Pyotr Andreevich Grinev (Petrusha) is the main character of the story. On his behalf, a narration is being conducted (in the form of "notes for the memory of posterity") about the events during the peasant revolt led by Pugachev.
By the will of fate, G. found himself between two warring camps: government troops and the insurgent Cossacks. In critical conditions, he managed to remain faithful to the officer's oath and remain an honest, worthy, noble person, independently managing his own destiny.
G. is the son of a retired military man, a simple but honest man who puts honor above all else. The serf Savelich brings up the hero.
At the age of 16, G. goes to serve. He, at the request of his father, who wants his son to "sniff the gunpowder", ends up in the remote Belogorsk fortress. On the way there, G. and Savelich fall into a snowstorm, from which some peasant takes them out. In gratitude, G. gives him his hare sheepskin coat and half a ruble for vodka.
In the fortress, G. falls in love with the daughter of the commandant Masha Mironova and fights because of her in a duel with lieutenant Shvabrin. He wounds G. After the duel, the hero asks his parents for blessings for marriage with the dowry Masha, but is refused.
At this time, the fortress captures Pugachev. He accidentally recognizes Savelich and releases G. from the besieged fortress. Already in Orenburg, G. learns that Masha is in the hands of Shvabrin. He goes to Pugachev's lair to help her. The impostor is touched by the story of the helpless girl and lets her go with G., blessing the young. On the way, the heroes are ambushed by government troops. G. sends Masha to his father's estate. He himself remains in the detachment, where he is arrested on the denunciation of Shvabrin, who accuses G. of treason. But loving Masha saves the hero. He is present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognizes him in the crowd and at the last moment nods to him. Worthy of going through all the trials of life, at the end of his life G. is biographical notes for youth, which fall into the hands of the publisher and printed.
Masha Mironova is a young girl, the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. That is what the author had in mind when giving the title of his story.
This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. Such a detail is interesting: there are very few conversations in the story, in general, Masha's words. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and actions are always infallible. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines simplicity with a high moral sense. She immediately correctly assessed the human qualities of Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, which fell to her lot (the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha maintains unshakable stamina and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, at the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal with an equal, talks with an unrecognized empress and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, rescuing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best features of the Russian national character.
Pugachev Emelyan - the leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself the "great sovereign" Peter III.
This image in the story is multifaceted: P. is both evil, and generous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of the environment.
The image of P. is given in the story through the eyes of Grinev - a disinterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the presentation of the hero.
At the first meeting of Grinev with P., the appearance of the rebel is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of medium height, thin, broad-shouldered, with gray hair in a black beard, with shifty eyes, a pleasant but roguish expression.
The second meeting with P., in the besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in armchairs, then prancing on horseback surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly cracks down on the defenders of the fortress who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that P. is playing, portraying a "real sovereign." He, from the royal hand, "executes so he executes, he has mercy so he has mercy."
And only during the third meeting with Grinev P. is fully revealed. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. P. sings his favorite song (“Don't make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a fairy tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. P. understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what is the price in case of loss. He does not trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But still he hopes for the best: “Isn’t there luck for the daring one?” But P.'s hopes are not justified. He is arrested and executed: “and nodded his head to him, which a minute later, dead and bloodied, was shown to the people.”
P. is inseparable from the element of the people, he leads her after him, but at the same time depends on her. It is no coincidence that for the first time in the story he appears during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn off this path. The pacification of the rebellion is tantamount to the death of P., which happens at the end of the story.
Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - a nobleman, the opposite of Grinev in the story.
Sh. is swarthy, not good-looking, lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for the fifth year. He was transferred here for "murder" (he stabbed a lieutenant in a duel). He is distinguished by mockery and even contempt (during the first meeting with Grinev, he very mockingly describes all the inhabitants of the fortress).
Sh. is very smart. Undoubtedly, he was more educated than Grinev, he was even associated with V.K. Trediakovsky.
Sh. courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Without forgiving her this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (recommends Grinev to give her not a poem, but earrings: “I know from experience her temper and custom”, speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) All this speaks of the spiritual dishonor of the hero. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Sh. stabs him in the back (when the enemy looks back at the call of the servant). Then the reader suspects Sh. of a secret denunciation to Grinev's parents about the duel. Because of this, the father forbids Grinev to marry Masha. The complete loss of notions of honor leads Sh. to treason. He goes over to Pugachev's side and becomes one of the commanders there. Using his power, Sh. tries to persuade Masha to an alliance, holding her captive. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Sh., he rolls at his feet. The meanness of the hero turns into his shame. At the end of the story, having been captured by government troops, Sh. informs on Grinev. He claims that he also went over to the side of Pugachev. Thus, in his meanness, this hero reaches the end.
