The modern flag of the Republic of Kalmykia was created according to the sketch of the artist B.B. Erdneev. In July 1993, the flag was approved and has been the official symbol of the independent republic ever since.
Flag Description
The flag of Kalmykia is a yellow rectangle with the image of a white lotus placed in a circle of the color of the sky. The color of the sun or the color of gold is a Buddhist creed. Blue is the symbol of heaven and freedom. In the generally accepted interpretation, blue is a symbol of eternity and constancy. The lotus flower is one of the most ancient symbols in Buddhism. It symbolizes the purity of the soul, the desire for happiness and prosperity.
The emblem with a flower is located in the center of the panel. In the figure, a lotus flower is depicted with nine snow-white petals, five of which reach for the sky, and four look down. Each of the top petals of the flower symbolizes one of the five continents of the world. The personification of the four cardinal points is a row of lower petals. The emblem of the Republic of Kalmykia was conceived as a symbol of friendship and cooperation of all countries and peoples of the world.
The pole, to which the flag is attached, ends with a tip similar to the tongues of a red fire. The symbol of the union of the ancient Kalmyk people is also depicted on the shaft in the form of four crossed circles.
Coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia
4 facts from the history of creation
Today it is already the fourth version of the state symbol of the Republic of Kalmykia.
The first flag of Kalmykia was approved in 1937. On the red cloth in the left corner, in gold letters and in two languages: Russian and Kalmyk, it was written - “R.S.F.S.R. R.S.F.S.R. Kalmytskaya A.S.S.R. HALMG A.S.S.R.”
On the second flag, a pentagonal star was painted on top, and below it was the symbol of the USSR - a hammer and sickle. Also, a blue stripe was added from the left edge of the rectangle across the entire width of the flag. These changes took place in 1978.
In 1992, after the independence of the republic was recognized (1991), the name of the state changed to the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangch. In the same year, the symbol of the republic was changed and the third flag of the Republic of Kalmykia appeared.
Three different horizontal stripes now flaunted on a large panel: a bright blue stripe on top, scarlet on the bottom, and a bright yellow stripe in the middle. The ancient word "Kalmyk" was written in red letters on the yellow stripe.
Now we have the fourth flag, which we called “Ulan zalata halmg”.
Flag sizes
The ratio of the flag's length to width is 2:1, and the ratio of the circle's radius to the flag's width to the circle's radius is 7:2.
Capital: Elista
Total area: 76,100 km²
Date of formation: 9. 1. 1957
Population: 278,855
Currency: Russian ruble (RUB)
Telephone code: 847
Colors: yellow, blue, white
Shapes: lotus, circle
Continent: ,
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
MBOU "Artesian Secondary School No. 2" Title of work: "Symbols of the Republic of Kalmykia". Nomination: multimedia publications Type of work: multimedia presentation Information about the author: Sharashkieva Amulanga, 5th grade student Information about the consultant: Dzhinkeyeva Irina Davidovna, teacher
2 slide
Description of the slide:
I live in the Republic of Kalmykia. The Republic of Kalmykia (Kalm. Khalmg Tanguch) is a republic, a subject of the Russian Federation, part of the Southern Federal District. The capital is the city of Elista. It borders on the Republic of Dagestan in the south, on the Stavropol Territory in the southwest, on the Rostov Region in the west, on the Volgograd Region in the northwest, and on the Astrakhan Region in the east.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
