Internal fire water supply. Design of internal and external fire water pipeline Design of fire water pipeline

BIM DESIGN

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT COST

To determine the base (initial) cost of design and estimate documentation and survey work, Region LLC uses a time-tested method: drawing up estimates for design and survey according to base price reference books. The estimated cost of design and survey work is a reasonable initial cost of work, which is specified in the process of clarifying the scope of work and negotiations. The estimate for design and survey work compiled according to the base price reference books can serve as a justification for the price during the competitive procedure in accordance with Federal Law No. 44 and No. 223.

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HOW WE DESIGN

1. Customer idea
2. Preparation of pre-design solutions and variable design
3. Development of a feasibility study (feasibility study)
4. Protection of the main decisions in front of the customer, selection of the best option
5. Preparation of detailed terms of reference for: project development, engineering surveys, inspection
6. Development of working documentation
7. Approvals
8. Author's supervision
9. Realized customer's vision

LICENSES AND CERTIFICATES LLC "REGION"

Region LLC is a member of the voluntary quality certification in accordance with GOST R ISO 9001-2015. Registration number SMK.RTS.RU.03121.17

WE WORK WITH LICENSED SOFTWARE

In order to ensure the fire safety specified for a particular building, a fire extinguishing system must be provided during construction. The most common and justified method is considered to be the use of water. Provides this design of internal and external fire water supply simultaneously with the development of the building project.

General idea of ​​fire water supply

How is a fire hydrant different from a regular one? Why create a separate system? Let's imagine a situation: it is necessary to bring down the flame. It is possible to do this only with a powerful jet of water. Will a household faucet give the right pressure? And will it provide a flow rate of 2.5 liters of water per second? But this is the minimum rate that one fire hydrant gives out. A temporary lack of water in the structure cannot be ruled out either.

Consider the requirements that are taken into account in the design, separately for external and internal water supply, arranged for fire fighting purposes.

Outdoor fire water supply

In full, the system consists of a hydrant, a water intake structure, a water source and water lines. Depending on the conditions and possibilities, water supply units, reservoirs, pumping stations are installed.

The design decision is made in each case individually, taking into account the requirements set forth in SP 8.13130.2009.

The main purpose of the external fire water pipeline is to fill fire equipment with water. It must constantly maintain the specified water pressure. The fire hydrant should be located in a place with free access to it by specialized vehicles. The number of points of water intake by fire equipment (hydrants) in a given territory or in a settlement is calculated in accordance with the standards. The remaining components of the system are responsible for ensuring that the required amount of water is constantly in the tank.

Before drafting an external fire water pipeline, a survey of the area is necessary.

Internal fire water supply

He arranges himself in order to start extinguishing the source of fire as soon as possible: he unfolded the sleeve, opened the valve, and a stream of water began to flow. It should be designed in such a way that it is always in combat readiness.

The internal fire water pipeline consists of pipes and technical means, without which water supply to fire hydrants is impossible. Such means include water pressure, hydropneumatic tanks and pumping units.

The list of conditions under which the construction of a special internal water supply is necessary, the norms and requirements for the components of the ERW are given in SP 10.13130.2009.

The internal fire water supply can be powered from the external one.

Design stages

Having received all the input data related to the object, we proceed to the implementation of the project. Our engineers are faced with the following tasks:

• drawing up a block diagram, which takes into account all the components of the system;
• binding to a building (ERW) or terrain (NTC);
• calculation of the parameters of each node with the selection of equipment, connecting pipes;
• calculation, supply and wiring of power supply;
• drawing drawings and working sketches;
• preparation of budget documentation.

When performing the above points, it is necessary to apply the knowledge and experience of engineers of related specialties: builder, plumber and electrician. With their constant interaction, a water supply system is being developed, the need for the installation of technical means is being considered: tanks, pumping units. The points of their placement are selected. In a high-rise building, for example, a water tank is located on the roof or the upper technical floor (if provided). This is the only way to ensure a fast and adequate pressure supply of water. In some cases, it is advisable to use hydropneumatic tanks in which water is constantly under pressure. By opening the valve of the fire hydrant, you get a jet of the desired pressure.

