Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol began to write the poem "Dead Souls" in 1835 on the insistent advice of Pushkin. After many years of wandering around Europe, Gogol settled in Rome, where he devoted himself entirely to work on the poem. He considered its creation as the fulfillment of the oath given by him to Pushkin, as the fulfillment of a writer's duty to the Motherland. In 1841, the poem was completed, but the members of the Moscow censorship committee, to whom he presented the manuscript, were indignant at the content of the work. The poem was banned. These were difficult days for Gogol. He turned to Belinsky for help, he did everything possible to bypass censorship and print the poem. Gogol knew how representatives of the ruling classes would react to his work, but he considered it his duty to Russia and the people "to show, at least from one side, all of Rus'." He wrote: "There is a time when it is impossible to aspire a society or even an entire generation to the beautiful until you show the full depth of its real abomination." This thought did not leave the writer-citizen during all his work on the poem.

Gogol's brilliant creation shocked all of Russia. In "Dead Souls" a wide

and a true picture of Russian life in the 20s and 30s of the 19th century. The provincial city, where the governor, officials and merchants reign supreme, the landowners' estates, where Chichikov visited in search of dead souls, the fortress village, the capital with its ministers and generals - such is the social background of the poem. With all its content, the poem denied the ugly, vile world of "dead souls" - greedy money-grubbers, slave owners and royal officials. Gogol, as in a mirror, reflected the whole disgusting essence of the nobility-bureaucratic system with its wild police orders, the morality of the feudal lords and the arbitrariness of the landlords.

The world of "dead souls" is opposed in the poem by the lyrical image of people's Russia, about which Gogol writes with love and admiration. As soon as he moves from landlords and officials, from chatterboxes and hoarders to people from the people, to images and themes of people's life, to the dream of the future of Russia, the very tone of the author's speech changes dramatically. Sad reflections, and a soft joke, and, finally, genuine lyrical animation appear in it. In the poem "Dead Souls" Gogol acted as a patriot, in whom lived an irresistible faith in the future, where there would be no Manilovs and Nozdrevs, Sobakevichs and Chichikovs. The writer expressed his sincere hope that ■ Russia would rise to greatness and glory.

Behind the terrible world of landlord Russia, Gogol felt the living soul of the people. The poem speaks with enthusiasm and admiration of his prowess, courage, and love for a free life. In this regard, Chichikov's discussions about serfs and runaway peasants in the seventh chapter of the poem are of deep significance.

Gogol depicted the image of the Motherland impartially. Serfdom hampered the development of Russia. The neglected villages, dull life, serfdom did not increase the dignity of Russia, did not exalt it, but dragged it into the past. Gogol dreamed of a different homeland. The image of a triple bird is a symbol of the power of the country. It has a leading role in world development.

Belinsky wrote: "Gogol was the first to look boldly at Russian reality." What are these nobles - the masters of life? Nothing! Russia will not regret them. If we did not have such outstanding masters of the word as Griboyedov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, then what would we know about Russian reality? Their civic feat consisted in the fact that, loving Russia, they were not afraid to show the “dark sides” of Russian society.

Faith in one's own people, in its grandiose powers, faith in Russia with its uniqueness and originality nourished all of Gogol's work. Chernyshevsky wrote: "For a long time there has not been a writer in the world who would be as important for his people as Gogol is important for Russia." Highly appreciated the poem Herzen. The beautiful soul of the author is visible in the work, his endless longing for the ideal, the sad charm of memories of a past life, a sense of the greatness of Russia.

My thoughts, my name, my works will belong to Russia. Gogol Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol began writing the poem in 1835 on Pushkin's insistent advice. After many years of wandering around Europe, Gogol settled in Rome, where he devoted himself entirely to work on the poem. He considered its creation as the fulfillment of the oath given by him to Pushkin, as the fulfillment of a writer's duty to the Motherland. In 1841, the poem was completed, but the members of the Moscow censorship committee, to whom he presented the manuscript, were indignant at the content of the work. The poem was banned. These were difficult days for Gogol. He turned to Belinsky for help, he did his best to bypass censorship and print the poem. Gogol knew how representatives of the ruling classes would react to his work, but he considered it his duty to Russia and the people to "show" at least from one side, all of Rus'. until you show the depth of his real abomination. " This thought did not leave the writer-citizen during all his work on the poem.