Nomadic in the upper reaches of the Yenisei River, in the area called Sekizmuren (Eight Rivers), the ancestors of modern Kalmyks were conquered by Genghis Khan in 1208 and in the Mongol army they made up the left wing - dzuun gar (hence the name - Dzungars, Dzungaria). Initially, the Kalmyks lived in Dzungaria (which was the name of the vast country between the Altai, Tien Shan, the Gobi Desert and Lake Balkhash; in our time, only the northern part of East Turkestan or Xinjiang is called Dzungaria), where, after the fall of the Mongol Yuan dynasty in 1368 in China, the Tsoros tribes ( Dzungars), Derbets, Torgouts and Khoshouts signed an alliance "Derben Oirot", i.e. "four close ones", whence the first historical self-name of the Kalmyks - Oirots ("close ones"). At the beginning of the 17th century, with the intensification of the onslaught of the Khalkha Mongols, Han feudal lords and Kazakh khans, the ancestors of the Kalmyks migrated to the Russian state. In the Volga steppes Kalmyks (over 250 thousand people in 50 thousand wagons) appeared in 1632 under the leadership of the Khan of the Torgouts Ho-Urlyuk and occupied the left and right banks of the Volga River from Samara to the Caspian Sea and Kuban. In 1635, the example of Ho-Urlyuk was followed by the Hoshout tribes, led by Turu-Baykhu (Gushi-Khan), who did not want to obey Bator-khuntaiji, who in 1638 proclaimed himself the All-Oirat Khan. The history of the formation of the Republic of Kalmykia
4 slide
Description of the slide:
Since then, the modern self-name of the Kalmyks appeared - "halmg", literally "remnant", i.e. those who did not obey Bator-huntaiji. In the sparsely populated steppes of the lower Volga, along the Don and Manych, they formed the Kalmyk Khanate, the inner life of which was determined by the "Steppe Code" (Tsaardzhin bichik). Due to the oppression of the tsarist administration in 1771, the vast majority of the Kalmyks, led by Ubushi Khan, left for China, 2/3 of whom died during the transition. Only that part of the Kalmyks, 13,000 families, remained in the Kalmyk steppe, which did not have time to cross the Volga and was detained by the tsarist administration. The Kalmyk Khanate was abolished and the Kalmyk uluses were transferred to the control of the Astrakhan provincial authorities. In the 1780s-90s. Don Kalmyks were included in the Don Host Region with enrollment in the Cossack estate. In 1861, the Bolshederbetovsky ulus was transferred from Astrakhan to the Stavropol province. On March 25, 1917, the Kalmyk noyons and zaisangs convened a congress, which petitioned the Provisional Government of Russia for the creation of a Kalmyk Cossack army and the autonomy of the Kalmyk people. On July 1, 1917, by the decision of the Provisional Government, the Steppe Region of the Kalmyk people was formed, and in September 1917, a separate Kalmyk Cossack army was created. On November 4, 1920, by a joint decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Kalmyk Autonomous Region was created from parts of the territories of the Astrakhan, Tsaritsyn, Stavropol provinces, Don and Terek regions.
5 slide
Description of the slide:
In 1990, a declaration was adopted on sovereignty and the transformation of Kalmykia into a union republic (SSR). In 1993, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov was elected the first president of the Republic of Kalmykia. In 1994, the "Steppe Code (constitution) of the Republic of Kalmykia" was adopted, named in memory of the "constitution" of the Dzungar Khanate, which confirmed the status of the republic as a subject and an integral part of the Russian Federation, while declaring the continuity of the Dzungar Khanate - the Republic of Kalmykia.
6 slide
Description of the slide:
The national flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. "Ulan zalata halmg" - the local name of the republican flag of Kalmykia. The yellow (golden) background color of the flag symbolizes the sun and Buddhism as the main religion of the Kalmyks. The blue color represents the sky, and in the traditional heraldic interpretation it is a symbol of constancy and eternity. White color means peace, unity and openness. The lotus flower is an image of purity and spiritual rebirth. The lotus with nine petals symbolizes world peace: the five upper petals represent the continents, the four lower petals represent the cardinal points, symbolizing the desire of the peoples of the republic for friendship and cooperation with all the peoples of the world.