The contents of the tanks with the simultaneous opening of several PCs are enough for a few minutes, during this time you need to have time to turn on the main pumping station, if it is not provided for automatic switching on. All these moments are modeled and calculated by specialists.

The requirements for the construction and equipment of pumping stations, ensuring their reliable operation at the right time, are especially stringent. For example, blackout protection is performed either by providing an independent power source, or by connecting to at least two different lines or transformer substations.

What does the customer of the project get?

As a result of cooperation with our company, within the contractual period, the customer receives a complete set of design and estimate documentation, made on the basis of the terms of reference accepted by us for execution. The kit includes

• construction drawings with the layout of the system and the installation locations of fire hydrants (fire shields), a tank or tanks with their installation and overall dimensions for ERW;
• construction drawings of each facility (reservoirs, pumping stations, water intake site) with details and connection diagrams for the NPV;
• a complete specification (list) of all parts, materials, devices and finished installations (purchased);
• a set of diagrams: functional, principal, electrical, using which workers will connect all the elements into a reliable workable system.

Please note that for individual components or equipment, the documentation indicates the operating parameters. For example, for pumps, head, flow and power. The specification specifies a specific type, but a similar one may well be applied. This issue is resolved with the customer, the model is specified, since the difference in installation dimensions can lead to a hitch during installation.

SP 10.13130.2009

SET OF RULES

Fire protection systems

INTERNAL FIRE WATER PIPE

fire safety requirements

fire protection system. Fire line inside. fire safety requirements

OKS 13.220.10
OKVED 7523040

Introduction date 2009-05-01

Foreword

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for applying sets of rules - by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules" of November 19, 2008 No. 858

About the set of rules

1 DEVELOPED FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"

3 APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY EMERCOM of Russia Order No. 180 dated March 25, 2009

4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME


Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in the public information system - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet


INTRODUCED Amendment N 1, approved and put into effect on 01.02.2011 by Order of the EMERCOM of Russia dated 09.12.2010 N 641

Change #1 was made by the database manufacturer

1. General Provisions

1. General Provisions

1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with Articles , , , and 107 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 N 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations), is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization voluntary application and establishes fire safety requirements for internal fire water supply systems.

If there are no fire safety requirements for the object of protection in the codes of rules or if, in order to achieve the required level of its fire safety, technical solutions are used that differ from the solutions provided for by the codes of rules, special technical conditions should be developed on the basis of the provisions of the Technical Regulations, providing for the implementation of a set of measures to ensure the required level of fire safety of the protected object.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

1.2 This set of rules applies to the designed and reconstructed internal fire water supply systems.

1.3 This set of rules does not apply to internal fire water supply:

buildings and structures designed according to special technical conditions;

enterprises producing or storing explosive and flammable combustible substances;

for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

- reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);

- decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);

- interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);

- spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.4 This set of rules can be used in the development of special specifications for the design and construction of buildings.

2 Normative references

This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST 27331-87 Fire fighting equipment. Fire classification

GOST R 51844-2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test Methods

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced standard is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the reference to it is given applies to the extent that this reference is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1 internal fire water supply(ERW): A set of pipelines and technical means that provide water supply to fire hydrants.

3.2 water tank: A water feeder filled with a calculated volume of water under atmospheric pressure, automatically providing pressure in the ERW pipelines due to the piezometric height above the fire hydrants, as well as the estimated water flow required for the operation of the ERW fire hydrants before reaching the operating mode of the main water feeder (pumping unit) .

3.3 jet compact height: The nominal height (length) of a water jet flowing from a manual fire nozzle, while maintaining its compactness.

Note - The height of the compact part of the jet is assumed to be 0.8 of the height of the vertical jet.