It tells about the events of the second half of the 18th century. The plot is based on a peasant uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev. This historical event is called one of the largest and bloodiest people's wars. In The Captain's Daughter, Pushkin clearly demonstrates to the reader how much suffering the "senseless and merciless Russian rebellion" brings not only to the "enemies of the people" - the nobles, but also to the rebels themselves. The work reveals the stories of the characters in such a way that we can empathize with them, studying new sides of this conflict. We offer you a list of the main characters of The Captain's Daughter with characteristics.
Petr Grinev- the main character on whose behalf the story is being told. The son of a wealthy landowner. From birth, he was preparing for military service in St. Petersburg, but, to his disappointment, at the age of 16 he was sent by his father to Orenburg, to the Belgorod fortress. Here begins his new life, filled with significant meetings, frightening events and losses.
A kind and helpful person. This character trait is revealed in the episode with the hare coat that he gives. Grinev is doing his military duty well (commanders praise him for his merits), is fond of poetry, and easily converges with people.
Masha Mironova- main character. This is the same captain's daughter, 18 years old. Grinev falls in love with her upon arrival at the fortress, and she reciprocates his feelings. , unlike Peter, an insolvent noblewoman, "a girl without a dowry." He dresses "simple and cute". Grinev notes that she has an angelic voice. She is smart, kind and has enviable courage (an episode with a petition from Catherine). A peasant revolt takes away her parents - Pugachev kills them during the capture of the fortress.
Emelyan Pugachev- a real historical figure, a Don Cossack, the main instigator of the rebellion. In the novel, he is presented both as a bloody robber, a merciless villain and a swindler, and as a savvy, intelligent, freedom-loving person. His attitude to life is presented in an episode with an eagle and a raven: "rather than eating carrion for 300 years, it is better to drink living blood once." At the end of the novel, he is executed.
Alexey Shvabrin- minor character. A young man from a wealthy family. At the beginning of the novel, he converges with Grinev, the latter considers him his friend. A demoted guardsman was transferred to the Belgorod fortress for the murder of a colleague. During the course of the novel, he meets with Pugachev, thereby betraying the Russian army, and at the end becomes a prisoner. attracts Grinev with his mind, but repels him with a craving for slander and malicious ridicule.
Shvabrin is a more negative character than a positive one. There is more evil in his character: he is endowed with shamelessness and cruelty. He is angry, narcissistic and vile: “... Alexei Ivanovich is forcing me to marry him<…>He treats me very cruelly ... ”(Masha’s words).
Arkhip Savelyev (Savelyich)- servant of Peter Grinev, sent along with his master to the Belgorod fortress. This old man has faithfully served Grinev for many years. He is a typical serf, kind, used to obeying orders and obeying his masters. tries to teach Peter about life, sometimes argues with him, but always forgives.
Based on the characteristics of the main characters of the novel, one can get a more or less complete picture of the Peasant War. Of course, all this is the author's interpretation, and not a documentary chronicle, so you cannot blindly believe in the veracity. But the atmosphere created by Pushkin, the mood of the era conveyed and human feelings are fair and true. Perhaps, after reading The Captain's Daughter, it will be easier for readers to understand the motives for the actions of the peasants who organized such a merciless war.
« Captain's daughter"- one of the first and most famous works of Russian historical prose, a novel by A. S. Pushkin, dedicated to the events of the Peasant War of 1773-1775 led by Emelyan Pugachev. The main characters of the work "The Captain's Daughter" live in the imagination of each reader an unusual life.
The main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"
The protagonist of The Captain's Daughter - Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. An honest, decent, to the end faithful to his duty young man. He is 17 years old, he is a Russian nobleman who has just entered the military service. One of the main qualities of Grinev is sincerity. He is sincere with the characters of the novel and with the readers. Telling his own life, he did not seek to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he is excited and does not hide it: “I confess that I did not have that composure, which almost always boast of those who were in my position.” He also directly and simply speaks of his condition before the conversation with Pugachev on the day he captured the Belogorsk fortress: “The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded.” Grinev does not hide his negative actions either (an incident in a tavern, during a snowstorm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his remorse (the case of Savelich).
Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few defending the Belogorsk fortress, when, despite the command of the commandant, "the timid garrison does not move." He returns for the straggler Savelich.
These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely puts up with Shvabrin. He does not tend to be malicious. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to "triumph over the humiliated enemy."
A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha.
Pugachev Emelyan Ivanovich - the leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself the "great sovereign" Peter III. Pugachev is one of the main characters of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", the invader of the fortress in which the main characters of the story are located. This image in the novel is multifaceted: Pugachev is both evil, and generous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of his environment.