7 slide
Description of the slide:
The national flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is attached to a staff topped with a red tip in the shape of a "flame tongue". The official flag of Kalmykia was designed for the anniversary of the hundred-day rule of the President of the Republic, Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, and adopted on July 30, 1993.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
Coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia - "Sylde". In the center of the emblem there is an image of an element of the national headdress - "ulan zala" (red tassel) and "khadak" (white scarf) in a circle of golden yellow framed by the national ornament "zeg" on a blue background, at the base of which are the petals of a white flower lotus. The author of the coat of arms is the artist Bata Badmaevich Erdniev.
9 slide
Description of the slide:
In the upper part of the emblem there is an image of “dorvn toolg”, an ancient symbol of the union of four Oirat tribes: four circles fastened together. These are the origins of the Kalmyk people. The most ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all the peoples inhabiting the four cardinal points. The basis of the coat of arms is a white lotus - a symbol of spiritual purity, rebirth and prosperity. The coat of arms is blue, yellow and white. Blue color means eternity, freedom and constancy. This is the favorite color of the steppe nomads. Yellow is the color of the religion of the people, it is the color of the skin and, finally, it is the personification that Kalmykia should always be sunny. The uhlan of the hall is crowned with a white khadak. White color means our peaceful views, friendly relations with all peoples living both in Kalmykia and beyond.
Description of the slide:
Lancers of the hall contains a symbolic load. For Buddhists, during prayer and meditation, according to the teachings of the Buddha, a thousand-leaf white lotus opens on the back of the head. When they pray, they fold the palms of both hands and lift them over their heads. At this moment, according to Buddhist teaching, the door of consciousness opens. Then the worshipers touch the chin, mouth and chest with their hands, thereby opening the doors of speech and soul. This ritual carries the purification of the mind, consciousness, speech and soul, as well as the knowledge of the truth. This ritual also implied that the consciousness of man was always open. Therefore, the wearing of a lancer hall (on the highest place - the head), symbolizing the sacred white lotus, was introduced.
12 slide
Description of the slide:
In my Republic, from generation to generation, people pass on the desire to live in peace and harmony, to respect the traditions and customs of all peoples. We children are the future of our country. And without the past, there is no future. Therefore, we try to study the history of our people, to know the symbols of Kalmykia and Russia. On a yellow cloth, against the background of a blue sky, a lotus with nine petals opened. The bright sun, blue sky are symbols of constancy and eternity. Lotus petals united into one whole Like the continents of the globe. May the peoples of all continents live in peace and harmony. Let there be no wars on earth and grief. Let the children laugh and the sun shine brightly. Let the birds sing and people from all over the planet be friends.
On the instructions of President K. Ilyumzhinov, in April 1993, the development of a new flag began. For the 100th anniversary of his reign, the flag was designed and adopted.
The new flag of the republic was approved by Parliament Resolution No. 65-IX of July 30, 1993. The flag "Ulan zalata halmg" consists of a golden-yellow cloth, in the center of which is a blue circle with a white lotus flower, consisting of 9 petals. The length of the flag is twice its width, the ratio of the radius of the circle to the width of the flag is 2:7. The author of the flag (and coat of arms) B. B. Erdniev.
The golden color symbolizes Buddhism, the sun; blue is the color of the sky, eternity and constancy, the lotus is a traditional symbol of purity, happiness, spiritual rebirth.
Five lotus petals pointing up symbolize the five continents, 4 directed down - the four cardinal points. That is, in this case, the lotus can be interpreted as a symbol of friendship of people around the world.
The flag received the name "Ulan zalata halmg", and the coat of arms - the name "schulde". Unfortunately, I am not a specialist in the Kalmyk language. But nevertheless, I will express one hypothesis. It is quite possible that the Kalmyk names of the flag and coat of arms are mixed up in the Russian translation. Judge for yourself: "ulan zala" is the name of a red tassel on a headdress, which in the 15th century all Oirats (Kalmyks) were required to wear. And it is this tassel that is the main element of the coat of arms. On the flag, a lotus is depicted, which is in no way connected with the tassel of the headdress. Agree, the term "lancer zala" has much more in common with the term "lancer zalata halmg" than with "schulde". Again, this is just my hypothesis. Only experts in the Kalmyk language can confirm or refute it.
