization into a political party in accordance with the new federal law About political parties. The congress elected a new composition of the Central Committee and the CRC of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, in general, the composition of the leading bodies of the party remained almost unchanged.

At the beginning of the third convocation of the State Duma, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation entered into a tactical alliance with the "Unity" faction and the "People's Deputy" group, the result of this tactical alliance was the re-election of the representative of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation G. Seleznev as the chairman of the State Duma and, disproportionate to their number in the deputy corps, receiving these deputy associations, the number of leadership positions in the State Duma: in addition to 9 committees and a mandate commission, a representative of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation P. Romanov became deputy chairman of the State Duma, another representative of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation G. Semigin became deputy chairman of the State Duma under the APG quota. However, the unwillingness of the communists to support many legislative initiatives of the government and the negative attitude of the majority of the media towards the union of leftists and centrists led to an increasing cooling of relations between the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and Unity. As a result, on April 3, 2002, the right and centrists united and voted for the redistribution of leadership positions in the State Duma of the third convocation: the communists were left with 3 committees out of 9, and the agro-industrial group 1 out of 2. The leadership of the State Duma apparatus was also replaced, instead of the representative of the left, N. Troshkin, this the post was taken by the centrist A. Lotorev. Members of the faction were dismissed from their posts - the chairmen of the committees on state building (A. Lukyanov), on education and science (I. Melnikov), on industry, construction and high technologies (Yu. Maslyukov), on labor and social policy (V. Saikin), for Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship (G.Glazyev), for Federation Affairs and Regional Policy (L.Ivanchenko) and Chairman of the Credentials Commission V.Sevostyanov. The plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in this situation demanded that the three remaining chairmen of the communist committees and the chairman of the State Duma G. Seleznev leave their posts. However, after the revision of the package agreement, representatives of the faction Speaker G. Seleznev, N. Gubenko (Chairman of the Committee on Culture and Tourism) and S. Goryacheva (Chairman of the Committee on Women, Family and Youth Affairs) decided to remain in their posts contrary to the decision of the faction. As a result, the Plenum of the Central Committee on May 25, 2002 decided to expel them from the Communist Party. The Duma majority decided to keep N. Gubenko and S. Goryacheva, who had become non-party, in their posts. Thus, at present, the only representative of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation among the chairmen of the committees is the chairman of the committee for public and religious organizations, V. Zorkaltsev.

In general, the Communist Party faction in the State Duma traditionally supports draft laws and regulations protecting the interests of the military-industrial complex and the agro-industrial complex, as well as bills aimed at strengthening social guarantees for the population. At the same time, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation votes for numerous bills that tighten repressive and administrative legislation.

There are three main trends in the Communist Party of the Russian Federation: the national reformist, which calls itself "people's patriotic" (G. Zyuganov, Yu. Belov, V. Ilyukhin, A. Makashov), the social reformist, evolving towards social democracy (its informal leader was G. Seleznev, now this trend is greatly weakened, V. Kuptsov is close to him) and orthodox communist (R. Kosolapov, L. Petrovsky, T. Astrakhankina).

The ideology of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is based on the ideas of Marxism-Leninism, has as its goal the construction of socialism - a society of social justice on the principles of collectivism, freedom, equality, stands for genuine democracy in the form of Soviets, and the strengthening of a federal multinational state. According to the Charter of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, "defending communist ideals, it protects the interests of the working class, the peasantry, the intelligentsia, and all working people."

The program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation states that “the fundamental dispute between capitalism and socialism, under the sign of which the 20th century passed, has not been completed. Capitalism, which dominates today in most of the world, is a type of society where material and spiritual production is subject to market laws of maximizing profits, the accumulation of capital, striving for unlimited growth. In the second half of the 20th century, due to new sophisticated methods of colonization, predatory exploitation of the material, labor and intellectual resources of most of the planet, a group of developed capitalist countries, the so-called "golden billion" of the population, entered the stage of a "consumer society", in which consumption is no longer a natural function. of the human organism turns into a new "sacred duty" of the individual, on the zealous fulfillment of which his social status entirely depends ... At the same time, capitalism has not lost its nature at all. The poles of contradiction between labor and capital were taken out of the state borders of developed countries and distributed across the continents. The new structure of the capitalist world allowed it to maintain relative stability, reduce the militancy of the labor movement, smooth out social conflicts in the leading countries, turning them into interstate conflicts. However, having ensured a high level of consumption and growth rates for a small group of countries, capitalism has brought humanity to a new round of contradictions, giving rise to hitherto unknown global problems of the Earth - environmental, demographic, ethno-social. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation believes that for Russia the most reasonable and in line with its interests is the choice of optimal socialist development, during which socialism as