The image of Pugachev is given in the novel through the eyes of Grinev, a disinterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the presentation of the hero. At the first meeting of Grinev with Pugachev, the appearance of the rebel is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of average height, thin, broad-shouldered, with gray hair in a black beard, with shifty eyes, a pleasant but roguish expression.
The second meeting with Pugachev, in the besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in armchairs, then prancing on horseback surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly cracks down on the defenders of the fortress who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that Pugachev is playing, portraying a “real sovereign”. He, from the royal hand, "executes so he executes, he has mercy so he has mercy."
And only during the third meeting with Grinev Pugacheva is fully revealed. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. Pugachev sings his favorite song (“Don't make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a fairy tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. Pugachev understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what is the price in case of loss. He does not trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But still he hopes for the best: “Isn’t there luck for the daring one?” But Pugachev's hopes are not justified. He is arrested and executed: "and nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people."
Pugachev is inseparable from the element of the people, he leads it after him, but at the same time he depends on it. It is no coincidence that for the first time in the story he appears during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn off this path. The pacification of the rebellion is tantamount to the death of Pugachev, which happens at the end of the novel.
Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - a nobleman, the antipode of Grinev in the novel. Shvabrin is swarthy, not good-looking, lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for the fifth year. He was transferred here for “murder” (he stabbed a lieutenant in a duel). He is distinguished by mockery and even contempt (during the first meeting with Grinev, he very mockingly describes all the inhabitants of the fortress). Shvabrin is very smart. Undoubtedly, he was more educated than Grinev, he was even associated with V.K. Trediakovsky.
Shvabrin courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Without forgiving her this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (recommends Grinev to give her not a poem, but earrings: “I know from experience her temper and custom”, speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) . All this speaks of the spiritual dishonor of the hero. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Shvabrin stabs him in the back (when the enemy looks back at the call of the servant). Then the reader suspects Shvabrin of a secret denunciation to Grinev's parents about the duel. Because of this, the father forbids Grinev to marry Masha. The complete loss of notions of honor leads Shvabrin to treason. He goes over to Pugachev's side and becomes one of the commanders there. Using his power, Shvabrin is trying to persuade Masha to an alliance, holding her captive. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Shvabrin, he rolls at his feet. The meanness of the hero turns into his shame. At the end of the novel, having been captured by government troops, Shvabrin informs on Grinev. He claims that he also went over to the side of Pugachev. Thus, in his meanness, this hero comes to the end.
Maria Ivanovna Mironova - the main female character of the story, the same captain's daughter, because of which the story has such a name. Masha is a girl of about eighteen, pretty, modest, capable of loving passionately and devotedly.
This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. Such a detail is interesting: there are very few conversations in the novel, in general, Masha's words. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and actions are always infallible. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines simplicity with a high moral sense. She immediately correctly assessed the human qualities of Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, which fell to her lot (the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha maintains unshakable stamina and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, at the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal with an equal, talks with an unrecognized empress and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, rescuing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best features of the Russian national character.
Ivan Kuzmich Mironov- the captain of the fortress, in which the events of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" unfold. This is a minor character, the father of the main character. In the story, his fortress is captured by rebels led by Pugachev. Captain Mironov is the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, a kind, honest, deeply decent person, a faithful servant who did not violate his oath even in the face of death.
Vasilisa Egorovna- the wife of Captain Mironov, kind, economic, passionately loving her husband and daughter. A woman who is aware of all the events in the fortress.
Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Petrusha's father, in his youth he served under Count Minich and retired as prime minister. For his only son, he does not look for easy ways, therefore he sends him to serve not in St. Petersburg, where the regiment to which Petrusha was assigned is stationed, but in the outback, in the army, in the Belogorsk fortress.
Avdotya Vasilievna Grineva- Petrusha's mother, a wife who gave birth to 9 children, 8 of whom died in infancy, so Petrusha turned out to be the only son of the Grinevs.
Beaupre- Petrusha's tutor, who was a hairdresser in France.
Savelich- Uncle Petrusha, that is, the serf Grinevs, who raised Petrusha, watched the child while he was growing up. sent with Peter to the fortress. Thanks to Savelich, Pyotr Grinev was not executed by Pugachev.
Ivan Ivanovich Zurin- the captain who beat Petrusha in Simbirsk. At the end of the story, it will contribute to the capture of the fugitive Shvabrin.
The main characters of the novel "The Captain's Daughter"— Petr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin immediately attract the attention of the reader. From the very beginning of acquaintance with them, it turns out that these people have very, very little in common. However, they are both young, daring, hot, smart and, in addition to everything, are of noble origin. Fate decreed that both of them ended up in a distant fortress and both fell in love with the captain's daughter Masha Mironova. And it is in the feeling for Masha that the difference between the characters begins to appear.