The flag of Kalmykia is included in the State Heraldic Register of the Russian Federation under No. 151.
In 1994, a new Constitution was approved - the Steppe Code. In accordance with it, on June 11, 1996, Law No. 44-I-3 “On State Symbols of the Republic of Kalmykia” was adopted (laws of January 3, 1999 No. 7-II-3 and March 12, 1999 No. 14-II-3 in it amendments have been made that do not affect the substance of the issue).
The coat of arms and the flag are confirmed by this law. The official description of the flag is:
Article 2
The national flag of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangchin tug is a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. The upper five petals of the lotus personify the five continents of the globe, the four lower petals - the four cardinal points, symbolizing the desire of the peoples of the republic for friendship, cooperation with all the peoples of the world.
The national flag of the Republic of Kalmykia - Khalmg Tangchin tug - is attached to a staff topped with a red tip in the shape of a "tongue of flame" with contour outlines on it of the ancient symbol of the Derben Oirats - four circles fastened together, at the base of which is the "lancer of the hall".
The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 1:2. The ratio of the circle's radius to the flag's width is 1:3.5. The ratio of the length of the tip to the width of the flag - 1: 4.5
Municipal organization of Kalmykia:
- municipal districts:
Gorodovikovsky (Gorodovikovsk), Iki-Burulsky (Iki-Burul village), Lagansky (Lagan city), Maloderbetovsky (Malye Derbety village), Oktyabrsky municipal district, Ketchenerovsky (Ketchenery village), Priyutnensky (Priyutnoye village) , Sarpinsky (Sadovoye village), Tselinny (Troitskoye village), Chernozemelsky (Komsomolsky village), Yustinsky (Tsagan-Aman village), Yashaltinsky (Yashalta village), Yashkulsky (Yashkul village);
- urban district "city of Elista" (until 2006 - Elista municipality).
The composition of the municipal districts includes rural settlements and urban settlements "the city of Lagan", "the city of Gorodovikovsk".
Kalmykia is a republic in the southeast of the Russian Federation. The flag and coat of arms of Kalmykia are official. What is depicted there? What is the value in them?
Flag of the Republic of Kalmykia
The official symbol of the republic was approved in 1993. Its author is B. Erdniev. The flag of Kalmykia is a panel in the proportion of one to two. This is a golden rectangle. In the middle is a circle painted blue. Inside it is white which consists of nine petals.
Yellow or in which the flag of Kalmykia is painted is a symbol of the religion of the people of the republic - Buddhism. In heraldry, this color is given other definitions. Usually it means greatness and strength, personifying the sun. Blue color speaks of constancy, purity and immutability, symbolizing the sky.
In the center of the composition is a lotus. This is one of He reports the purity of thoughts, the desire for well-being, happiness and prosperity of the republic. Not only the flag of Kalmykia depicts is one of the most ancient symbols of various Asian and North African peoples. It is present, for example, in the emblems of Bangladesh, the province of Bengal, where it is sacred.
Flag history
The modern flag of Kalmykia is very different from the previous ones. In 1935, the autonomous region of Kalmykia was transformed into an autonomous SSR. Two years later, the official flag was adopted. The cloth was completely painted red, and in the upper corner, closer to the shaft, there was an inscription in gold: "R.S.F.S.R., Kalmyk A.S.S.R." in Russian and Kalmyk languages.
In 1978, a blue vertical stripe appeared on the flag from the side of the staff. Near it, on a red background, was an image of a sickle and a hammer. Above the sickle, a star was depicted in outline. Below was the inscription: "Kalmyk ASSR", again in two languages.