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation proclaims three political stages for the consistent peaceful achievement of its goals. At the first stage, the communists organize the protection by the working people of their social, economic and political interests, and lead the mass demonstrations of the working people for their rights. The party, together with its allies, seeks the formation of a government of national salvation. He will have to eliminate the catastrophic consequences of the "reforms", stop the decline in production, and ensure the basic socio-economic rights of workers. It is designed to return to the people and take under the control of the state the property appropriated contrary to public interests. Create conditions for producers to work effectively within the law. At the second stage, after achieving relative political and economic stability, the working people will be able to participate more actively and more widely in the management of state affairs through the Soviets, trade unions, workers' self-government and other organs of direct democracy born of life. The economy will clearly show the leading role of socialist forms of management, which are socially, structurally, organizationally and technically the most suitable for ensuring the well-being of the people. The third stage, according to the ideologists of the Communist Party, will mark the final formation of socialist relations on an economic basis that meets the requirements of the optimal socialist development model. Social forms of ownership of the means of production will dominate. As the level of real socialization of labor increases, their dominance in the economy will gradually be established.

The minimum program of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation provides for priority measures to implement the strategic goals of the party, which it sees in achieving by all legal means: the adoption of amendments to the laws on the electoral system and the referendum, guaranteeing full consideration of the free expression of the will of citizens, control of voters over elected representatives of power; for the purpose of peacefully resolving the political crisis in the country, early elections of the President of the Russian Federation and the creation of a government of national salvation; cessation of fratricidal interethnic conflicts, restoration of friendship and cooperation between peoples; denunciation of the Bialowieza agreements and gradual restoration on a voluntary basis of a single union state; ensuring the maximum possible representation of workers in government bodies, self-government at various levels, protecting the rights of labor collectives; prevention of private ownership of land and natural resources, their sale and purchase, the implementation of the principle "the land belongs to the people and those who cultivate it"; the adoption of laws on employment and the fight against unemployment, ensuring in practice a real living wage for the population; stopping the denigration of Russian and Soviet history, memory and teachings of V.I. Lenin; ensuring the right of citizens to truthful information, access to the state media of all public and political forces operating within the framework of the law; nationwide discussion and adoption by a majority of voters of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation.

After coming to power, the party undertakes: to form a government of people's confidence, accountable to the highest representative bodies of power in the country; restore Soviets and other forms of democracy; restore popular control over production and income; to change the economic course, to carry out emergency measures of state regulation in order to stop the decline in production, fight inflation, and improve the standard of living of the people; to return to the citizens of Russia guaranteed socio-economic rights to work, rest, housing, free education and medical care, secure old age; terminate international treaties and agreements that infringe upon the interests and dignity of Russia; introduce a state monopoly of foreign trade on strategic goods, including raw materials, scarce types of food and other consumer goods, etc.

A citizen joining the Communist Party of the Russian Federation submits a personal written application and recommendations of two members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation who have a party experience of at least one year. The issue of admission to the party is decided by the general meeting of the primary branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, located on the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation, in which the citizen permanently or predominantly resides. In exceptional cases, the issue of admission to the party can be decided by the Bureau of the Committee of the corresponding local or regional branch of the Communist Party. Membership in a party is suspended for the period when a member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation performs state or other duties, for the performance of which the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional law or federal law does not allow membership in political parties. The decision to suspend and resume membership in the party is made by the general meeting of the primary branch of the Communist Party, in which the communist is registered or by other bodies specified in clause 2.6. Charter of the Communist Party. Members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation under the age of 30 can unite in youth sections, which are created at large primary branches or party committees.