Even before Pyotr Grinev met Masha, Shvabrin had already taken care to present her to a potential rival as a “perfect fool”. Shvabrin is caustic and mocking, he tries to ridicule everything and everyone around him. That is why it becomes more and more difficult for Grinev to communicate with him. “Of course, I saw AI Shvabrin every day; but hour by hour his conversation became less agreeable to me. I didn't like his constant jokes about the commandant's family, especially his caustic remarks about Marya Ivanovna. There was no other society in the fortress, but I didn’t want another.”
The first major quarrel that led to the duel broke out between Shvabrin and Grinev precisely because of Masha. Shvabrin set out to discredit the honest name of the girl, tried to show her in the most unfavorable light. The quarrel showed Grinev the true face of his opponent. And he has a completely different assessment of his recent interlocutor, with whom he had previously been on the most friendly terms.
Only later did Pyotr Grinev find out that, it turns out, Shvabrin has tender feelings for Masha. He even wooed the captain's daughter, however, was refused. Only then Pyotr Grinev guessed that in fact Shvabrin specifically wanted to discredit the poor girl in his eyes. Shvabrin was afraid of rivalry and did everything possible to remove the obstacle in the person of Grinev.
It seems surprising to the reader that such a simple girl as Masha Mironova could arouse Shvabrin's interest. Obviously, Masha's modest grace, sensitivity and tenderness seemed to Shvabrin quite worthy of attention. Masha's refusal hurts Shvabrin's pride and makes it impossible to continue any relationship with her. Needless to say, the happy lover Pyotr Grinev quickly becomes Shvabrin's enemy.
Shvabrin is not distinguished by nobility. That is why he easily commits betrayal and goes over to the side of Pugachev. How amazed Pyotr Grinev was when he saw Shvabrin among Pugachev's close associates.
What can the betrayal of a nobleman testify to? First of all, this means that the word "honor" is an empty phrase for him. Shvabrin is afraid to lose his life, and he is ready to do anything for the sake of his salvation, which is why he takes the side of the rebels. And now the oath given to the empress is forgotten, all the ideals and traditions of the nobility are forgotten.
Grinev was brought up in the family of a retired military man and became an officer himself. Officer honor is above all for him. Therefore, despite the mortal danger, Grinev does not change the military oath and dares to stand up for the orphaned Masha Mironova. Thus, rivals in love find themselves on opposite sides of the barricade.
Two officers - Petr Grinev and Aleksey Shvabrin - behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are carriers of two fundamentally different worldviews. These are the main characters of the story "The Captain's Daughter" in the image of the author.
« will help to understand their inner world and the reasons for their actions.
Now you know who the main characters of the story "The Captain's Daughter" are, whom you should remember perfectly well if you read the work in full.
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Introduction When we read the title of A. S. Pushkin's novel, "The Captain's Daughter", we thought that the novel describes the life of a girl whose father is a captain. After reading the novel, we wondered why it was named that way. We think that Pushkin originally wanted to write a novel dedicated only to the Pugachev movement, but the censors would hardly have let him through. Therefore, the main plot of the story is the service of the young nobleman Pyotr Grinev, thanks to his love for the daughter of the captain of the Belogorsk fortress Mironov. The author pays much attention to the reader on Pugachev, then the question is asked: why does Pushkin make the main characters of the novel not Pugachev, but Grinev and call him the captain's daughter? Maybe Pushkin called his novel "The Captain's Daughter" because it was the captain's daughter, Masha Mironova, that the protagonist's beloved met the Empress. This is how she reveals her character as the captain's daughter - a simple Russian girl, unsure of herself, uneducated, but who at the necessary moment found strength, fortitude and determination in herself in order to achieve the justification of her fiancé. We have designated
Object of study- "The Captain's Daughter" Research Base- the characters of the story "The Captain's Daughter". The relevance of research is that the story reveals the problems of duty, honor and love. Purpose of the study study additional literature and find out what were the prototypes of the heroes and their morality. We hypothesized that that the more we know about the problems of love, the more we never cease to be surprised at the problems of morality and honor.
We have set ourselves the task
Study additional material;
Reveal the characteristics of the characters;
Reveal the prototypes of these heroes;
Find out how prototypes affect the inner world of the characters.
Our research work has gone through the following stages
The Captain's Daughter attracts the attention of researchers not only as one of the highest achievements of Pushkin's prose. This novel is an extremely important source for determining Pushkin's socio-political position in the last years of his life. After all, it speaks of a peasant "revolt" and its leader; about a nobleman involved in the anti-feudal struggle of the peasants, that is, about those problems that worried Pushkin throughout almost his entire conscious life.