The third version of the flag, the immediate predecessor of the modern one, was created in 1992. Two years before that, the sovereignty of the republic was proclaimed. The rectangular panel was divided into three horizontal stripes of blue, yellow and red. The top and bottom were half as thin as the middle band.
In the center of the composition was a red contour circle. Inside it was an image of a spiral sign, resembling a flame of fire. In the old Kalmyk writing, it denotes the concepts of "man" and "beginning".
Coat of arms of Kalmykia
Was approved in 1993. The composition contains the image of folk symbols of Kalmykia. The coat of arms has a rounded shape. In its center, on a yellow background, is depicted a "lancer of the hall", which in reality is a red silk tassel, part of the men's national costume.
Under the "ulan hall" is "hadak" - a long blue and white scarf, which is one of the ritual symbols of Buddhists. "Hadaq" means hospitality, selflessness and purity of thoughts. It is given as a gift. Presented on a holiday, it means a friendly attitude and good wishes, presented in grief - it symbolizes compassion and understanding.
The yellow circle frames the blue-and-white folk ornament "zeg". At the top is an image of four circles fastened together. This is an ancient symbol of the Derben Oirats, or the Kalmyk people. At the base of the coat of arms lie the petals of a white lotus.
Coat of arms of the Republic of Kalmykia - "Sylde". In the center of the emblem there is an image of an element of the national headdress - "ulan zala" (red tassel) and "khadak" (white scarf) in a circle of golden yellow framed by the national ornament "zeg" on a blue background, at the base of which are the petals of a white flower lotus. In the upper part of the emblem there is an image of “dorvn toolg”, an ancient symbol of the union of four Oirat tribes: four circles fastened together. These are the origins of the Kalmyk people. The most ancient sign also means life in peace and harmony with all the peoples inhabiting the four cardinal points.
The basis of the coat of arms is a white lotus - a symbol of spiritual purity, rebirth and prosperity. The coat of arms is blue, yellow and white. Blue color means eternity, freedom and constancy. This is the favorite color of the steppe nomads. Yellow is the color of the religion of the people, it is the color of the skin and, finally, it is the personification that Kalmykia should always be sunny.
The uhlan of the hall is crowned with a white khadak. White color means our peaceful views, friendly relations with all peoples living both in Kalmykia and beyond.
The history of the origin of uhlan hall
In 1437, the Oirat leader Gogon-taisha signed a special decree on the obligatory wearing by the Oirats of the ulan hall on their headdresses, as a distinctive sign from other peoples of the East.
In 1750, Dondok Daishi issued a law confirming the above decree.
And, finally, in 1822, at the Zenzelinsky meeting of the Kalmyk noyons, zaisangs, lamas and gelungs, a decision was made: “Everyone should have a lancer on a hat and every man should wear a braid” ...
Lancers of the hall contains a symbolic load. For Buddhists, during prayer and meditation, according to the teachings of the Buddha, a thousand-leaf white lotus opens on the back of the head. When they pray, they fold the palms of both hands and lift them over their heads. At this moment, according to Buddhist teaching, the door of consciousness opens. Then the worshipers touch the chin, mouth and chest with their hands, thereby opening the doors of speech and soul. This ritual carries the purification of the mind, consciousness, speech and soul, as well as the knowledge of the truth. This ritual also implied that the consciousness of man was always open. Therefore, the wearing of a lancer hall (on the highest place - the head), symbolizing the sacred white lotus, was introduced.
In the circle framing the ulan zala and dorn toolg, the “zeg” ornament is depicted, testifying to the nomadic way of life in the past and the bright path of prosperity.
The national flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is a rectangular panel of golden yellow color, in the middle of which there is a blue circle with a white lotus flower consisting of nine petals. The upper five petals of the lotus personify the five continents of the globe, the four lower petals - the four cardinal points, symbolizing the desire of the peoples of the republic for friendship, cooperation with all the peoples of the world.
The national flag of the Republic of Kalmykia is attached to a staff topped with a red tip in the shape of a "flame tongue".