The supreme governing body of the party is the Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Regular congresses are convened by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation at least once every four years. The decision to convene the next Congress, approve the draft agenda of the Congress and establish the norm of representation is announced no later than three months before the Congress. An extraordinary (extraordinary) Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation may be convened by the Central Committee on its own initiative, at the suggestion of the Central Control and Audit Commission of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation or at the request of the Committees of the regional branches of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, uniting at least one third of the total number of members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

The permanent governing body of the party is the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, whose members are elected by secret ballot by the Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The central bodies of the party are the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation elects from among its members for the term of office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation the Chairman of the Central Committee, the First Deputy and Deputy Chairman of the Central Committee, as well as members of the Presidium of the Central Committee and terminates their powers ahead of schedule, elects from its membership the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, convenes regular and extraordinary Congresses of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation , determines the date and place of their holding, as well as the draft agenda and the norm of representation at the Congress from regional branches; issues a warning or removes from the performance of his duties the first secretary of the Committee of the local or regional branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the cases and in the manner prescribed by the Charter; dissolves the Committee of the local or regional branch of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the cases and in the manner prescribed by the Charter. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation develops documents on the most important issues of socio-economic and political life on the basis of the Party Program and decisions of the Congresses of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, organizes the implementation of the decisions of the Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, develops proposals on the internal and foreign policy of the party, determines the tactics of the party for the current period, coordinates the activities of the Communist Party faction in the State Duma, as well as deputy factions of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, etc.

Plenums of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation are convened by the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation as needed, but at least once every four months. Extraordinary Plenums of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation are convened by its Presidium on its own initiative, as well as at the request of at least one third of the members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation or at least one third of the Committees of the regional branches of the Communist Party. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation has the right, by its decision, to co-opt into its composition new members from among the candidates elected by the Congress of the Party by secret ballot to replace the members of the Central Committee of the Communist Party who left.

To resolve political and organizational issues between the Plenums of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Central Committee elects the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation for the term of its powers. The Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation includes the Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the First Deputy and Deputy Chairmen of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, as well as members of the Presidium. To organize the current work, as well as to verify the execution of decisions of the central bodies of the party, the Central Committee of the Communist Party elects the Secretariat, which is accountable to the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The direct management of the activities of the Secretariat is carried out by the Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and during his absence, on his behalf, one of the Deputy Chairmen of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The Secretariat includes the Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, who oversee certain areas of the party's activities.

The central control body of the party is the Central Control and Auditing Commission of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. By decision of the permanent governing bodies of the structural divisions of the Communist Party or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Advisory Councils from among the most experienced and trained members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation can be created under these bodies. The recommendations of the Advisory Councils are considered by the Committees or the Bureau of the Committees of the relevant structural units or the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation or its Presidium without fail.

Alexander Kynev

Literature:

Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Congress (7; 2000; Moscow). VII Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation: 2–3 Dec. 2000: (Materials and Doc.) / Resp. for issue Burchenko E.B. M.: Central Committee of the Communist Party, 2001
Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in the State Duma// Deputies of the Communist Party faction reflect on the fate of Russia: Sat. interview and article / Fraction Kom. party Ros. Federation. M., 2001



political party, is the successor of the cause of the CPSU, aims to build socialism - a society of social justice on the principles of collectivism, freedom, equality, advocates democracy in the form of Soviets, strengthening the federal Russian state (recognizes the equality of all forms of ownership). It builds its work on the basis of the program and charter, all its organizations and bodies operate within the framework of the Constitution and legislation of the Russian Federation. The primary organizations of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation operate in all regions, districts and cities of Russia without exception. The vertical structure of the party is supported by horizontal ones, consisting of councils of secretaries of primary, district and city organizations. Attributes of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation: red banner, anthem "International", emblem - hammer, sickle, book (symbol of the union of workers of the city, village, science and culture), motto - "Russia, labor, democracy, socialism." The highest body of the party is the congress, which elects the Central Committee and its chairman, who since 1993 has been G.A. Zyuganov. The printed organs of the party are the newspapers Pravda, Pravda Rossii, and more than 30 regional newspapers. The Communist Party of the RSFSR as part of the CPSU was formed in June 1990 at a conference of Russian communists, transformed into the First (Constituent) Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR. In June-September 1990, the composition of the Central Committee of the Party was formed, headed by the first secretary of the Central Committee IP Polozkov, who was soon replaced by V. Kuptsov. After the events of August 1991, communist organizations in Russia were banned. But in November 1992 the Constitutional Court of Russia overturned the ban on the Communist Party of the RSFSR. On February 13, 1993, the Second Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR took place. The congress announced the resumption of the activities of the party, which became known as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. In March 1993, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was officially registered as a public organization. At the congress, the program statement of the party and its charter were adopted. The resolutions of the congress became the basis for the restoration and creation of primary, district, city, district, regional, regional and republican organizations of the Communist Party, the mobilization of communists to fight the ruling regime. In the context of the strengthening of authoritarian state power in Russia during the years of Putin's presidency, economic growth, improvement in the material situation of people in the 2000s. the influence of the communists in the country declined. Gradually, the communists also lost most of the governor's posts in the regions. Since the presidential elections of 2004, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation has consistently been in opposition to Putin's socio-economic policy.