Heroes of the story
Pyotr Andreevich GrinevMaria Ivanovna MironovaEmelyan Pugachev Shvabrin Savelyich Arkhip SavelyevCaptain Mironov Ivan Kuzmich Captain Vasilisa Yegorovna Ivan Ignatich Zurin Ivan Ivanovich Bopre Empress Catherine II the GreatGeneral Andrey Karlovich Andrey Petrovich Grinev Peter Grinev's mother
Characteristics of the main characters
For our research work, we have chosen three main characters. These are two heroes opposed to each other - Shvabrin and Grinev and their "common" love Masha Mironova.
Characteristics of Peter Grinev Petr Andreevich Grinev is a person who strives for self-improvement. He was not given a systematic education, but he received a moral education. His mother loved him, but spoiled him in moderation, entrusting the upbringing to his father. Andrei Grinev wanted to teach his son discipline and sent him to serve in the Belogorsk fortress. Savelich, a servant, was kind and devoted, helping in a difficult situation. Then Peter Grinev will become the same. Peter, breaking free, will lose at cards, will be rude to the servant, but he is conscientious, so he will ask for forgiveness and will never drink and play again. Pyotr Andreevich knew how to make friends, love, serve, keep his word, help people. He lived a decent life and can be an example. Grinev followed his father's precept all his life: take care of honor from a young age. It is no coincidence that this proverb is used as an epigraph, and then it sounds from the lips of the protagonist's father.
Characteristics of Alexei Shvabrin Shvabrin is given as a direct contrast to Grinev. He is more educated, maybe even smarter than Grinev. But there is no kindness, no nobility, no sense of honor and duty in him. His transition to the service of Pugachev was caused not by high ideological motives, but by low selfish interests. The attitude of the author of the "notes" and the writer towards him is quite clear, and in the reader he evokes a feeling of contempt and indignation. In the composition of the novel, Shvabrin plays an important role as a hero of love and social life; without him, the storyline of Grinev and Masha would be difficult to build.
Characteristics of Masha Mironova Masha Mironova is a young girl, the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. That is what the author had in mind when giving the title of his story. This is an ordinary Russian girl, "chubby, ruddy, with light blond hair." By nature, she was cowardly: she was afraid even of a rifle shot. Masha lived rather closed, lonely; there were no suitors in their village. This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. Such a detail is interesting: there are very few conversations in the story, in general, Masha's words. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and actions are always infallible. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines simplicity with a high moral sense. She immediately correctly assessed the human qualities of Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, which fell to her lot (the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha maintains unshakable stamina and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, at the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal with an equal, talks with an unrecognized empress and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, rescuing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best features of the Russian national character.
What are prototypes? Studying additional literature, we learned that prototypes are usually called those real people from whom the writer went to create an artistic image.
We cannot fully trace the path of the artist to create a work of art. Before us as the subject of analysis is the work of art itself. We can and should know the reality that the artist depicted as a whole, but we should not try to break it down into separate moments, which seem to be geometrically exactly repeated in a work of art.
Prototypes of Grinev and Shvabrin
It was argued, for example, that the prototype of Grinev and Shvabrin is the same person - Shvanvich. Meanwhile, Grinev is not at all like Shvabrin. According to the original plan, the hero of the novel was to be a nobleman who voluntarily went over to the side of Pugachev. Its prototype was Lieutenant of the 2nd Grenadier Regiment Mikhail Shvanovich (in the plans of the novel Shvanvich), who "preferred a heinous life to an honest death." His name was mentioned in the document "On the death penalty for the traitor, rebel and impostor Pugachev and his accomplices." Later, Pushkin chose the fate of another real participant in the Pugachev events - Basharin. Basharin was taken prisoner by Pugachev, escaped from captivity and entered the service of one of the suppressors of the uprising, General Mikhelson. The name of the protagonist changed several times, until Pushkin settled on the surname Grinev. In the government report on the liquidation of the Pugachev uprising and the punishment of Pugachev and his accomplices dated January 10, 1775, Grinev's name was listed among those who were initially suspected of "communicating with villains", but "as a result of the investigation turned out to be innocent" and were released from arrest. As a result, instead of one hero-nobleman in the novel, there were two: Grinev was opposed by a nobleman-traitor, the “vile villain” Shvabrin, which could facilitate the passage of the novel through censorship barriers Prototype of Masha Mironova
A lot has been said about the prototype of Masha Mironova from The Captain's Daughter. The Russian Archive even claimed that its prototype was a young Georgian (P. A. Klopitonov), who ended up in the garden of Tsarskoye Selo and talked about statues with the empress; it was also claimed that this same Georgian was nicknamed "the captain's daughter." But it turned out that A. S. Pushkin wrote the image of Masha Mironova from the noble daughter Marya Vasilievna Borisova, whom he met and talked at the Christmas ball of 1829 in the city of Staritsa, Tver province. Pushkin was a connoisseur of women's souls and, apparently, a simple, naive and unremarkable girl nevertheless impressed him with her honesty, openness, pride and firmness of character. The poet endowed the captain's daughter Masha Mironova with all these qualities.