Gogol's brilliant creation shocked all of Russia. Dead Souls gives a broad and truthful picture of Russian life in the 1920s and 1930s. The provincial city, where the governor, officials and merchants reign supreme, the landowners' estates, where Chichikov visited in search of "dead souls", the fortress village, the capital with its ministers and generals - such is the social background of the poem. With all its content, the poem denied the ugly, vile world of "dead souls" - greedy money-grubbers, slave owners and royal officials. Gogol, as in a mirror, reflected the whole disgusting essence of the noble-bureaucratic system with this wild police order, the morality of the feudal lords and the arbitrariness of the landowners.

The world of "dead souls" is opposed in the poem by the lyrical image of people's Russia, about which Gogol writes with love and admiration. As soon as he moves from landowners and officials, from chatterboxes and hoarders to people from the people, to the images and themes of people's life, to the dream of the future of Russia, the very tone of the author's speech changes dramatically. Sad reflections, and a soft joke, and, finally, genuine lyrical animation appear in it. In the poem "Dead Souls" Gogol acted as a patriot, in whom lived an irresistible faith in the future, where there would be no Manilovs and Nozdrevs, Sobakevichs and Chichikovs.

Behind the terrible world of landlord Russia, Gogol felt the living soul of the people. The poem speaks with enthusiasm and admiration of his prowess, courage, and love for a free life. In this regard, Chichikov's discussions about serfs and runaway peasants in the seventh chapter of the poem are of deep significance.

Gogol portrayed the image of the Motherland realistically, but with anger. Serfdom hindered the development of Russia. The neglected villages, dull life, serfdom did not increase the dignity of Russia, did not exalt it, but dragged it into the past. Gogol saw a different Russia in his dreams. The image of a triple bird is a symbol of the power of his homeland. It has a leading role in world development. "Dead Souls" is an "encyclopedia of the life of serf Rus'". Belinsky wrote: "Gogol was the first to look boldly at Russian reality." What are these noble masters of life? Nothing! Russia will not regret them. If we did not have such people - outstanding masters of the word, like Griboedov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, then what would we know about Russian reality. Their civic feat consisted in the fact that, loving Russia, they were not afraid to show the "dark sides" of Russian society. The poem sounds optimistic. Faith in one's own people, in its grandiose powers, faith in Russia with its uniqueness and originality nourished all of Gogol's work. Following the words of the great poet, Gogol can boldly say: "I love my Motherland!" Now great changes are taking place in our country, human values ​​are being rethought, but the ideas of Gogol the prophet are modern even now. Chernyshevsky wrote: "For a long time there has not been a writer in the world who would be as important for his people as Gogol is important for Russia." Herzen highly appreciated the poem. In the work, the beautiful soul of the author is visible, his endless longing for the ideal, the sad charm of memories of a past life, a sense of the greatness of Russia.

Russia and the Russian people in N. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls"

Interest in the work of N.V. Gogol does not weaken even today. The reason for this, most likely, lies in the fact that the writer was able to most fully show the character traits of the Russian people, the greatness and beauty of Russia.

The poem "Dead Souls" begins with an image of city life. Five chapters of the work are devoted to the story of the life of officials, five - to the description of the landowners and one - to the biography of Chichikov. As a result of this narrative, a general picture of Russia is created with a huge number of actors of different positions and conditions. In addition to officials and landlords, the author also depicts other urban and rural residents - burghers, servants, peasants. All this adds up to a complex panorama of the life of Russia, contemporary to the author.