3.4 hydropneumatic tank(hydro-pneumatic tank): A water feeder (hermetic vessel), partially filled with the estimated volume of water (30-70% of the tank capacity) and under pressurized compressed air, automatically providing pressure in the ERW pipelines, as well as the estimated water flow required for the work of firefighters cranes ERW before reaching the operating mode of the main water feeder (pumping unit).

3.5 pumping unit: A pumping unit with accessories (piping elements and a control system) mounted according to a certain scheme that ensures the operation of the pump.

3.6 omission: Distribution pipeline ERW, through which water is supplied from top to bottom.

3.7 fire hydrant(PC): A set consisting of a valve installed on the internal fire water supply and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle in accordance with GOST R 51844.

3.8 fire cabinet: Type of fire equipment designed to accommodate and ensure the safety of technical equipment used during a fire in accordance with GOST R 51844.

3.9 riser: Distribution pipeline VPV with fire hydrants placed on it, through which water is supplied from the bottom up.

4 Technical requirements

4.1 Pipelines and facilities*
______________

* Revised edition, Rev. N 1 .

4.1.1 For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need for an internal fire water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, should be determined in accordance with table 1, and for industrial and storage buildings - in accordance with table 2 .

Table 1 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing

___________
* See section Bibliography. - Database manufacturer's note.

Table 2 - Number of fire nozzles and minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and storage buildings

Notes:

1 The sign "-" indicates the need to develop special technical conditions for the justification of water consumption.

3 The sign "*" indicates that fire nozzles are not required.


The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be specified according to Table 3. In this case, the simultaneous operation of fire hydrants and sprinkler or deluge installations should be taken into account.


Table 3 - Water consumption for fire extinguishing depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.2 Water consumption and the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing in public and industrial buildings (regardless of category) with a height of over 50 m and a volume of up to 50,000 m should be taken 4 jets of 5 l / s each; with a larger volume of buildings - 8 jets of 5 l / s each.

4.1.3 In production and storage buildings, for which, in accordance with Table 2, the need for an air blast device is established, the minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing, determined according to Table 2, should be increased:

when using frame elements from unprotected steel structures in buildings of III and IV (C2, C3) fire resistance degrees, as well as from solid or glued wood (including those subjected to fire retardant treatment) - by 5 l / s;

when used in the enclosing structures of buildings IV (C2, C3) of the degree of fire resistance of heaters made of combustible materials - by 5 l / s for buildings with a volume of up to 10 thousand m . subsequent full or incomplete 100 thousand m of volume.

The requirements of this paragraph do not apply to buildings for which, in accordance with Table 2, internal fire water supply is not required to be provided.

4.1.4 In the premises of the halls with a mass stay of people in the presence of a combustible finish, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be taken one more than indicated in Table 1.

4.1.3, 4.1.4 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.5 Internal fire water pipeline is not required to provide:

a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in tables 1 and 2;

b) in the buildings of general education schools, except for boarding schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in baths;

c) in the buildings of seasonal cinemas for any number of seats;

d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, spread of fire;

e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance of categories D and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III-V degrees of fire resistance with a volume of not more than 5000 m3 of categories D and D;

f) in industrial and administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;

g) in the buildings of warehouses for roughage, pesticides and mineral fertilizers.

Note - It is allowed not to provide an internal fire water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products of category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance, up to 5000 m3.

4.1.6 For parts of buildings of different heights or premises for various purposes, the need for an internal fire water supply and water flow for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.

In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken:

for buildings that do not have fire walls - by the total volume of the building;

for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water flow is required.

When connecting buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with transitions from fireproof materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is considered for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - by the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.

4.1.7 Hydrostatic pressure in the system of fire-fighting plumbing at the level of the lowest located sanitary appliance should not exceed 0.45 MPa.

The hydrostatic pressure in the separate fire water supply system at the level of the lowest located fire hydrant should not exceed 0.9 MPa.