Conclusion
The results of the study of literary sources, analysis and systematization of materials showed that the hypothesis put forward by us turned out to be correct. Russian writers have always addressed the issue of honor and morality in their works. It seems to us that this problem was and is one of the central ones in Russian literature. Honor occupies the first place among moral symbols. One can go through many troubles and hardships, but, probably, not a single people on earth will reconcile themselves to the decay of morality. The loss of honor is the fall of moral principles, which is always followed by punishment. The concept of honor is brought up in a person from childhood. So, on the example of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" one can clearly see how this happens in life and what results it leads to. This work taught us that it is necessary in life to seek one's truth, one's life path, to remain true to one's views and principles, to be a steadfast and courageous person to the end. But everyone knows it's hard. How difficult it was for Grinev, Masha Mironova, her father, Captain Mironov, that is, for all those people for whom honor is above all. And we can say with confidence that the epigraph to the story "Take care of honor from a young age" will be a guiding star for us and my peers.
Bibliography
Belousov A. F. School folklore. - M, 1998.
"The Captain's Daughter"., A.S. Pushkin., 1836.
Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. - M., 1984.
Suslova A.V., Superanskaya A.V. Modern Russian surnames. - M., 1984.
Shansky N.M. Words born in October. - M., 1980.
Internet resources
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://biblioman.org/compositions
An analysis of Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" helps to better understand and understand the famous historical novel by Alexander Pushkin. It tells about the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev. The novel was first published in 1836, it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.
The plot of the novel
To make a detailed analysis of The Captain's Daughter, you need to know the plot of this work well. The work is written in the form of memoirs of the elderly landowner Pyotr Grinev about the turbulent events of his youth.
He tells how at the age of 16 his father sent him to serve in the army.
On the way to the place of service, he accidentally meets Emelyan Pugachev, who was then a fugitive Cossack, who was only thinking about a large-scale uprising. They meet during a snowstorm, Pugachev agrees to accompany Grinev together with his elderly servant to the inn so as not to die in the elements. In gratitude, Grinev gives him his sheepskin coat.
For service, the protagonist resides in the Belogorsk fortress. Almost immediately, he falls in love with the commandant's daughter Masha Mironova. His colleague Shvabrin is also not indifferent to the girl and challenges Peter to a duel. During the fight, he gets injured. His father finds out about the incident and refuses to bless this marriage.
Pugachev rebellion
The rebels also come to the Belogorsk fortress. Masha's parents are killed. Shvabrin demonstrates his essence by swearing allegiance to Pugachev, but Grinev refuses to do so. Pyotr is saved from execution by Savelyich, who reminds Pugachev that this is the same young man who once gave him a hare coat.
But Grinev still refuses to fight on the side of the rebels, he is released to the besieged Orenburg. Peter begins to fight against Pugachev. One day he receives a letter from Masha, who, due to illness, was unable to leave the Belogorsk fortress. She writes that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him.
Grinev rushes about, choosing between feeling and duty. As a result, he arbitrarily leaves the unit, arrives in Belogorye and, with the help of Pugachev, saves Masha. Soon, on Shvabrin's denunciation, he was arrested by government troops. Grinev is awaiting sentencing in prison.
Masha is trying to do everything to prevent the death penalty of her lover. She goes to Tsarskoye Selo for an appointment with Empress Catherine II. She accidentally meets the empress on a walk. Alone and without retinue. She honestly tells the circumstances of the case, thinking that in front of her is one of the maids of honor of the Empress.
Catherine II is impressed by this story. She releases Grinev, he returns to his parents, soon plays a wedding with Masha. This is the summary of Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter.
History of creation
This novel is a living response of Russian literature to the historical novels of Walter Scott, which were extremely popular in Russia at that time. It is worth noting that Pushkin planned to write a historical novel back in the 1820s. This is how "Arap of Peter the Great" appeared.
The first classic Russian historical novel is Yuri Miloslavsky by Mikhail Zagoskin. Literary critics note the influence of Zagoskin on Pushkin. For example, the meeting with the counselor repeats one of the scenes of Yuri Miloslavsky.
The history of the creation of the "Captain's Daughter" is interesting. The idea of the novel came to Pushkin when he was working on the chronicle "History of the Pugachev rebellion". For the sake of documentary information, he specially traveled to the Southern Urals, met with eyewitnesses of those terrible years.