Great Definition

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COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (KPRF)

one of the most influential political parties in modern Russia. The sector of the political field, which the party traditionally occupies, can be characterized as leftist - from elements of left radicalism to social democracy. Despite the relative homogeneity of the ideological platform, large national-radical and international-moderate ideological and political currents coexist in the party. The party has at least 500,000 members. The party's social base is made up mainly of middle-aged and elderly people (the average age of members is about 50 years). The party publishes more than 150 newspapers.

The party is based on the territorial principle. One of the few parties that has structures in all regions of the Russian Federation. The total number of primary organizations is about 26 thousand. Its governing bodies are the Central Committee - 143 members, 25 candidate members, the Presidium of the Central Committee - 17 members, the Secretariat - 5 members.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation has the principle of democratic centralism (mandatory implementation by the minority of all decisions of the majority). The highest body of the Party is the congress, which meets at least once every three years. In the period between congresses, the party is led by the Central Committee, and in the intervals between the plenums of the Central Committee, the Presidium of the Central Committee. Members of the Central Control and Auditing Commission (CCRC) elected at the congress may also participate in the work of the Central Committee. G. A. Zyuganov has been the Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation since February 1993. The Presidium and Secretariat of the CPRF Central Committee include Yu. P. Belov, V. I. Zorkaltsev, V. A. Kuptsov (First Deputy Chairman of the CPRF Central Committee), V. P. Peshkov, M. S. Surkov, A. A. Shabanov and etc.

The main goals of the statutory activities are: propaganda of socialism as a society of social justice and freedom, collectivism, equality, genuine democracy in the form of Soviets; formation of a market-oriented, socially oriented, environmentally safe economy that guarantees a stable increase in the living standards of the gray dan; strengthening the federal multi-national state with equal rights for all subjects of the Russian Federation; the inseparable unity of human rights, the complete equality of citizens of any nationality throughout Russia, patriotism, friendship of peoples; cessation of armed conflicts, resolution of contentious issues by political methods; protection of the interests of the working class, the peasantry, the intelligentsia, all working people.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) is an all-Russian political party. It was formed on the initiative of the Communists, the primary organizations of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the CPSU, being their ideological successor.

The main goal of the Communist Party is to build socialism - a society of social justice on the principles of collectivism, freedom, equality. The party advocates democracy in the form of Soviets, the strengthening of a federal multinational state.

The Communist Party of the RSFSR as part of the CPSU was formed in June 1990 at a conference of Russian communists, transformed into the I (constituent) congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR. In June-September 1990, the Central Committee of the Party was formed. After the events of August 1991, communist organizations in Russia were banned. In November 1992, the Russian Constitutional Court overturned the ban on the Communist Party of the RSFSR. On February 13-14, 1993, the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR was held. The congress announced the resumption of the activities of the party, which became known as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

The Charter of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation was adopted by the II Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on February 14, 1993. Amendments and additions were made: by the IV congress on April 20, 1997, by the V (extraordinary) congress on May 23, 1998, by the VIII (extraordinary) congress on January 19, 2002, by the XI (extraordinary) congress on October 29, 2005.
At a meeting of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation on January 17, 2013, a resolution was adopted to publish a draft new charter of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation builds its work on the basis of the program and charter and operates within the framework of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law "On Political Parties" and other laws of the Russian Federation.

The structure of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation includes primary branches, local branches and regional branches, which are structural divisions of the party.
The supreme governing body of the party is the Congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The permanent governing body of the party is the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The central organs of the party are the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The central control bodies of the party are the Central Control and Auditing Commission of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the Presidium of the Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

As of January 1, 2013, 81 regional organizations, 2278 local and 13726 primary branches function in the structure of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The membership of the party exceeds 157 thousand people.

A member of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation can be a capable citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 18, who recognizes and implements the program and charter of the party, is registered and participates in the work of one of the primary party branches, and regularly pays membership dues.

The party has its own flag, anthem, emblem and other symbols.
The flag of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a red flag, the width of which is two thirds of its length. Anthem of the Communist Party - "Internationale". The emblem of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation is a hammer, sickle and an open book interconnected, symbolizing the solidarity of workers, peasants and intellectuals.

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