When the design pressure in the fire water supply network exceeds 0.45 MPa, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a separate fire water supply network.

Note - When the pressure at the PC is more than 0.4 MPa, between the fire damper and the connecting head, it is necessary to provide for the installation of diaphragms and pressure regulators that reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3-4 floors of the building.


(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.8 The free pressure at the fire hydrants should ensure the receipt of compact fire jets with a height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the room. The smallest height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height of the room, counting from the floor to the highest point of overlap (cover), but not less than, m:

6 - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high;

8 - in residential buildings over 50 m high;

16 - in public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises with a height of over 50 m.

Notes:

1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account pressure losses in fire hoses 10, 15 or 20 m long.

2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l / s, fire hydrants with accessories with DN 50 should be used; l/s.

4.1.9 The location and capacity of the water tanks of the building must ensure that at any time of the day a compact jet with a height of at least 4 m on the top floor or the floor located directly under the tank, and at least 6 m - on the other floors; in this case, the number of jets should be taken: two with a capacity of 2.5 l / s each for 10 minutes with a total estimated number of jets of two or more, one - in other cases.

When installing fire hydrant position sensors on fire hydrants for automatic start-up of fire pumps, water tanks may not be provided.

4.1.10 The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of automatic fire extinguishing systems.

4.1.11 In buildings with a height of 6 floors or more, with a combined system of utility and fire-fighting water supply, fire risers should be looped on top. At the same time, to ensure the replacement of water in buildings, it is necessary to provide for the ringing of fire risers with one or more water risers with the installation of shutoff valves.

It is recommended to connect the risers of a separate fire water supply system with jumpers to other water supply systems, provided that the systems can be connected.

On fire-fighting systems with dry pipes located in unheated buildings, shut-off valves should be located in heated rooms.

4.1.12 When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:

in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, it is allowed to install twin fire hydrants on risers;

in residential buildings with corridors up to 10 m long, with an estimated number of jets of two, each point of the room can be irrigated with two jets supplied from one fire riser;

in residential buildings with corridors longer than 10 m, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of 2 or more, each point of the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from 2 adjacent risers (different PCs).

Notes:

1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided for if they contain combustible materials and structures.

2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.13 Fire hydrants should be installed in such a way that the outlet on which it is located is at a height of (1.35 ± 0.15) m above the floor of the room, and placed in fire cabinets with ventilation holes adapted for their sealing . Paired PCs can be installed one above the other, while the second PC must be installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor.

4.1.14 In the fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings, it should be possible to place portable fire extinguishers.

4.1.15 The internal networks of the fire-fighting water supply of each zone of a building with a height of 17 floors or more must have 2 branch pipes brought out to the outside with connecting heads with a diameter of 80 mm for connecting mobile fire equipment with a check valve installed in the building and a normal open sealed valve.

4.1.13-4.1.15 (Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.1.16 Internal fire hydrants should be installed mainly at the entrances, on the sites of heated (with the exception of smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, while their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.

4.1.17 In rooms subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations, internal fire control systems may be placed on a water sprinkler network after control units on pipelines with a diameter of DN-65 and more.

4.1.18 In unheated closed-type premises outside the pumping station, ERW pipelines are allowed to be dry-pipe.

4.1.17, 4.1.18 (Introduced additionally, Rev. N 1).

4.2 Pump installations

4.2.1 In the event of a constant or periodic lack of pressure in the internal fire water pipeline, it is necessary to provide for the installation of fire pumping units.

4.2.2 Fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks for ERW may be located on the first floors and not lower than the first underground floor of buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance made of non-combustible materials. At the same time, the premises of fire pumping units and hydropneumatic tanks must be heated, separated from other premises by fire partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of REI 45, and have a separate exit to the outside or to a staircase with an exit to the outside. Fire pumping units can be located in the premises of heating points, boiler rooms and boiler rooms.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.2.3 The design of fire pump installations and the determination of the number of standby units should be carried out taking into account the parallel or sequential operation of fire pumps in each stage.