Initially, Pushkin intended to make the real officer Mikhail Shvanvich, who went over to Pugachev's side, the main character of the novel. But apparently, the plot about a nobleman who is served as a robber was realized by him in "Dubrovsky". Therefore, this time Pushkin decided to turn to the memoir form, and to make the main character an honest officer who remained faithful to the oath, despite the temptation to go over to the side of the rebels in order to save his life.
Analyzing the history of the creation of The Captain's Daughter, many note that the scene of Masha's meeting with the Empress in Tsarskoe Selo, most likely, Pushkin came up with a historical anecdote about the mercy of the German King Joseph II to the daughter of a low-ranking officer. The domestic image of Catherine herself, obviously, was inspired by Utkin's engraving.
Novel or short story?
An important question that all researchers of Pushkin's work ask is how to determine the genre of this work. "The Captain's Daughter" - a novel or a story? There is still no consensus on this issue.
Those who claim that this is a story insist that the work itself is very small in volume. This is an important formal sign that indicates belonging to the story. In addition, the events described cover a small time period, which, as a rule, is not typical for a novel. Supporters of this hypothesis also point to the mediocrity of the personality of Pyotr Grinev, as well as his entourage, arguing that such heroes cannot be characters in a real novel.
In the dispute, what is "The Captain's Daughter" - a novel or a story, there is a second point of view. Despite not paying attention to its small volume, the researchers still note that the text raises a large number of serious questions and problems, covers important, eternal topics. Therefore, according to the semantic content, it is quite possible to classify it as a novel, they believe.
There is still no unequivocal answer to the question about the genre of this work.
Petr Grinev
One of the main characters in The Captain's Daughter is Grinev. At the time of the events described, he was only 17 years old. He is an undergrowth, who, almost from birth, was enlisted in the guards of the Semenovsky regiment. At that time, this was done with young men in almost all noble families. Therefore, when they reached adulthood, they went to the army already in officer ranks.
Grinev appears before the reader in the rank of ensign. This is the main character on whose behalf the story is being told. At the same time, it is mentioned that by that time Alexander I already rules the country. The story is regularly interrupted by old-fashioned maxims.
Grinev's act in The Captain's Daughter, when he sets off from Orenburg to the fortress captured by Pugachev, is still being discussed. A Russian officer, faced with a choice - between duty and feeling, chooses the latter. He actually deserts, leaving his place of service, receives help from the leader of the rebels. All this for the love of a girl.
It is noteworthy that the original version contained information that Grinev died in 1817, but then Pushkin got rid of this fact. Belinsky characterizes Grinev's character as insensitive and insignificant. A well-known critic believes that Pushkin needed him only as an impartial witness to Pugachev's actions.
Masha Mironova
Masha Mironova in The Captain's Daughter is the main female character. Pushkin describes her as an 18-year-old girl with light brown hair, ruddy and chubby. She is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev comes to serve.
At first, she seems weak and spineless, but her true face is revealed when Masha goes to the capital, to the Empress, to ask for Grinev's life. Prince Vyazemsky, giving an analysis of The Captain's Daughter, notes that the image of this heroine is a kind of variation on the theme of Tatyana Larina.
But Tchaikovsky considered her not a very interesting character, but at the same time an honest and kind girl. Marina Tsvetaeva expresses herself even sharper about Masha Mironova in The Captain's Daughter - "an empty place for any first love."
Alexey Shvabrin
The antagonist of Pyotr Grinev in The Captain's Daughter is a young officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. Pushkin describes him as a short and swarthy officer with a remarkably ugly face.
When Grinev finds himself in the Belogorsk fortress, the character of The Captain's Daughter, Shvabrin, has been serving there for five years. In this remote division, he ended up due to a duel. He was transferred from the guard. As we can see, the punishment did not teach this hero anything, since soon he calls another enemy to the barrier. This time Grinev himself.
In the fortress, Shvabrin from The Captain's Daughter is considered by many to be a freethinker. At the same time, he is well versed in literature, speaks fluent French. But when one of the decisive moments in his life comes, he has to choose which side to take, he changes his oath and goes over to the side of the rebels, Pugachev's troops. In the future, he uses his position for selfish purposes, forcing Masha Mironova, who was left an orphan in the fortress, to marry him.
According to many literary critics, this is a classic romantic villain.
Emelyan Pugachev
The figure of Emelyan Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter looks large and colorful. For example, Marina Tsvetaeva, a big admirer of Pushkin, saw in him the only real protagonist of the work, believing that he completely obscures the nondescript Grinev.
It is noteworthy that for a long time Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky hatched the idea of staging an opera based on this work by Pushkin. But in the end he abandoned this idea. He decided that the censorship would never miss this opera because of the image of Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter. This character is written so powerfully that the viewer will be forced to leave the hall, fascinated by the rebel. Since Pushkin, according to Tchaikovsky, in the work "The Captain's Daughter" turned out to be a surprisingly handsome villain.