The theme of Russia and the Russian people occupies one of the main places in N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls". Let's see how he portrays the peasantry. The author is not at all inclined to idealize him, he talks about the merits of the Russian people and their shortcomings. At the beginning of the poem, when Chichikov drove into the city, two peasants, examining his britzka, determined that one wheel was out of order and that Chichikov would not go far. N.V. Gogol noted that the men were standing near the tavern. The poem also shows Uncle Mityai and Uncle Minyay, the serf Manilova, who asks for work, and goes to get drunk himself, as stupid; the girl Pelageya cannot tell where is right and where is left; Proshka and Mavra are downtrodden and intimidated. The author does not accuse them of ignorance, it is not their fault, he just laughs good-naturedly at them. But when talking about the coachman Selifan and the footman Petrushka, Chichikov's yard servants, the writer shows them kindness and understanding. Because Petrushka is seized with a passion for reading, although he is more attracted not by what is written in the book, but by the process of reading itself, as it is from the letters “some word always comes out, which sometimes the devil knows what it means.” And revealing the image of Selifan, N.V. Gogol shows the soul of a Russian peasant and tries to understand it. Recall what he says about the meaning of scratching the back of the head among the Russian people: “What did this scratching mean? And what does it mean anyway? Is it annoyance that the meeting planned for tomorrow with your brother did not work out ... or some kind of sweetheart of the heart has already begun in a new place ... Or is it just a pity to leave a warm place in the people's kitchen under a sheepskin coat, in order to again dragged through the rain and sleet and all sorts of road adversity? »

The work reflects social phenomena and conflicts that were characteristic of serf Russia in the thirties and forties of the nineteenth century. At that time, landowners and officials ruled the country. N.V. Gogol also depicts a bleak picture of the life of the peasants. The landlords exploit them mercilessly, buy and sell them like things, treat them like slaves. Fearing to sell cheap when selling dead souls, Korobochka tells Chichikov: “... I have never happened to sell the dead. I conceded the living ones, and here, for the third year, the duct-priest of two girls, a hundred rubles each ... ” The true image of the people is seen, first of all, in the description of the dead peasants. They are admired by both the author and the landlords. In their memory, they acquire a certain epic image, they are endowed with fabulous, heroic traits. Dead peasants are, as it were, opposed to living serfs with their poor inner world. This people, although it consists of "dead souls", but has a lively and lively mind, this is a people "full of the creative abilities of the soul ...".

Here is how Sobakevich boasts of his dead peasants: “Milushkin, a bricklayer, could put a stove in any house. Maxim Telyatnikov, cobbler: whatever pricks with an awl, then boots, that boots, then thanks, and at least in a drunken mouth! And Yeremey Soro-koplekhin! Yes, that peasant alone will stand for everyone, he traded in Moscow, he brought one quitrent for five hundred rubles. After all, what a people! And the coachman Mikheev! After all, I didn’t make any more crews, as soon as spring ones. ” And when Chichikov answers him that they have died long ago and cannot be worth a lot, that this is only a “dream”, Sobakevich objects to him: “Well, no, not a dream! I’ll tell you what Mikheev was like, so you won’t find such people: the machine is such that it won’t enter this room ... And in his shoulders he had such strength that a horse doesn’t have ... ”. And Chichikov himself, looking at the lists of purchased peasants, sees them as if in reality, each peasant in his eyes acquires “his own character”: “My fathers, how many of you are stuffed here! What have you, my hearts, been doing in your lifetime? How did you get along?" Attention is drawn to the image of the carpenter Stepan Cork, endowed with heroic strength, who probably went all over the provinces with an ax in his belt: “Cork Stepan, carpenter, exemplary sobriety ... Ah! Here he is ... here is the hero that would be suitable for the guard! The serfs are industrious, any work is argued in their hands.

A terrifying picture of the life and overwork of the people, their courage and patience, outbursts of anger and protest is drawn by N.V. Gogol during Chichikov's reflections on the list of souls he acquired. In the soul of a enslaved people lives the desire for freedom. In Plyushkin's estate, the peasants, driven to the extreme degree of poverty, are "dying like flies", fleeing from the landowner. Examining the list of fugitives, Chichikov makes a conclusion: “Although you are still alive, what's the use of you! The same as the dead ... are you sitting in prisons or stuck with other masters and plow the land? Yard Plyushkina Popov prefers to live in prison than to return to the estate of his master. The author, over many pages of his work, acquaints us with the various fates of ordinary people. In the episodes of the assassination of assessor Drobyazhkin, the author tells about cases of mass indignation of peasants against their oppressors.