4.2.4 At each fire pump, a check valve, a valve and a pressure gauge should be provided on the pressure line, and a valve and a pressure gauge should be installed on the suction line.

When the fire pump is operating without back pressure on the suction line, it is not necessary to install a valve on it.

4.2.5 It is allowed not to provide vibration-isolating bases and vibration-isolating inserts in fire pumping installations.

4.2.6 Fire pumping units with hydropneumatic tanks should be designed with variable pressure. Replenishment of the air supply in the tank should be carried out, as a rule, by compressors with automatic or manual start.

4.2.7 Pumping installations for fire fighting purposes should be designed with manual or remote control, and for buildings over 50 m high, cultural centers, conference halls, assembly halls and for buildings equipped with sprinkler and deluge installations - with manual, automatic and remote management.

Notes:

1. An automatic or remote start signal should be sent to fire pump units after an automatic check of the water pressure in the system. With sufficient pressure in the system, the start of the fire pump should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the activation of the fire pump unit.

2. It is allowed to use household pumps for fire extinguishing, provided that the calculated flow rate is supplied and the water pressure is automatically checked. Household pumps must meet the requirements for fire pumps. When the pressure drops below the allowable level, the fire pump should automatically turn on.

3. Simultaneously with the signal for the automatic or remote start of fire pumps or the opening of the fire hydrant valve, a signal must be received to open the electrified valve on the bypass line of the water meter at the water supply inlet.

4.2.8 When starting fire pumping units remotely, start buttons should be installed in fire cabinets or next to them. With automatic start-up of fire pumps VPV, installation of start buttons in PC cabinets is not required. When automatically and remotely turning on fire pumps, it is necessary to simultaneously give a signal (light and sound) to the fire station room or other room with round-the-clock stay of service personnel.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.2.9 In case of automatic control of a fire pumping unit, the following shall be provided:

- automatic start-up and shutdown of the main fire pumps depending on the required pressure in the system;

- automatic activation of the backup pump in case of emergency shutdown of the main fire pump;

- simultaneous signaling (light and sound) about the emergency shutdown of the main fire pump in the fire station room or other room with round-the-clock stay of service personnel.

4.2.10 For pumping units supplying water for firefighting needs, it is necessary to take the following category of power supply reliability according to:

I - at a water flow rate for internal fire extinguishing of more than 2.5 l / s, as well as for fire pumping installations, the interruption of which is not allowed;

II - at a water consumption for internal fire extinguishing of 2.5 l / s; for residential buildings with a height of 10-16 floors with a total water flow of 5 l / s, as well as for fire pumping installations that allow a short break in operation for the time required to manually turn on the backup power.

Notes:

1. If, according to local conditions, it is impossible to power category I fire pumping units from two independent sources of power supply, it is allowed to power them from one source, provided that they are connected to different lines with a voltage of 0.4 kV and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations ( with AVR).

2. If it is impossible to ensure the necessary reliability of power supply to fire pumping units, it is allowed to install standby pumps driven by internal combustion engines. However, they are not allowed to be placed in the basement.

4.2.11 When water is taken from the reservoir, installation of fire pumps "under the bay" should be provided. If fire pumps are located above the water level in the tank, devices for filling the pumps should be provided or self-priming pumps should be installed.

4.2.12 When water is taken by fire pumps from tanks, at least two suction lines should be provided. The calculation of each of them should be made for the passage of the estimated water flow, including fire fighting.

4.2.13 Pipelines in fire pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside fire pumping stations, should be designed from welded steel pipes using flange connections for connection to fire pumps and fittings. In buried and semi-buried fire pumping stations, measures should be taken to collect and remove accidental water runoff.

If it is necessary to install a drainage pump, its performance should be determined from the condition of preventing the water level in the engine room from rising above the lower mark of the fire pump electric drive.

Bibliography

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