Epigraph of the novel
Researchers of Pushkin's work always attach great importance to the epigraph in The Captain's Daughter. It becomes the famous Russian proverb "Take care of honor from a young age."
It very accurately reflects what is happening with Peter Grinev. For this hero, events develop in such a way that he is forced to make one of the most difficult choices of his life. Act like an honest person or, frightened of mortal danger and likely punishment after that, betray the closest people and his ideals, in which he believed all these years.
Remembering the heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", it is necessary to mention the father of Peter, who instructs his son before leaving for the army. He urges him to faithfully serve the one to whom he swore, to obey his superiors, not to chase approval without a reason, not to ask for service, but not to shy away from it, and also to remember the proverb "take care of the dress again, and honor - from a young age." So the father formulates the core values for Peter, pointing out what should be the most important thing in this life.
At the same time, it is worth noting that not only upbringing, but also key character traits help Grinev fulfill his father's mandate. He is always sincere and directly tells people what he thinks of them. Saves Masha Mironova from Shvabrin, rescues his servant Savelich from the hands of Pugachev's henchmen. At the same time, he remains true to the word and oath that he gave to the Empress. This adherence to principles conquers Pugachev. Because of her, he first leaves Peter life, and then helps to leave with his beloved.
The honesty and loyalty of Grinev's oath are especially pronounced against the background of Shvabrin. The latter is an educated and eloquent officer, but he only thinks and cares about himself. While remaining completely indifferent to others. For the sake of saving his life, he easily renounces the oath and goes over to the side of the enemy. Such different characters in "The Captain's Daughter".
Grinev's personality is made up of sincerity and a sense of duty. He exactly tries to follow the proverb that his father admonished and which is put in the epigraph of the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". Moreover, we can observe a completely realistic hero who is sometimes afraid, doubts the correctness of his decisions, but still does not give up his convictions, performing truly heroic deeds for the sake of his loved ones and those close to him. For Grinev, in addition to duty and service, it is extremely important to always remain a person with a kind and loving heart who cannot tolerate injustice. And in others, he tries to see only the good. Even in Pugachev, in the first place, his mind, generosity and courage stand out, the fact that he tries to act as a defender of the poor and disadvantaged.
In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" the image of Pyotr Grinev is given in development. Each episode of the novel gives him the opportunity to express himself from one side or another.
Analysis of "The Captain's Daughter"
Analyzing this work, the first thing to note is that it is written in the form of memoirs. According to its structure, it consists of 14 chapters, each of them has its own title and epigraph. The work is based on a real historical event - the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev, which took place during the reign of Empress Catherine II from 1773 to 1775. Many of the problems of The Captain's Daughter that are raised in the work remain relevant to this day.
Let's take a closer look at composition. In the plot, Grinev briefly recalls his childhood and adolescence, about life in his parental home.
But there are two climaxes in the novel at once. In the first, Pugachev's army captures the Belogorsk fortress. Many officers are executed, including Masha's father, commandant Captain Mironov.
The second culmination of the novel is the heroic rescue of Masha by Pyotr Grinev, who remained in the fortress in the power of Shvabrin. The denouement is the news of the pardon of the protagonist, which Masha Mironova achieved from the Empress herself. The novel ends with an epilogue.
An important role in the novel is played by a vividly described picture of a spontaneous and merciless popular uprising. The author dwells in detail on the main causes of this rebellion, its participants and followers. As is often the case in Pushkin's works, the people play an important role. For the writer, he is not some faceless mass that blindly follows the leader. Each representative of the people is a separate independent person. At the same time, people unite among themselves, follow a certain goal. As a result, Pugachev is supported by Cossacks, Bashkirs, and peasants.
Delving into the characters' characters, it is worth noting that Pushkin pays great attention to the upbringing and characters of the characters. The author deliberately does not idealize the Grinev family. So, Grinev Sr. has an unstable character, but Peter, on the contrary, immediately arouses sympathy in the reader. Even being at the beginning of his life's journey, he sacredly remains faithful to his words and deeds. He is a brave man who is not afraid of danger, and therefore commands the respect of most readers of this novel.
It is interesting that Pushkin describes the Mironov family not without irony. The author endows Masha with a courageous and simple character, a pure heart and, most importantly, high moral principles.
Explicit hostility causes only one character - the slanderer Shvabrin. Very soon the reader will learn that he is capable of betrayal and denunciation and does not follow his oath at all. The image of the rebel leader Pugachev is majestic and tragic.
Readers are captivated by the simple and concise language in which this work is written. This makes the events described as true as possible.