At the same time, N.V. Gogol also sees the mighty power of the people, crushed, but not killed by serfdom. It manifests itself in the diligence of the Russian people, in their ability not to lose heart under any circumstances. He portrays the people as vigorous, lively, talented and full of energy. Discussing the resettlement of the peasants bought by Chichikov to the Kherson province, officials argue: “A Russian person is capable of everything and gets used to any climate. Send him at least to Kamchatka, but give only warm gloves, he will clap his hands, an ax in his hands, and went to cut himself a new hut.

The image of the people in the poem "Dead Souls" by N.V. Gogol gradually develops into the image of Russia. Here, too, one can see the contrast between the real Russia and the future, ideal Russia. In lyrical digressions, the author refers to the "immense expanse", "mighty space" of the Russian land. Russia rises before us in all its grandeur. This is not at all a country where officials take bribes, landlords ruthlessly squander their estates, peasants get drunk, roads and hotels are always bad. Through this real Russia, N.V. Gogol sees a different Rus', a “troika bird”. “Isn’t it you, Rus, that brisk, unbeatable troika, rushing about?” The writer sees a great country, showing the way to others, it seems to him, as Rus' overtakes other countries and peoples, which, “looking askance, step aside and give it way”. The image of the trio bird becomes the image of the future Russia, which will play the main role in world development. With such an optimistic attitude, N.V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" ends.

The theme of the Motherland and the people in the poem "Dead Souls"

My thoughts, my name, my works will belong to Russia. Gogol Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol began writing the poem in 1835 on Pushkin's insistent advice. After many years of wandering around Europe, Gogol settled in Rome, where he devoted himself entirely to work on the poem. He considered its creation as the fulfillment of the oath given by him to Pushkin, as the fulfillment of a writer's duty to the Motherland. In 1841, the poem was completed, but the members of the Moscow censorship committee, to whom he presented the manuscript, were indignant at the content of the work. The poem was banned. These were difficult days for Gogol. He turned to Belinsky for help, he did his best to bypass censorship and print the poem. Gogol knew how representatives of the ruling classes would react to his work, but he considered it his duty to Russia and the people to "show" at least from one side, all of Rus'. until you show the depth of his real abomination. " This thought did not leave the writer-citizen during all his work on the poem.

Gogol's brilliant creation shocked all of Russia. Dead Souls gives a broad and truthful picture of Russian life in the 1920s and 1930s. The provincial city, where the governor, officials and merchants reign supreme, the landowners' estates, where Chichikov visited in search of "dead souls", the fortress village, the capital with its ministers and generals - such is the social background of the poem. With all its content, the poem denied the ugly, vile world of "dead souls" - greedy money-grubbers, slave owners and royal officials. Gogol, as in a mirror, reflected the whole disgusting essence of the noble-bureaucratic system with this wild police order, the morality of the feudal lords and the arbitrariness of the landowners.

The world of "dead souls" is opposed in the poem by the lyrical image of people's Russia, about which Gogol writes with love and admiration. As soon as he moves from landowners and officials, from chatterboxes and hoarders to people from the people, to the images and themes of people's life, to the dream of the future of Russia, the very tone of the author's speech changes dramatically. Sad reflections, and a soft joke, and, finally, genuine lyrical animation appear in it. In the poem "Dead Souls" Gogol acted as a patriot, in whom lived an irresistible faith in the future, where there would be no Manilovs and Nozdrevs, Sobakevichs and Chichikovs.

Behind the terrible world of landlord Russia, Gogol felt the living soul of the people. The poem speaks with enthusiasm and admiration of his prowess, courage, and love for a free life. In this regard, Chichikov's discussions about serfs and runaway peasants in the seventh chapter of the poem are of deep significance.

Gogol portrayed the image of the Motherland realistically, but with anger. Serfdom hindered the development of Russia. The neglected villages, dull life, serfdom did not increase the dignity of Russia, did not exalt it, but dragged it into the past. Gogol saw a different Russia in his dreams. The image of a triple bird is a symbol of the power of his homeland. It has a leading role in world development. "Dead Souls" is an "encyclopedia of the life of serf Rus'". Belinsky wrote: "Gogol was the first to look boldly at Russian reality." What are these noble masters of life? Nothing! Russia will not regret them. If we did not have such people - outstanding masters of the word, like Griboedov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, then what would we know about Russian reality. Their civic feat consisted in the fact that, loving Russia, they were not afraid to show the "dark sides" of Russian society. The poem sounds optimistic. Faith in one's own people, in its grandiose powers, faith in Russia with its uniqueness and originality nourished all of Gogol's work. Following the words of the great poet, Gogol can boldly say: "I love my Motherland!" Now great changes are taking place in our country, human values ​​are being rethought, but the ideas of Gogol the prophet are modern even now. Chernyshevsky wrote: "For a long time there has not been a writer in the world who would be as important for his people as Gogol is important for Russia." Herzen highly appreciated the poem. In the work, the beautiful soul of the author is visible, his endless longing for the ideal, the sad charm of memories of a past life, a sense of the greatness of Russia.

My thoughts, my name, my works will belong to Russia.

N. V. Gogol

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol began writing the poem in 1835 on Pushkin's insistent advice.. After many years of wandering around Europe, Gogol settled in Rome, where he devoted himself entirely to work on the poem. He considered its creation as the fulfillment of the oath given by him to Pushkin, as the fulfillment of a writer's duty to the Motherland. In 1841, the poem was completed, but the members of the Moscow censorship committee, to whom he presented the manuscript, were indignant at the content of the work. The poem was banned. These were difficult days for Gogol. He turned to Belinsky for help, he did everything possible to bypass censorship and print the poem. Gogol knew how representatives of the ruling classes would react to his work, but he considered it his duty to Russia and the people to "show" at least from one side, all of Rus'. until you show the depth of his real abomination. " This thought did not leave the writer-citizen during all his work on the poem.

Gogol's brilliant creation shocked all of Russia. Dead Souls gives a broad and truthful picture of Russian life in the 1920s and 1930s. The provincial city, where the governor, officials and merchants reign supreme, the landowners' estates, where Chichikov visited in search of "dead souls", the fortress village, the capital with its ministers and generals - such is the social background of the poem. With all its content, the poem denied the ugly, vile world of "dead souls" - greedy money-grubbers, slave owners and royal officials. Gogol, as in a mirror, reflected the whole disgusting essence of the noble-bureaucratic system with this wild police order, the morality of the feudal lords and the arbitrariness of the landowners.

Gogol speaks of the dullness and savagery that slavery brings to man. It is in this light that one must consider the images of Uncle Mityai, the girl Pelageya, who could not distinguish between right and left, Plyushkin's Proshka and Mavra, who were downtrodden to the extreme. Social depression and humiliation were imprinted on Selifan and Petrushka. The latter even had a noble impulse to read books, but he was more attracted not by what he read about, but by the process of reading itself, that some word always comes out of the letters, which sometimes the devil knows what it means.

Behind the terrible world of landlord Russia, Gogol felt the living soul of the people. The poem speaks with enthusiasm and admiration of his prowess, courage, and love for a free life. In this regard, Chichikov's discussions about serfs and runaway peasants in the seventh chapter of the poem are of deep significance.

Gogol portrayed the image of the Motherland realistically, but with anger. Serfdom hindered the development of Russia. The neglected villages, dull life, serfdom did not increase the dignity of Russia, did not exalt it, but dragged it into the past. Gogol saw a different Russia in his dreams. The image of a triple bird is a symbol of the power of his homeland. It has a leading role in world development. "Dead Souls" is an "encyclopedia of the life of serf Rus'".

Belinsky wrote: "Gogol was the first to look boldly at Russian reality." What are these noble masters of life? Nothing! Russia will not regret them. If we did not have such people - outstanding masters of the word, like Griboedov, Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, then what would we know about Russian reality. Their civic feat consisted in the fact that, loving Russia, they were not afraid to show the "dark sides" of Russian society. The poem sounds optimistic. Faith in one's own people, in its grandiose powers, faith in Russia with its uniqueness and originality nourished all of Gogol's work. Following the words of the great poet, Gogol can boldly say: "I love my Motherland!" Now great changes are taking place in our country, human values ​​are being rethought, but the ideas of Gogol the prophet are modern even now. Chernyshevsky wrote: "For a long time there has not been a writer in the world who would be as important for his people as Gogol is important for Russia." Herzen highly appreciated the poem. In the work, the beautiful soul of the author is visible, his endless longing for the ideal, the sad charm of memories of a past life, a sense of the greatness of Russia.